The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of an Indo-Mediterranean diet on progression of coronary artery disease in high risk patients (Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study): a randomised single-blind trial
Abstract
Background The rapid emergence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in south Asian people is not explained by conventional risk factors. In view of cardioprotective effects of a Mediterranean style diet rich in alpha-linolenic acid, we assessed the benefits of this diet for patients at high risk of CAD.Methods We did a randomised, single-blind trial in 1000 patients with angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or surrogate risk factors for CAD. 499 patients were allocated to a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, walnuts, and almonds. 501 controls consumed a local diet similar to the step I National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) prudent diet.Findings The intervention group consumed more fruits, vegetables, legumes, walnuts, and almonds than did controls (573 g [SD 127] vs 231 g [19] per day p<0.001). The intervention group had an increased intake of whole grains and mustard or soy bean oil. The mean intake of alpha-linolenic acid was two-fold greater in the intervention group (1.8 g [SD 0.4] vs 0.8 g [0.2] per day, p<0.001). Total cardiac end points were significantly fewer in the intervention group than the controls (39 vs 76 events, p<0.001). Sudden cardiac deaths were also reduced (6 vs 16, p=0.015), as were non-fatal myocardial infarctions (21 vs 43, p<0.001). We noted a significant reduction in serum cholesterol concentration and other risk factors in both groups, but especially in the intervention diet group. In the treatment group, patients with pre-existing CAD had significantly greater benefits compared with such patients in the control group.Interpretation An Indo-Mediterranean diet that is rich in alpha-linolenic acid might be more effective in primary and secondary prevention of CAD than the conventional step I NCEP prudent diet.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In another randomized clinical trial, Singh and colleagues tested a “Indo-Mediterranean diet,” rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, walnuts, almonds, mustard, or soybean oil, in 1,000 Indian patients at high risk or with existing coronary heart disease, and found a significant reduction in total cardiac end points.”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Compared with patients randomized to a step I National Cholesterol Education Program prudent diet, those following the Indo-Mediterranean diet rich in α-linolenic acid experienced an approximate 50% reduction in the rate of nonfatal myocardial infarction and an approximate 60% reduction in the rate of sudden cardiac death (23).”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [23]
Citations
Cites
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944
(2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200001203420301 · Cited by 8,663
Cardiovascular Survey Methods.
Rose, G., & Blackburn, H. (1968) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-69-6-1335_2 · Cited by 3,090
de Lorgeril, M., Salen, P., Martin, J.-L., Monjaud, I., Delaye, J., & Mamelle, N. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.6.779 · Cited by 2,910
Burr, M. L., Gilbert, J. F., Holliday, R. M., Elwood, P. C., Fehily, A. M., Rogers, S., Sweetnam, P. M., & Deadman, N. M. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90828-3 · Cited by 2,610
Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease
de Lorgeril, M., Renaud, S., Salen, P., Monjaud, I., Mamelle, N., Martin, J. L., Guidollet, J., Touboul, P., & Delaye, J. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92580-1 · Cited by 2,122
Micromethod for the direct determination of serum triglycerides.
