The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Repetition and Memory
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Substantial behavioural evidence suggests that this latter voluntary, short-term rehearsal is not essential for spaced learning31,34.”
From The right time to learn: Mechanisms and optimization of spaced learning (2016) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“In humans, a number of cognitive models have been proposed to explain the superiority of spaced training or practice1,30, but no consensus has emerged as to their usefulness or generality31.”
From Computational design of enhanced learning protocols (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
Citations
Cites
Information Processing and Cognition: The Loyola Symposium
Brown, A. S., & Solso, R. L. (1976) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421430 · Cited by 2,398
Attention And Cognitive Control 1
Posner, M. I., & Snyder, C. R. R. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781032722450-4 · Cited by 2,264
The Discrimination of Visual Number
Kaufman, E., Lord, M. W., Reese, T. W., & Volkmann, J. (1949) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1418556 · Cited by 1,177
Recognition and retrieval processes in free recall.
Anderson, J. R., & Bower, G. H. (1972) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0033773 · Cited by 820
Analysis of rehearsal processes in free recall.
Rundus, D. (1971) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0031185 · Cited by 797
Coding Processes in Human Memory.
Melton, A. W., & Martin, E. (1973) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421959 · Cited by 795
Theories in Cognitive Psychology: The Loyola Symposium
Wallace, W. P., Laughlin, P. R., & Solso, R. L. (1975) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421683 · Cited by 726
Illusory correlation in observational report
Chapman, L. J. (1967) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80066-5 · Cited by 418
A Multicomponent Theory of The Memory Trace
Bower, G. H. (1967) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60515-0 · Cited by 366
Theoretical Implications of the Spacing Effect 1
Hintzman, D. L. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781032722375-5 · Cited by 364
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 390
Gaalen, A. E. J. V., Jaarsma, D. A. D. C., & Georgiadis, J. R. (2021) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/25637 · Cited by 27
Working-Memory Systems and Cognitive Development
Brainerd, C. J. (1983) · Springer series in cognitive development · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9490-7_4 · Cited by 26
Witzel, B., Görgen, R., Galuschka, K., Huemer, S., del Toro, I. C., Schulte‐Körne, G., & Moll, K. (2023) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2023.101842 · Cited by 25
Effects of spacing repetitions on children's memory
Toppino, T. C., & DeMesquita, M. (1984) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-0965(84)90081-x · Cited by 25
Gunner, C. K., Eisner, E., Watson, A. J. M., & Duncan, J. L. (2021) · Medical Education Online · doi:10.1080/10872981.2021.1954492 · Cited by 24
Unmixing effects of spacing on free recall.
Hall, J. W. (1992) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.18.3.608 · Cited by 24
On the relationship between categorical frequency estimation and cued recall
Greene, R. L. (1989) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03198461 · Cited by 24
Source-constrained retrieval influences the encoding of new information
Danckert, S. L., MacLeod, C. M., & Fernandes, M. A. (2011) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-011-0117-9 · Cited by 23
How Good Are Fast and Frugal Heuristics?
Gigerenzer, G., Czerlinski, J., & Martignon, L. F. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.033 · Cited by 24
Matzen, L. E., Taylor, E. G., & Benjamin, A. S. (2011) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2010.530271 · Cited by 23
Resistance of Personal Risk Perceptions to Debiasing Interventions
Weinstein, N. D., & Klein, W. M. P. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.019 · Cited by 24
Effects of orienting task, spacing of repetitions, and list context on judgments of frequency
Rowe, E. J., & Rose, R. J. (1977) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197393 · Cited by 23
Working toward a theoretical model for source comprehension in everyday discourse
Braasch, J. L. G., & Kessler, E. D. (2021) · Discourse Processes · doi:10.1080/0163853x.2021.1905393 · Cited by 22
Monzel, M., Handlogten, J., & Reuter, M. (2024) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105732 · Cited by 22
Kahana, M. J., Diamond, N. B., & Aka, A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190917982.013.2 · Cited by 25
Proctor, R. W. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.3.6.679 · Cited by 22
Negative effects of item repetition on source memory
Kim, K., Yi, D.-J., Raye, C. L., & Johnson, M. K. (2012) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-012-0196-2 · Cited by 21
The negative repetition effect.
