The Interpretation of Position in a Morphogen Gradient as Revealed by Occupancy of Activin Receptors
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Xenopus blastula cells activate different mesodermal genes as a concentration-dependent response to activin, which behaves like a morphogen. To understand how cells recognize morphogen concentration, we have bound naturally labeled activin to cells and related this to choice of gene activation. We find that the increasing occupancy of a single receptor type can cause cells to switch gene expression. Cells sense ligand concentration by the absolute number of occupied receptors per cell (100 and 300 molecules of bound activin induce Xbra and Xgsc, respectively, i.e., 2% and 6% of the total receptors) and not by a ratio of occupied to unoccupied receptors. The long duration of occupancy explains a previously described ratchet effect. Our results suggest a new concept of morphogen gradient formation and interpretation that is particularly well suited to the needs of early development.
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Like activin-dependent receptor signaling in Xenopus, cells in the early embryo are responsive to different levels of activated Toll receptor.
“Thus, like activindependent receptor signaling in Xenopus (Dyson and Gurdon 1998), it appears that cells in the early embryo are responsive to different levels of activated Toll receptor.”
From Graded dorsal and differential gene regulation in the Drosophila embryo. (2009) · cites this paper as Dyson and Gurdon 1998
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- Authors
- Dyson, S., & Gurdon, J. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gurdon, J.B
- ORCID
- Gurdon, J.B
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 557-568
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2110126772
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 6.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Keywords
- activin, morphogen gradients, receptor occupancy, Xbra, ratchet effect, gene expression switching, early embryonic development
- MeSH terms
- Brachyury Protein, Animals, Blastocyst, DNA-Binding Proteins, Fetal Proteins, Inhibins, Ligands, Oligopeptides, Oocytes, Peptides, Repressor Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Transcription Factors, Xenopus, Signal Transduction, Transcriptional Activation, Receptors, Growth Factor, Homeodomain Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, T-Box Domain Proteins, Activins, Activin Receptors, Goosecoid Protein
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