Handel, E. V., & Zilversmit, D. B. (1957) · PubMed · Cited by 1,775
The Effect of Fruit and Vegetable Intake on Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
Joshipura, K. J., Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Rimm, E. B., Speizer, F. E., Colditz, G., Ascherio, A., Rosner, B., Spiegelman, D., et al. (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-12-200106190-00010 · Cited by 1,396
Siscovick, D. S. (1995) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530170043030 · Cited by 920
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 1996, Indian Consensus for prevention of hypertension and coronary artery disease. A scientific statement of the Indian society of hypertension and international college of nutrition, J Nutr Environ Med, 6, 309
- Singh, 1997, Validation of physical activity and socioeconomics status questionnaire in relation to food intakes for the Five City Study and proposed classification for Indians, J Assoc Physicians India, 45, 603
- Van Handel, 1957, Micromethod in the direct estimation of triglycerides, J Lab Clin Med, 60, 152
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kernan, W. N., Ovbiagele, B., Black, H. R., Bravata, D. M., Chimowitz, M. I., Ezekowitz, M. D., Fang, M. C., Fisher, M., Furie, K. L., Heck, D. V., et al. (2014) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000024 · Cited by 5,170
“Trials of the Mediterranean diet among patients with CAD, although not definitive, provide strong evidence for protection against recurrent vascular events.(251,252) The only definitive trial of the Mediterranean diet among patients without CVD enrolled patients at high risk and demonstrated a significant effect on th…”
BackgroundAdherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population
Trichopoulou, A., Costacou, T., Bamia, C., & Trichopoulos, D. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa025039 · Cited by 4,397
Esposito, K., Marfella, R., Ciotola, M., Di Palo, C., Giugliano, F., Giugliano, G., D'Armiento, M., D'Andrea, F., & Giugliano, D. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.12.1440 · Cited by 2,126
Sacco, R. L., Adams, R., Albers, G., Alberts, M. J., Benavente, O., Furie, K., Goldstein, L. B., Gorelick, P., Halperin, J., Harbaugh, R., et al. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000199147.30016.74 · Cited by 1,873
Esposito, K., Pontillo, A., Di Palo, C., Giugliano, G., Masella, M., Marfella, R., & Giugliano, D. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.14.1799 · Cited by 1,511
Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications
Fang, F. C., Steen, R. G., & Casadevall, A. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1212247109 · Cited by 1,232
“The Lancet and British Medical Journal expressed serious reservations about the validity of the Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study after the primary author was unable to present original records to document ethics review and informed consent (18, 19), yet the original articles have not been retracted (20, 21).”
BackgroundMediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer's disease
Scarmeas, N., Stern, Y., Tang, M., Mayeux, R., & Luchsinger, J. A. (2006) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20854 · Cited by 1,103
Wang, C., Harris, W. S., Chung, M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Balk, E. M., Kupelnick, B., Jordan, H. S., & Lau, J. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.1.5 · Cited by 980
Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection
Christ, A., Lauterbach, M., & Latz, E. (2019) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.020 · Cited by 907
Evidence-Based Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women
Mosca, L. J., Appel, L. J., Benjamin, E. J., Berra, K. A., Chandra‐Strobos, N., Fabunmi, R. P., Grady, D. G., Haan, C. K., Hayes, S. N., Judelson, D. R., et al. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000114834.85476.81 · Cited by 918
The Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Health: A Critical Review
Martínez-González, M. A., Gea, A., & Ruiz-Canela, M. (2019) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.313348 · Cited by 878
The Effects of Diet on Inflammation
Giugliano, D., Ceriello, A., & Esposito, K. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.03.052 · Cited by 842
Modified Mediterranean diet and survival: EPIC-elderly prospective cohort study
Trichopoulou, A., Orfanos, P., Norat, T., Bueno-de-Mesquita, B. H., Ocké, M. C., Peeters, P. H. M., van der Schouw, Y. T., Boeing, H., Hoffmann, K., Boffetta, P., et al. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38415.644155.8f · Cited by 789
Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms
Tosti, V., Bertozzi, B., & Fontana, L. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx227 · Cited by 762
“Compared with patients randomized to a step I National Cholesterol Education Program prudent diet, those following the Indo-Mediterranean diet rich in α-linolenic acid experienced an approximate 50% reduction in the rate of nonfatal myocardial infarction and an approximate 60% reduction in the rate of sudden cardiac d…”
Mediterranean Diet and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Scarmeas, N., Stern, Y., Mayeux, R., Manly, J. J., Schupf, N., & Luchsinger, J. A. (2009) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2008.536 · Cited by 757
“There is increasing recognition of vascular comorbidity regarding AD risk,(50,51) and there is strong evidence relating the MeDi to a lower risk of vascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia,(52,53) hypertension,(52-55) and coronary heart disease.(3,53,56,57) Therefore, the stronger effect of the MeDi for non-memory-i…”
BackgroundEffects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review
Balk, E. M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Chung, M., Kupelnick, B., Chew, P., & Lau, J. (2006) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.02.012 · Cited by 732
Singh, B., Parsaik, A. K., Mielke, M. M., Erwin, P. J., Knopman, D. S., Petersen, R. C., & Roberts, R. O. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-130830 · Cited by 700
“Another important pathway for the protective effect of MeDi could be due to the proposed cardio-protective role of MeDI, by lowering the risk of cardiovascular comorbidities, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease [38, 43, 44].”
