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Phylogenies of Glutathione Transferase Families
Abstract
The best known glutathione transferase family, with its class-alpha, -mu, -pi, -omega, -sigma, -theta, and -zeta subdivisions, is only one of four, or perhaps five, ancient protein families that conjugate glutathione or use a glutathione intermediate: (1) the cytoplasmic family, (2) the mitochondrial (kappa) family, (3) the microsomal (MAPEG) family, which may actually be two separate families, and (4) the fosphomycin/glyoxalase family. Although the cytoplasmic family is perhaps the most diverse, all four of these families have homologs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes; it is striking that at least three, and perhaps as many as five, different protein folds capable of binding and positioning glutathione for a nucleophilic attack emerged more than 2 billion years ago. This chapter presents phylogenies for the four (or five) glutathione transferase families, focusing on the statistical evidence for homology (and non-homology).
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“The six urchin theta-class GST genes are most closely related to vertebrate theta-class GSTs, rather than to the insect thetaclass GSTs, aiding the phylogenetic resolution of this widespread GST-family (Nebert and Vasiliou, 2004;Pearson, 2005).”
From The chemical defensome: Environmental sensing and response genes in the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome (2006) · cites this paper as Pearson, 2005
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pearson, W. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pearson, William R.
- ORCID
- Pearson, William R.
- Venue
- Methods in Enzymology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 401
- Pages
- 186-204
- ISSN
- 0076-6879 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1538865925
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 10.12
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- glutathione S-transferase, protein family phylogeny, glutathione conjugation, protein fold evolution, homology detection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cytoplasm, Multigene Family, Glutathione Transferase, Humans, Isoenzymes, Microsomes, Phylogeny, Thioredoxins, Evolution, Molecular
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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