Mulligan, N. W., & Peterson, D. J. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0031789 · Cited by 21
Arora, R. (1985) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.1985.11105055 · Cited by 21
Age differences in judging the frequency of events.
Warren, L. R., & Mitchell, S. A. (1980) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.16.2.116 · Cited by 21
Retrieval of item frequency information in a continuous memory task
Hockley, W. E. (1984) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197670 · Cited by 21
Memory for frequency: A comparison of two multiple-trace theories.
Hintzman, D. L., Grandy, C. A., & Gold, E. (1981) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.7.4.231 · Cited by 21
Self-citationFamiliarity with words modulates interhemispheric interactions in visual word recognition
Kim, S., Kim, J., & Nam, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.892858 · Cited by 20
Larson, J. R., & Harmon, V. M. (2007) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430207078692 · Cited by 20
Estimating the frequency of everyday events
Thompson, C. P., & Mingay, D. J. (1991) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.2350050605 · Cited by 20
The Weighing of Evidence and the Determinants of Confidence
Griffin, D., & Tversky, A. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.015 · Cited by 20
Extremely long-term memory and familiarity after 12 years
Larzabal, C., Tramoni, E., Muratot, S., Thorpe, S. J., & Barbeau, E. J. (2017) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2017.10.009 · Cited by 23
Rote rehearsal and spacing effects in the free recall of pure and mixed lists
Verkoeijen, P. P. J. L., & Delaney, P. F. (2007) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2007.07.006 · Cited by 19
Effects of spacing on memory for homogeneous lists.
Kahana, M. J., & Greene, R. L. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.19.1.159 · Cited by 19
What is the role of affect in the spacing effect?
Elmes, D. G., Dye, C. J., & Herdelin, N. J. (1983) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03213469 · Cited by 18
Remembering left-right orientation of pictures.
Bartlett, J. C., Gernsbacher, M. A., & Till, R. E. (1987) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.13.1.27 · Cited by 18
Theory-Driven Reasoning about Plausible Pasts and Probable Futures in World Politics
Tetlock, P. E. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.044 · Cited by 18
Sex Differences in the Effects of Speech Rate and Repetition on the Recall of Prose in Children
Riding, R., & Smith, D. M. (1981) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/0144341810010305 · Cited by 18
Alternating Task Modules in Isochronal Distributed Training of Complex Tasks
Goettl, B. P., Yadrick, R. M., Connolly-Gomez, C., Regian, J. W., & Shebilske, W. L. (1996) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/001872089606380213 · Cited by 17
Whitlow, J. W., & Estes, W. K. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.5.4.395 · Cited by 17
Retrospective reports on frequency judgments
Marx, M. H. (1985) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03330167 · Cited by 17
A Conditioning Analysis of Infant Memory
Fagen, J. W., & Rovee‐Collier, C. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7890-7_3 · Cited by 17
From Reflex to Memory: Molar Sequences in Pavlovian and Instrumental Conditioning
Tonneau, F. (1990) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03399542 · Cited by 16
Naveh‐Benjamin, M. (1990) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.2350040406 · Cited by 16
Remembering changes: repetition effects in face recollection
Mäntylä, T., & Cornoldi, C. (2002) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(01)00054-3 · Cited by 16
Mace, J. H., & Kruchten, E. A. (2022) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-022-01342-x · Cited by 15
Accuracy and Its Determinants in Distributional Assessment
Kane, J. S. (2000) · Human Performance · doi:10.1207/s15327043hup1301_3 · Cited by 15
Commensurability in memory for frequency
Hintzman, D. L., & Hartry, A. L. (1990) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/0749-596x(90)90049-6 · Cited by 15
Self-citationLaporte, M., Gjoreski, M., & Langheinrich, M. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3610892 · Cited by 18
Visitor perceptions of the outcomes of personal interpretation in Alberta’s Provincial Parks
Cook, K. J., Hvenegaard, G. T., & Halpenny, E. A. (2019) · Applied Environmental Education & Communication · doi:10.1080/1533015x.2019.1693309 · Cited by 14
Evidence for distinct genetic and environmental influences on fear acquisition and extinction