BackgroundFatty acid profiles of 80 vegetable oils with regard to their nutritional potential
Dubois, V., Breton, S., Linder, M., Fanni, J., & Parmentier, M. (2007) · European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/ejlt.200700040 · Cited by 682
Delgado-Lista, J., Alcala-Diaz, J. F., Torres-Peña, J. D., Quintana-Navarro, G. M., Fuentes, F., Garcia-Rios, A., Ortiz-Morales, A. M., Gonzalez-Requero, A. I., Perez-Caballero, A. I., Yubero-Serrano, E. M., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00122-2 · Cited by 642
Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Abdelhamid, A. S., Brown, T. J., Brainard, J. S., Biswas, P., Thorpe, G., Moore, H. J., Deane, K. H., AlAbdulghafoor, F. K., Summerbell, C., Worthington, H. V., et al. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003177.pub3 · Cited by 647
“We initially included several studies into our wider data set (Singh 1992; Singh 1997a; Singh 1997b; Singh 2002), but we later excluded them due to expressions of concern published by the BMJ and The Lancet (BMJ 2005; Horton 2005; White 2005).”
ResultRolls, B. J., Ello-Martin, J. A., & Tohill, B. C. (2004) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00001.x · Cited by 630
Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Sacco, R. L., Adams, R. J., Albers, G. W., Alberts, M. J., Benavente, O., Furie, K. L., Goldstein, L. B., Gorelick, P. B., Halperin, J. L., Harbaugh, R. E., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circ.113.10.e409 · Cited by 539
Scientific Evidence of Interventions Using the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review
Serra‐Majem, L., Román, B., & Estruch, R. (2006) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00232.x · Cited by 583
Ψαλτοπούλου, Θ., Naska, A., Orfanos, P., Trichopoulos, D., Mountokalakis, T. D., & Trichopoulou, A. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.4.1012 · Cited by 524
“A Mediterranean diet is widely regarded as a health-promoting diet, in terms of both general and cardiovascular mortality (4, 6, 9, 37, 38).”
BackgroundOmega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio and Chronic Diseases
Simopoulos, A. P. (2004) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1081/fri-120028831 · Cited by 515
“In view of the evidence obtained from the Lyon Heart Study, Singh et al. (2002) carried out a study in which the experimental group received a Mediterranean diet of Crete similar to the diet used in the Lyon Heart Study.”
Anand, S. S., Hawkes, C., de Souza, R. J., Mente, A., Dehghan, M., Nugent, R., Zulyniak, M. A., Weis, T., Bernstein, A. M., Krauss, R. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.050 · Cited by 507
Acid-suppressive medication use and the risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia
Herzig, S. J. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.722 · Cited by 486
“Age, median (range), y 59 (18-106) 60 (18-107) .”
BackgroundInfluentialObesity and Inflammation: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Markers of Inflammation
Rodríguez-Hernández, H., Simental‐Mendía, L. E., Ramírez, G. R., & Reyes-Romero, M. A. (2013) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2013/678159 · Cited by 509
“Some interventional studies using Mediterranean diet and others characterized by increased intake of mustard or soybean oil, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains reduced the rate of cardiovascular disease with significant anti-inflammatory effect [120, 121].”
