The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Differential subjective effects of d-amphetamine by gender, hormone levels and menstrual cycle phase
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone interact with monoamines in ways that suggest the potential modulation of responses to psychoactive drugs by endogenous steroids, both between menstrual phases and between the sexes. The present study assessed the subjective and physiological effects of a single dose of D-amphetamine (AMPH; 15 mg oral) in healthy, normally cycling women (n=13), who received amphetamine and placebo (PL) during both the follicular and luteal phases of a single menstrual cycle, and in healthy men (n=7). Females reported greater amphetamine-induced subjective stimulation [Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI)-A, ARCI-MBG; Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) Feel Drug, Feel High, Want More] during the follicular phase than the luteal phase. Within the follicular phase, the magnitude of individuals' AMPH-induced stimulation was positively associated with baseline (predrug) salivary estradiol [r=+.55-.78; Profile of Mood States (POMS) Vigor, Positive Mood, Elation], and negatively associated with salivary progesterone [r=-.66-.68; POMS Friendliness; Subjective States Questionnaire (SSQ) Pleasant Sedation]. Sex differences also emerged. Males reported feeling greater AMPH-induced stimulation (ARCI-A, ARCI-MBG; DEQ Feel Drug, Want More) than females in the luteal phase. Thus, higher levels of estrogen and lower levels of progesterone are associated with greater subjective stimulation after AMPH in women, and these hormonal influences contribute to sex differences in amphetamine responding.
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“Additionally, during periods of low oestrogen, increased ADHD symptoms [30,41,91,92] and decreased response to psychostimulant medication [25,42,93,94,95] have been described.”
From A Female-Specific Treatment Group for ADHD—Description of the Programme and Qualitative Analysis of First Experiences (2024) · cites this paper as [95]
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Metadata
- Authors
- White, T. L., Justice, A. J. H., & de Wit, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- White, Tara L
- Venue
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-11
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 729-741
- ISSN
- 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2063675303
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA002812, T32DA007255)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000055)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- amphetamine, subjective effects, menstrual cycle, follicular phase, luteal phase, estrogen, progesterone, salivary estradiol, salivary progesterone, sex differences, stimulant effects, mood states, women
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Dextroamphetamine, Double-Blind Method, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Male, Menstrual Cycle, Progesterone, Sex Characteristics, Cross-Over Studies
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