Altered Anxiety-Related Responses in Mutant Mice Lacking the β4 Subunit of the Nicotinic Receptor
Open accessAbstract
Nicotine, acting at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), is the primary addictive component of tobacco. Smokers often report an anxiolytic effect of cigarettes. This relief of anxiety, attributed to nicotine, is an important contributor to relapse when smokers try to quit. Hence, the study of the anxiolytic effects of nicotine is important for understanding the mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction. Mammalian nAChRs are pentameric ion channels usually composed of alpha andbeta subunits. Taking advantage of beta4-homozygous-null mice (beta4-/-), we examined the role of the nAChR beta4 subunit in anxiety-related behaviors. The beta4-/- mice behaved as though they were less anxious than wild-type littermates on the elevated-plus and staircase mazes, tests that measure anxiety-related behaviors. To obtain an independent, physiological indication of the stress produced by several tests, we measured changes in heart rate using telemetry. Consistently with the behavioral phenotype, beta4-/- mice had a smaller heart rate increase in the elevated-plus maze than did wild-type littermates. In contrast, during social isolation, a separate test for anxiety,beta4-/- mice exhibited a greater increase in heart rate than did wild-type littermates. Finally, beta4-/- mice were indistinguishable from their wild-type littermates in the open field, the light/dark box, and the mirrored chamber. The overall results demonstrate that beta4-containing (beta4*) nAChRs influence behavioral responses during anxiety-related tests, and that this effect depends on the type of anxiety-provoking experience. Through their influence on anxiety-related behavior, beta4* nAChRs might influence both tobacco consumption and smoking relapse.
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Mice lacking the β4 nAChR subunit show less anxiety-like behavior at baseline.
“knockout mice lacking the β4 subunit show less anxiety-like behaviors at baseline (Salas et al. 2003)”
From Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Salas et al. 2003
The Results report that β4-knockout mice behaved as though they were less anxious in the elevated-plus maze, and the Introduction also cites increased climbing in the staircase maze. But the effect was test-specific: behavior was unchanged in three other tests, and social isolation produced a stronger anxiety-related response. The unqualified claim of less anxiety-like behavior at baseline overgeneralizes those findings. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe MHb/IPN axis is emerging as a brain circuit involved in processing anti-reward stimuli and nicotine withdrawal.
“which, as discussed in section 2.3, is emerging as a brain circuit involved in the processing of anti-reward stimuli and nicotine withdrawal [11, 80, 222].”
From Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal (2011) · cites this paper as [222]
α3 and β4 nAChR subunits are expressed at high levels in the MHb/IPN axis.
“the α3 and β4 nAChR subunits are expressed at high levels in the MHb/IPN axis [222–224]”
From Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal (2011) · cites this paper as [222]
β4 knockout mice showed reduced anxiety in the elevated plus maze compared to wild-type littermates and reduced heart rate in this paradigm.
“Salas, Pieri, Fung, Dani, and De Biasi (2003) showed that β4 KO mice showed reduced anxiety in the EPM compared to WT littermates as well as reduced heart rate in this paradigm.”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Salas et al. (2003)
β4 knockout animals showed higher heart rate in the social isolation anxiety paradigm.
“However, β4 KO animals showed higher heart rate in another anxiety paradigm, social isolation.”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Salas et al. (2003)
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Salas, R., Pieri, F., & De Biasi, M. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1939-04.2004 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationGrady, S. R., Moretti, M., Zoli, M., Marks, M. J., Zanardi, A., Pucci, L., Clementi, F., & Gotti, C. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5121-08.2009 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
McLaughlin, I., Dani, J. A., & De Biasi, M. (2015) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13482-6_4 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“In rodents, α2 mRNA levels are highest in the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), with more restricted expression in scattered neurons within the amygdala, hippocampus, cortex, retina, spinal cord, and cerebellum (Lotfipour et al. 2013).”
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The habenulo-interpeduncular pathway in nicotine aversion and withdrawal
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Progesterone modulation of α5 nAChR subunits influences anxiety‐related behavior during estrus cycle
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Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal
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Sekar, S., Zhang, Y., Miranzadeh Mahabadi, H., Buettner, B., & Taghibiglou, C. (2023) · doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0214.v1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Salas, R., Pieri, F., Fung, B., Dani, J. A., & De Biasi, M.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2003-07-16
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 6255-6263
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6740559
- OpenAlex
- W4296569371
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-12661, DA09411, R01DA009411, P01DA012661)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 21229, R37NS021229, R01NS021229)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, beta4 subunit, anxiety-like behavior, nicotine dependence, smoking relapse, heart rate, stress response, social isolation, elevated plus maze, light-dark box
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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