Purves, K. L., Krebs, G., McGregor, T., Constantinou, E., Lester, K. J., Barry, T. J., Craske, M. G., Young, K. S., Breen, G. D., & Eley, T. C. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721002580 · Cited by 15
Dixon, P., & Glover, S. (2004) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(03)45004-4 · Cited by 14
Kukushkin, N. V., Tabassum, T., & Carew, T. J. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2210478119 · Cited by 13
The Effects of Using Virtual Reality on Thai Word Order Learning
Watthanapas, N., Hao, Y., Ye, J., Hong, J., & Ye, J.-N. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13030517 · Cited by 13
The Persuasive Impact of Message Spacing
Malaviya, P., & Sternthal, B. (1997) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp0603_02 · Cited by 13
Marx, M. H. (1986) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03330543 · Cited by 13
FASTER: A Dynamic Fairness-assurance Strategy for Session-based Recommender Systems
Wu, Y., Cao, J., & Xu, G. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/3586993 · Cited by 12
A Developmental Evaluation of Frequency Memory for Actions Presented in Lists, Scripts, and Stories
Connolly, D. A. (1996) · Memory · doi:10.1080/096582196388942 · Cited by 12
Memory Search: A Matter of Time
Hockley, W. E. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370509-9.00157-1 · Cited by 13
On disregarding deviants: Exemplar typicality and person perception
Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. B., & Castelli, L. (1999) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-999-1016-0 · Cited by 12
Fang, N., Elgort, I., & Chen, Z. (2024) · Studies in Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.1017/s0272263124000184 · Cited by 11
Lieberman, J. S., Kyle, C. T., Schedlbauer, A. M., Stokes, J. D., & Ekstrom, A. D. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01081 · Cited by 11
van Teijlingen, T., Oudman, E., & Postma, A. (2021) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2021.1974891 · Cited by 11
Using latent class modeling to detect bimodality in spacing effect data
Verkoeijen, P. P. J. L., & Bouwmeester, S. (2007) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2007.09.005 · Cited by 11
Effects of Forced Exposure to a Hypothetical Population on False Consensus
Kulig, J. W. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167200267010 · Cited by 11
A comparison of forgetting rates in frequency discrimination and recognition
Hintzman, D. L., & Stern, L. D. (1984) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03333860 · Cited by 11
Self-citationMeasurement of Trace Strength in Memory for Pictures
Gaffan, D. (1978) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/14640747808400674 · Cited by 11
Mehta, R. K., Kang, J., Shi, Y., & Du, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1542507 · Cited by 10
A negative effect of repetition in episodic memory.
Peterson, D. J., & Mulligan, N. W. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0028220 · Cited by 10
Assessing Uncertainty in Physical Constants
Henrion, M., & Fischhoff, B. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.039 · Cited by 10
BRAND: Brand recognition and attitude norms database
Raffaelli, C., Bocchi, E., Estes, Z., & Adelman, J. S. (2024) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-024-02525-x · Cited by 11
MINERVA-DE: An instance model of the deficient processing theory
Collins, R. N., Milliken, B., & Jamieson, R. K. (2020) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2020.104151 · Cited by 9
Knabe, M. L., & Vlach, H. A. (2020) · Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.07.007 · Cited by 9
The Relative Benefits of Studying and Testing on Long-Term Retention
Roediger, H. L., III, & Nestojko, J. F. (2015) · doi:10.4324/9781315885582-12 · Cited by 9
The Use of Statistical Heuristics in Everyday Inductive Reasoning
Nisbett, R. E., Krantz, D. H., Jepson, C., & Kunda, Z. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.030 · Cited by 9
Multiple trace retrieval: A trace-to-trace retrieval process?
Overton, R. C., & Adolphson, C. J. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning & Memory · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.5.5.485 · Cited by 9
Properties of visual episodic memory following repeated encounters with objectsPreprint
Schurgin, M. W., & Flombaum, J. (2018) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.047167.117 · Cited by 10
Lifetime familiarity cue effects for autobiographical memory
Gurguryan, L., Yang, H., Köhler, S., & Sheldon, S. (2024) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-024-01968-3 · Cited by 8
Going beyond the spacing effect: Does it matter how time on a task is distributed?
