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Effect of an Indo-Mediterranean diet on progression of coronary artery disease in high risk patients (Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study): a randomised single-blind trial
Abstract
Background The rapid emergence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in south Asian people is not explained by conventional risk factors. In view of cardioprotective effects of a Mediterranean style diet rich in alpha-linolenic acid, we assessed the benefits of this diet for patients at high risk of CAD.Methods We did a randomised, single-blind trial in 1000 patients with angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or surrogate risk factors for CAD. 499 patients were allocated to a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, walnuts, and almonds. 501 controls consumed a local diet similar to the step I National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) prudent diet.Findings The intervention group consumed more fruits, vegetables, legumes, walnuts, and almonds than did controls (573 g [SD 127] vs 231 g [19] per day p<0.001). The intervention group had an increased intake of whole grains and mustard or soy bean oil. The mean intake of alpha-linolenic acid was two-fold greater in the intervention group (1.8 g [SD 0.4] vs 0.8 g [0.2] per day, p<0.001). Total cardiac end points were significantly fewer in the intervention group than the controls (39 vs 76 events, p<0.001). Sudden cardiac deaths were also reduced (6 vs 16, p=0.015), as were non-fatal myocardial infarctions (21 vs 43, p<0.001). We noted a significant reduction in serum cholesterol concentration and other risk factors in both groups, but especially in the intervention diet group. In the treatment group, patients with pre-existing CAD had significantly greater benefits compared with such patients in the control group.Interpretation An Indo-Mediterranean diet that is rich in alpha-linolenic acid might be more effective in primary and secondary prevention of CAD than the conventional step I NCEP prudent diet.
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“In another randomized clinical trial, Singh and colleagues tested a “Indo-Mediterranean diet,” rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, walnuts, almonds, mustard, or soybean oil, in 1,000 Indian patients at high risk or with existing coronary heart disease, and found a significant reduction in total cardiac end points.”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Compared with patients randomized to a step I National Cholesterol Education Program prudent diet, those following the Indo-Mediterranean diet rich in α-linolenic acid experienced an approximate 50% reduction in the rate of nonfatal myocardial infarction and an approximate 60% reduction in the rate of sudden cardiac death (23).”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [23]
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“[46,47] However, the CORonary Diet Intervention with Olive oil and CV PREVention (CORDIOPREV) study [39] finally provided the evidence required, concluding that the MD was superior to the LFD in preventing major CV events.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, R. B., Dubnov, G., Niaz, M. A., Ghosh, S., Singh, R., Rastogi, S. S., Manor, O., Pella, D., & Berry, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre (IN)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Berry, Elliot M
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-11
- Volume
- 360
- Issue
- 9344
- Pages
- 1455-1461
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2093983853
- Cited by
- 663
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 57.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- expression_of_concern (2005-07-30)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- coronary artery disease, alpha-linolenic acid, dietary intervention, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, whole grains, nuts, fruits and vegetables, serum cholesterol, secondary prevention, South Asian populations
- MeSH terms
- Angina Pectoris, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Factors, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, Single-Blind Method, Disease Progression, Diet, Mediterranean
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