BackgroundA Walnut Diet Improves Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects
Ros, E., Núñez, I., Pérez-Heras, A., Serra, M., Gilabert, R., Casals, E., & Deulofeu, R. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000124477.91474.ff · Cited by 472
Grosso, G., Marventano, S., Yang, J., Micek, A., Pajak, A., Scalfi, L., Galvano, F., & Kales, S. N. (2017) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2015.1107021 · Cited by 456
Biological Activities of Phenolic Compounds Present in Virgin Olive Oil
Cicerale, S., Lucas, L., & Keast, R. (2010) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms11020458 · Cited by 467
“A lower prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers have been demonstrated in countries residing in the Mediterranean region in comparison to other parts of the world [1–9].”
BackgroundMediterranean Diet, Alzheimer Disease, and Vascular Mediation
Scarmeas, N., Stern, Y., Mayeux, R. P., & Luchsinger, J. A. (2006) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.63.12.noc60109 · Cited by 450
“At the same time, there is strong evidence relating the MeDi to lower risk of vascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia,(5,6) hypertension,(3,5-7) abnormal glucose metabolism,(3,6) and coronary heart disease.(6,8-10) Thus, vascular variables are likely to be in the causal pathway between MeDi and AD and should be con…”
BackgroundIzquierdo, M. S., Montero, D., Robaina, L., Caballero, M. J., Rosenlund, G., & Ginés, R. (2005) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.12.001 · Cited by 434
“, 1994, 1999), as well as cardiovascular and overall mortality rates (Singh et al., 2002).”
BackgroundAtkins and other low-carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss?
Astrup, A. V., Larsen, T. M., & Harper, A. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16986-9 · Cited by 429
Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Abdelhamid, A. S., Brown, T. J., Brainard, J. S., Biswas, P., Thorpe, G., Moore, H. J., Deane, K. H., AlAbdulghafoor, F. K., Summerbell, C., Worthington, H. V., et al. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003177.pub4 · Cited by 419
“Singh 2002 {published data only} Pella D, Dubnov G, Singh RB, Sharma R, Berry EM, Manor O. ECects of an Indo-Mediterranean diet on the omega-6/omega-3 ratio in patients at high risk of coronary artery disease: the Indian paradox.”
BackgroundResultBahorun, T., Luximon‐Ramma, A., Crozier, A., & Aruoma, O. I. (2004) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.1820 · Cited by 399
Mediterranean-style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Rees, K., Takeda, A., Martin, N., Ellis, L., Wijesekara, D., Vepa, A., Das, A., Hartley, L., & Stranges, S. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009825.pub3 · Cited by 422
Pomerleau, J., Lock, K., Knai, C., & McKee, M. (2005) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/135.10.2486 · Cited by 389
Evidence-Based Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women
Mosca, L. J., Appel, L. J., Benjamin, E. J., Berra, K. A., Chandra‐Strobos, N., Fabunmi, R. P., Grady, D. G., Haan, C. K., Hayes, S. N., Judelson, D. R., et al. (2004) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000114834.85476.81 · Cited by 342
α-Linolenic acid and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Pan, A., Chen, M., Chowdhury, R., Wu, J. H., Sun, Q., Campos, H., Mozaffarian, D., & Hu, F. B. (2012) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.044040 · Cited by 329
“A trial in India of an Indo-Mediterranean ALA-rich diet among 1000 patients with established CHD found similar results over a 1-y follow-up (58), but the interventions were not blinded and the validity of results from this group of investigators has been questioned (59).”
Are all n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids created equal?