Murphy, D. H., Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (2022) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218221113933 · Cited by 10
Adams, R. L., & Delaney, P. F. (2023) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2023.104415 · Cited by 8
A novel Episodic Associative Memory model for enhanced classification accuracy
Wickramasinghe, L. K., Alahakoon, L. D., & Smith‐Miles, K. (2007) · Pattern Recognition Letters · doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2007.02.012 · Cited by 8
A Proactive, Data-based Determination of the Standard of Medical Care in Pediatrics
MEADOW, W. L., & Lantos, J. D. (1998) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.101.4.e6 · Cited by 8
TEL Methods Used for the Learning of Clinical Neuroanatomy
Elmansouri, A., Murray, O., Hall, S., & Border, S. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47483-6_4 · Cited by 8
Support Theory: A Nonextensional Representation of Subjective Probability
Tversky, A., & Koehler, D. J. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.027 · Cited by 8
What to learn next?Content Selection Support in Mobile Game-based Learning
Schimanke, F., Mertens, R. G., & Vornberger, O. (2013) · E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education · Cited by 8
Changes in the Spacing Effect with Instructional Variables in Free Recall
Wright, J., & Brelsford, J. W. (1978) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421511 · Cited by 8
Time Distribution and the Acquisition of English as a Foreign Language
Serrano, R. (2007) · Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) · Cited by 8
Automatic Learning of the Frequencies of Occurrence of Stimulus Features
Kellogg, R. T., & Dowdy, J. C. (1986) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422308 · Cited by 8
Cognitive computational model reveals repetition bias in a sequential decision-making task
Legler, E., Rivera, D. C., Schwöbel, S., Wagner, B., & Kiebel, S. J. (2025) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-025-00271-0 · Cited by 7
Individual Differences in Free Recall: When Some People Remember Better Than Others
Ozier, M. (1980) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60164-4 · Cited by 7
Xu, X., Padilla, A. M., & Silva, D. M. (2012) · Language Learning Journal · doi:10.1080/09571736.2012.677054 · Cited by 7
Tetlock, P. E. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.034 · Cited by 7
Mulhem, H. A., Pilotti, M., Alaoui, K. E., & Kuhayli, H. A. A. (2019) · Religious Education · doi:10.1080/00344087.2019.1677987 · Cited by 7
Convergent evidence for a theory of rapid, automatic, and accurate sex ratio tracking
Brandner, J. L., Dillon, H., & Brase, G. L. (2020) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103161 · Cited by 8
Hierarchical inference as a source of human biases
Sharp, P. B., Fradkin, I., & Eldar, E. (2022) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-022-01020-0 · Cited by 7
Schul, Y., & Burnstein, E. (1985) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(85)90028-9 · Cited by 7
Psychologische Grundlagen des Urteilens und Entscheidens im Bürgerkontakt
Zaiser, B., Staller, M. S., & Körner, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-40118-4_19 · Cited by 6
Semantic-to-autobiographical memory priming: the role of cue repetition
Mace, J. H., Keller, S. R., & Ingle, K. E. (2024) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2024.2393782 · Cited by 4
Tonneau, F. (2005) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.007 · Cited by 6
Lidiastuti, A. L., Prihatin, J., & Iqbal, M. (2019) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/243/1/012094 · Cited by 6
The effects of degree of learning, meaning, and invidual differences on the feeling-of-knowing
Carroll, M., & Simington, A. (1986) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(86)90018-1 · Cited by 6
An Interactionist’s View of System Pathology
REASON, J. T. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-83091-4_22 · Cited by 6
Are presentation frequency and spatial numerosity distinct attributes of memory?
Hintzman, D. L. (1982) · Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society · doi:10.3758/bf03334814 · Cited by 6
Self-citationVarela, M. A. (2020) · Cronfa (Swansea University) · doi:10.23889/suthesis.53503 · Cited by 6
Word Repetition and Isolation are Intertwined in Children’s Early Language Experiences
Nencheva, M. L., Schwab, J. F., Lew‐Williams, C., & Fausey, C. M. (2024) · Open Mind · doi:10.1162/opmi_a_00172 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Hintzman, D. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Oregon (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hintzman, Douglas L.
- Venue
- Psychology of Learning and Motivation
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 1976
- Pages
- 47-91
- ISSN
- 0079-7421 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1442714200
- Cited by
- 388
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.73
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- repetition, memory, frequency judgment, exposure duration, input modality, spacing effect, serial position, retrieval cues, memory encoding
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review