The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 93 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Indirect effects of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Long, E. R., Macdonald, D. D., Smith, S. L., & Calder, F. D. (1995) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/bf02472006 · Cited by 4,319
Food Web Complexity and Community Dynamics
Polis, G. A., & Strong, D. R. (1996) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/285880 · Cited by 2,109
Graphical Representation and Stability Conditions of Predator-Prey Interactions
Rosenzweig, M. L., & MacArthur, R. H. (1963) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/282272 · Cited by 2,049
Bertness, M. D., Gaines, S. D., & Hay, M. E. (2001) · Cited by 1,504
Trophic cascades revealed in diverse ecosystems
Pace, M. L., Cole, J. J., Carpenter, S. R., & Kitchell, J. F. (1999) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(99)01723-1 · Cited by 1,478
Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and Nearshore Ecosystems
Estes, J. A., Tinker, M. T., Williams, T. M., & Doak, D. F. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5388.473 · Cited by 1,263
THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF INDIRECT EFFECTS IN ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Wootton, J. T. (1994) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.25.110194.002303 · Cited by 1,151
A cross‐ecosystem comparison of the strength of trophic cascades
Shurin, J. B., Borer, E. T., Seabloom, E. W., Anderson, K., Blanchette, C. A., Broitman, B., Cooper, S. D., & Halpern, B. S. (2002) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00381.x · Cited by 973
Indirect Effects in Marine Rocky Intertidal Interaction Webs: Patterns and Importance
Menge, B. A. (1995) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/2937158 · Cited by 756
Partitioning Herbivory and Its Effects on Coral Reef Algal Communities
Carpenter, R. C. (1986) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/1942551 · Cited by 649
Cited by
Wildlife Ecotoxicology of Pesticides: Can We Track Effects to the Population Level and Beyond?
Köhler, H.-R., & Triebskorn, R. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1237591 · Cited by 911
Marine crude-oil biodegradation: a central role for interspecies interactions
McGenity, T. J., Folwell, B. D., McKew, B. A., & Sanni, G. O. (2012) · Aquatic Biosystems · doi:10.1186/2046-9063-8-10 · Cited by 430
Mendelssohn, I. A., Andersen, G. L., Baltz, D. M., Caffey, R. H., Carman, K. R., Fleeger, J. W., Joye, S. B., Lin, Q., Maltby, E., Overton, E. B., et al. (2012) · BioScience · doi:10.1525/bio.2012.62.6.7 · Cited by 331
Self-citationPandey, S., Parvez, S., Ansari, R. A., Ali, M., Kaur, M., Hayat, F., Ahmad, F., & Raisuddin, S. (2008) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2008.05.014 · Cited by 281
Significance of urban and agricultural land use for biocide and pesticide dynamics in surface waters
Wittmer, I. K., Bader, H.-P., Scheidegger, R., Singer, H., Lück, A., Hanke, I., Carlsson, C., & Stamm, C. (2010) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.01.030 · Cited by 281
Metadata
- Authors
- Fleeger, J. W., Carman, K. R., & Nisbet, R. M.
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 317
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 207-233
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2069070794
- Cited by
- 963
- References
- 93
- FWCI
- 10.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Indirect effects of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00141-4
- The paper
- Fleeger, J. W., Carman, K. R., & Nisbet, R. M. (2003). Indirect effects of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Science of The Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00141-4
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