Anderson, B. M., & David, W. L. (2009) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-8-33 · Cited by 344
Chemistry and Health of Olive Oil Phenolics
Cicerale, S., Conlan, X. A., Sinclair, A. J., & Keast, R. (2008) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408390701856223 · Cited by 343
“…types of cancer) and mortality (de Lorgeril et al., 1999; Fortes et al., 2003; Grasso et al., 2006; Herrera et al., 2001; Matalas et al., 2001; Singh et al., 2002; Stark and Madar, 2002; Trichopoulou et al., 2003; Visioli and Galli, 1995) and this has partially been explained by the…”
BackgroundMediterranean diet and Alzheimer disease mortality
Scarmeas, N., Luchsinger, J. A., Mayeux, R. P., & Stern, Y. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000277320.50685.7c · Cited by 324
α-Linolenic acid: Nutraceutical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluation
Kim, K., Nam, Y. A., Kim, H. S., Hayes, A. W., & Lee, B. (2014) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2014.05.009 · Cited by 324
Becerra-Tomás, N., Blanco Mejía, S., Viguiliouk, E., Khan, T., Kendall, C. W. C., Kahleova, H., Rahelić, D., Sievenpiper, J. L., & Salas-Salvadó, J. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2019.1565281 · Cited by 300
The French paradox: lessons for other countries
Ferrières, J. (2003) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.90.1.107 · Cited by 303
“randomised 605 French patients with CHD to either a diet rich in fruit, vegetables, nuts and α linolenic acid-rich margarine or their usual diet (a prudent Western diet). After two and four years, the intervention diet group had significantly reduced cardiovascular end points, although CHD risk factors were comparable…”
BackgroundNordmann, A. J., Suter, K., Bucher, H. C., Shai, I., Tuttle, K. R., Estruch, R., & Briel, M. (2011) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.04.024 · Cited by 322
The Mediterranean Diet: From an Environment-Driven Food Culture to an Emerging Medical Prescription
Lăcătușu, C.-M., Grigorescu, E.-D., Floria, M., Onofriescu, A., & Mihai, B. M. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16060942 · Cited by 323
“Patients following the “Indo-Mediterranean diet” had an approximately 60% reduction in the rate of cardiovascular death and an approximately 50% reduction in the risk for non-fatal myocardial infarction [45].”
BackgroundDiet and Alzheimer’s disease risk factors or prevention: the current evidence
Solfrizzi, V., Panza, F., Frisardi, V., Seripa, D., Logroscino, G., Imbimbo, B. P., & Pilotto, A. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.11.56 · Cited by 310
Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Abdelhamid, A. S., Brown, T. J., Brainard, J. S., Biswas, P., Thorpe, G. C., Moore, H. J., Deane, K. H., Summerbell, C. D., Worthington, H. V., Song, F., et al. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003177.pub5 · Cited by 295
Griffiths, K., Aggarwal, B. B., Singh, R. B., Buttar, H. S., Wilson, D. W., & Meester, F. D. (2016) · Diseases · doi:10.3390/diseases4030028 · Cited by 303
O'Keefe, J. H., & Cordain, L. (2004) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/79.1.101 · Cited by 289
n−3 Fatty acids and the metabolic syndrome
Carpentier, Y., Portois, L., & Malaisse, W. J. (2006) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1499s · Cited by 286
“Although diets with an increased content of plant -linolenic acid (18:3n 3, or ALA) appear largely beneficial in secondary cardiovascular prevention (41, 42), it is difficult to determine whether ALA has a direct effect on glucose or lipid homeostasis, on inflammation, or on antioxidant status.”
BackgroundWarensjö, E., Sundström, J., Vessby, B. O., Cederholm, T., & Risérus, U. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/88.1.203 · Cited by 281
“Ecologic studies, such as the Seven Countries Study (1); some prospective studies (2–5); some long-term intervention studies (6, 7); and secondary prevention studies (8, 9) suggest that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increase, whereas unsaturated fat decrease the risk of CHD.”
Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: A case for omega-3 index as a new risk factor
Harris, W. S. (2007) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2007.01.013 · Cited by 287
“In these two studies [19,20], the active agent(s) cannot be identified with confidence because so many dietary variables differed between groups.”
