The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF INDIRECT EFFECTS IN ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Abstract
mutualism. interaction. Abstract Indirect effects occur when the impact of one species on another requires the presence of a third species. They can arise in two general ways: through linked chains of direct interactions, and when a species changes the interactions among species. Indirect eff ects have been uncovered largely by experimen tal studies that have monitored the response of many species and discovered unexpected results, although some studies have looked for specific indirect effects predicted from simple models. The char acteristics of such approaches make it likely that the many indirect effects remain uncovered, but the appli
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Brooks, J. L., & Dodson, S. I. (1965) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.150.3692.28 · Cited by 3,280
Cascading Trophic Interactions and Lake Productivity
Carpenter, S. R., Kitchell, J. F., & Hodgson, J. R. (1985) · BioScience · doi:10.2307/1309989 · Cited by 2,646
Food Webs: Linkage, Interaction Strength and Community Infrastructure
Paine, R. T. (1980) · The Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.2307/4220 · Cited by 1,824
Perturbation Experiments in Community Ecology: Theory and Practice
Bender, E. A., Case, T. J., & Gilpin, M. E. (1984) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1939452 · Cited by 1,245
Indirect Effects in Marine Rocky Intertidal Interaction Webs: Patterns and Importance
Menge, B. A. (1995) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/2937158 · Cited by 756
Turner, A. M., & Mittelbach, G. G. (1990) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1938636 · Cited by 352
Cited by
Wisz, M. S., Pottier, J., Kissling, W. D., Pellissier, L., Lenoir, J., Damgaard, C. F., Dormann, C. F., Forchhammer, M. C., Grytnes, J., Guisan, A., et al. (2013) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.2012.00235.x · Cited by 1,769
Indirect effects of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems
Fleeger, J. W., Carman, K. R., & Nisbet, R. M. (2003) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00141-4 · Cited by 963
The ecological importance of intraspecific variation
Des Roches, S., Post, D. M., Turley, N. E., Bailey, J. K., Hendry, A. P., Kinnison, M. T., Schweitzer, J. A., & Palkovacs, E. P. (2017) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0402-5 · Cited by 916
Biodiversity and ecosystem function: the consumer connection
Duffy, J. E. (2002) · Oikos · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.990201.x · Cited by 653
Community Structure Follows Simple Assembly Rules in Microbial Microcosms
Friedman, J., Higgins, L. M., & Gore, J. (2017) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0109 · Cited by 557
Metadata
- Authors
- Wootton, J. T.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1994-11
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 443-466
- ISSN
- 0066-4162 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121660347
- Cited by
- 1,151
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 24.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF INDIRECT EFFECTS IN ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.es.25.110194.002303
- The paper
- Wootton, J. T. (1994). THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF INDIRECT EFFECTS IN ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.25.110194.002303
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
