The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A review of 25 long-term adolescent tobacco and other drug use prevention program evaluations
Abstract
Background Although the initial effectiveness of psychosocial strategies programming in preventing smoking and other drug abuse among adolescents has been well established through literature reviews and meta-analyses, much less evidence exists for the long-term follow-up success of these interventions. The primary goal of this paper, therefore, is to summarize the effectiveness of published program evaluation studies that have followed adolescents across the transitional period between junior high and high school for a period of at least 2 years. Methods Studies for inclusion in this review were accessed primarily through a computerized search of Medline, Healthstar, and PsychINFO databases. Intervention studies that met five core criteria were retained for review. Two authors independently abstracted data on study characteristics, methodology, and program outcomes. Results Search results yielded 25 studies suitable for examination. The majority of these studies reported significant program effects for long-term smoking, alcohol, and marijuana outcomes, while indicating a fairly consistent magnitude of program effects. Conclusions This review provides long-term empirical evidence of the effectiveness of social influences programs in preventing or reducing substance use for up to 15 years after completion of programming. However, this conclusion is still somewhat tenuous given the lack of significant program effects reported in several studies and the great variability that existed in the level of internal and external validity across all studies.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“One review suggested that there is some empirical evidence of the effectiveness of social influences programs in preventing or reducing substance use for up to 15 years after completion of programming.”
From Interventions for Adolescent Substance Abuse: An Overview of Systematic Reviews (2016) · cites this paper as [74]
In the citing paper
“However, this conclusion is prone to great variability in the level of internal and external validity across all studies [74].”
From Interventions for Adolescent Substance Abuse: An Overview of Systematic Reviews (2016) · cites this paper as [74]
Citations
Cites
Monitoring the Future: National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings
Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2003) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1037/e560352009-001 · Cited by 6,930
Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Miller, J. Y. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.64 · Cited by 5,428
Norcross, J. C., Krebs, P. M., & Prochaska, J. O. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20758 · Cited by 1,065
Kandel, D. B., Yamaguchi, K., & Chen, K. (1992) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1992.53.447 · Cited by 1,039
Botvin, G. J. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520380042033 · Cited by 913
School-Based Adolescent Drug Prevention Programs: 1998 Meta-Analysis
Tobler, N. S., Roona, M., Ochshorn, P., Marshall, D., Streke, A., & Stackpole, K. M. (2000) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1023/a:1021314704811 · Cited by 757
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Fisher, G. L., & Roget, N. A. (2009) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412964500.n301 · Cited by 718
Effectiveness of School-Based Drug Prevention Programs: A Meta-Analysis of the Research
Tobler, N. S., & Stratton, H. H. (1997) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1023/a:1024630205999 · Cited by 610
Botvin, G. J., Baker, E., Dusenbury, L., Tortu, S., & al, E. (1990) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.58.4.437 · Cited by 565
Hansen, W. B., & Graham, J. A. (1991) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(91)90039-7 · Cited by 560
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Flay, 1985, Psychosocial approaches to smoking prevention, Health Psychol, 4, 449, 10.1037/0278-6133.4.5.449 · DOI
- Abernathy, 1992, Preventing cigarette smoking among children, Can J Public Health, 83, 226
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–316 of 316
American Legal Issues in Addiction Treatment and Research
Willick, D. H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.041
Strack, R. W., Orsini, M. M., Ewald, D. R., & Scheier, L. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.019
Clinical and Research Methods in the Addictions
Sussman, S. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.008
Self-citation(2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118101056.refs
Levels of Analysis and Etiology
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.014
Ongoing and Future Research Directions
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.030
Sussman, S. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.002
Self-citationSrivastava, A. B., & Gold, M. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.033
The Effectiveness of Drug Use Prevention Programs on Substance Use among Slovak Schoolchildren
Pracana, C., & Wang, M. (2021) · doi:10.36315/2021padvii12
Schneiderman, N., SCHWARTZ, G. E. R., Raichle, K. A., Ewart, C. K., Helgeson, V. S., Johnsen, E. L., Cameron, L. D., Lawler, S., Stone, A. A., Broderick, J. E., et al. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-22557-9_19
Self-citationSussman, S. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.042
Self-citationYang, Z., Wang, Y., Xia, Y. R., de Guzman, M. R. T., & Wang, D. (2025) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2025.2592876
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the YASP Intervention: Adolescent Substance Use Outcomes
Brown, W. N. (2011) · The Scholars Repository - LLU (Loma Linda University)
An investigation into the risk and protective factors associated with youth offending
Vien, A. (2010) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Kaya, K., Aygün, A., Çam, D. F., & Yavuz, T. K. (2026) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics16193192
Depends who offers and where offered: the context of drug offers and first time cannabis use
Anamali, M. (2013) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Skara, S., & Sussman, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Skara, Silvana
- ORCID
- Sussman, Steve
- Venue
- Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-11
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 451-474
- ISSN
- 0091-7435 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2001903565
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › School Health and Nursing Education
- Keywords
- adolescent substance use prevention, tobacco use prevention, smoking prevention, alcohol prevention, cannabis use, psychosocial interventions, program evaluation
- MeSH terms
- Smoking Prevention, Adolescent, Community Health Services, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Research Design, School Health Services, Reproducibility of Results, Program Evaluation, Substance Abuse Treatment Centers, Adolescent Health Services, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Evidence-Based Medicine, Substance-Related Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