BackgroundRed Yeast Rice for Dyslipidemia in Statin-Intolerant Patients: A Randomized Trial
Becker, D. J., Gordon, R. Y., Halbert, S. C., French, B., Morris, P. B., & Rader, D. J. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-12-200906160-00006 · Cited by 275
Backer, G. D., Ambrosioni, E., Broch-Johnsen, K., Brotons, C., Cífková, R., Dallongeville, J., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Færgeman, O., Graham, I. D., Mancia, G., et al. (2003) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00149831-200312001-00001 · Cited by 273
Vincent-Baudry, S., Defoort, C., Gerber, M., Bernard, M., Verger, P., Helal, O., Portugal, H., Planells, R., Grolier, P., Amiot, M. J., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.5.964 · Cited by 274
“Interestingly, the reduction in LDL cholesterol after 3 mo tended to be greater with the Med diet (P 0.09 for time-by-group interaction) than with the low-fat diet, which agreed with the observations of the MARGARIN (20) and the Indo-Mediterranean (18) studies.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMetabolic and Vascular Effect of the Mediterranean Diet
Tuttolomondo, A., Simonetta, I., Daidone, M., Mogavero, A., Ortello, A., & Pinto, A. V. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20194716 · Cited by 283
“A recent meta-analysis [252] indicated that an absolute adherence to the Mediterranean diet, independently from the population analysed, defined a lower risk of stroke both ischemic and haemorrhagic (about 16% for each four points higher in the MedDiet Score).”
Jenkins, D. J. A., Kendall, C. W. C., Marchie, A., Faulkner, D. A., Wong, J. M., de Souza, R. J., Emam, A., Parker, T. L., Vidgen, E., Trautwein, E. A., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn.81.2.380 · Cited by 270
Mediterranean diet and survival among patients with coronary heart disease in Greece
Trichopoulou, A., Bamia, C., & Trichopoulos, D. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.8.929 · Cited by 266
Papadaki, A., Nolen‐Doerr, E., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12113342 · Cited by 286
“Six studies reported on the effect of the MD on pharmacologic treatment of MetSyn components and/or related comorbidities [47,48,53,62,68,91,93].”
BackgroundResultWhat is the role of α‐linolenic acid for mammals?
Sinclair, A. J., Attar‐Bashi, N. M., & Li, D. (2002) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-002-1008-x · Cited by 278
Iestra, J. A., Kromhout, D., van der Schouw, Y. T., Grobbee, D. E., Boshuizen, H. C., & van Staveren, W. A. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.503995 · Cited by 265
“40 Cohort studies in the general population have shown that mortality is 30% to 50% lower in normal-weight individuals than in their obese peers, 80 although this difference decreases with age.”
The influence of olive oil on human health: not a question of fat alone
Pérez‐Jiménez, F., Ruano, J., Pérez‐Martínez, P., Lopez‐Segura, F., & López‐Miranda, J. (2007) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200600273 · Cited by 262
The Mediterranean Diet and Mortality — Olive Oil and Beyond
Hu, F. B. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp030069 · Cited by 256
Therapeutic Benefits and Dietary Restrictions of Fiber Intake: A State of the Art Review
Ioniță-Mîndrican, C.-B., Ziani, K., Mititelu, M., Oprea, E., Neacșu, S. M., Moroșan, E., Dumitrescu, D. E., Roșca, A. C., Drăgănescu, D., & Negrei, C. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14132641 · Cited by 300
Mediterranean Diet, Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarkers, and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
Gu, Y., Luchsinger, J. A., Stern, Y., & Scarmeas, N. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-100897 · Cited by 253
“Similarly, vascular variables are also likely to be in the causal pathway between MeDi and AD considering the strong evidence relating the MeDi to lower risk of vascular risk factors [43], which may contribute to increased risk of AD [44].”
