Vacuolating encephalitis in mice infected by human coronavirus OC43
Open accessAbstract
Involvement of viruses in human neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying pathologic mechanisms remain generally unclear. Human respiratory coronaviruses (HCoV) can infect neural cells, persist in human brain, and activate myelin-reactive T cells. As a means of understanding the human infection, we characterized in vivo the neurotropic and neuroinvasive properties of HCoV-OC43 through the development of an experimental animal model. Virus inoculation of 21-day postnatal C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice led to a generalized infection of the whole CNS, demonstrating HCoV-OC43 neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence. This acute infection targeted neurons, which underwent vacuolation and degeneration while infected regions presented strong microglial reactivity and inflammatory reactions. Damage to the CNS was not immunologically mediated and microglial reactivity was instead a consequence of direct virus-mediated neuronal injury. Although this acute encephalitis appears generally similar to that induced by murine coronaviruses, an important difference rests in the prominent spongiform-like degeneration that could trigger neuropathology in surviving animals.
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SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-OCR43 were able to invade the murine CNS using the transcribrial route, infecting olfactory sensory neurons of the nasal cavity and passing to other neural cells, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 could use the same mechanism.
“In fact, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-OCR43 were able to invade the murine CNS using the transcribrial route, infecting olfactory sensory neurons of nasal cavity, and passing to other neural cells, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 could use the same mechanism [24, 35–37].”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Jacomy, H., & Talbot, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Talbot, Pierre J
- ORCID
- Talbot, Pierre J
- Venue
- Virology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 315
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-33
- ISSN
- 0042-6822 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7126296
- OpenAlex
- W1999566808
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3613 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Institute of Infection and Immunity
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- HCoV-OC43, neuroinvasion, neurotropism, neurovirulence, encephalitis, neuronal vacuolation, neurodegeneration, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, neuropathology, murine coronavirus, animal models, neurodegenerative diseases
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Inflammation, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microscopy, Electron, Spinal Cord, Vacuoles, Virulence, Coronavirus Infections, Encephalitis, Viral, Coronavirus OC43, Human, Mice
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