BackgroundBrouwer, I. A., Katan, M., & Zock, P. L. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.4.919 · Cited by 237
Culture: The missing link in health research
Singer, M. K., Dressler, W. W., George, S., Baquet, C. R., Bell, R. A., Burhansstipanov, L., Burke, N. J., Dibble, S. L., Elwood, W. N., Garro, L. C., et al. (2016) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.015 · Cited by 241
Managing Abnormal Blood Lipids
Fletcher, B. J., Berra, K. A., Ades, P., Braun, L. T., Burke, L. E., Durstine, J. L., Fair, J. M., Fletcher, G. F., Goff, D. C., Hayman, L. L., et al. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.169180 · Cited by 238
The association between Mediterranean diet adherence and Parkinson's disease
Alcalay, R. N., Gu, Y., Mejia‐Santana, H., Cote, L., Marder, K. S., & Scarmeas, N. (2012) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.24918 · Cited by 228
Diet and inflammation: a link to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases
Esposito, K., & Giugliano, D. (2005) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi605 · Cited by 236
Khan, S. U., Khan, M. U., Riaz, H., Valavoor, S., Zhao, D., Vaughan, L., Okunrintemi, V., Riaz, I. B., Khan, M. S., Kaluski, E., et al. (2019) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m19-0341 · Cited by 216
Flaxseed and Cardiovascular Risk
Bloedon, L. T., & Szapary, P. O. (2004) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00002.x · Cited by 217
Martínez-González, M. Á., & Sánchez-Villegas, A. (2004) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1023/b:ejep.0000013351.60227.7b · Cited by 215
“The Indo-Mediterranean Trial [33] found a 52% relative reduction in total cardiac endpoints with a experimental diet rich in fruit, vegetables, nuts, whole grains and mustard seed or soy bean oil.”
BackgroundEffects of the Mediterranean Diet on Cardiovascular Outcomes—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Liyanage, T., Ninomiya, T., Wang, A., Neal, B., Jun, M., Wong, M. G., Jardine, M., Hillis, G. S., & Perkovic, V. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159252 · Cited by 210
“Among these, 477 major cardiovascular events were reported from three trials[13,14,19] and 693 deaths from five trials[13,14,18–20].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHealth benefits of plant-derived α-linolenic acid
Rajaram, S. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.071514 · Cited by 223
Prevention and control of type 2 diabetes by Mediterranean diet: A systematic review
Esposito, K., Maiorino, M. I., Ceriello, A., & Giugliano, D. (2010) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2010.04.019 · Cited by 208
Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease
von Schacky, C. (2007) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e3280127af0 · Cited by 207
Nutritional strategies in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome
Feldeisen, S. E., & Tucker, K. L. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h06-101 · Cited by 213
“There is considerable evidence that a Mediterranean dietary pattern may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk (de Lorgeril et al. 1999; Singh et al. 2002), MetS (Esposito et al. 2004), and all-cause mortality (Trichopoulou et al. 2003).”
BackgroundDiet and risk of ischemic heart disease in India
Rastogi, T., Reddy, K. S., Vaz, M. A. P., Spiegelman, D. L., Prabhakaran, D., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., & Ascherio, A. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.4.582 · Cited by 207
Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: What Do We Know?
Salas‐Salvadó, J., Becerra‐Tomás, N., García-Gavilán, J. F., Bulló, M., & Barrubés, L. (2018) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.04.006 · Cited by 218
Alcohol Consumption and Risk for Coronary Heart Disease in Men With Healthy Lifestyles
Mukamal, K. J., Chiuve, S. E., & Rimm, E. B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.19.2145 · Cited by 197
“For example, we know of no clinical trials to support weight loss or smokingcessation for primary prevention of MI, and diet has primarily been tested in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD).(6,7) Because of the risks associated with high alcohol intake, clinical guidelines generally do not recommend…”
MethodDietary enrichment of edible insects with omega 3 fatty acids
Oonincx, D. G. A. B., Laurent, S., Veenenbos, M., & van Loon, J. J. A. (2019) · Insect Science · doi:10.1111/1744-7917.12669 · Cited by 208
“Later studies included the plant based fatty acid C18:3n3 (alphalinolenic acid; ALA) and indicated that also ALA can be an effective way to achieve desired health effects in humans (Mantzioris et al., 2000; Bemelmans et al., 2002; Singh et al., 2002; Zhao et al., 2004; Campos et al., 2008).”
BackgroundA Quantitative Analysis of Fish Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality
König, A., Bouzan, C., Cohen, J. T., We, C., Kris‐Etherton, P. M., Gray, G. C., LAWRENCE, R., Savitz, D. A., & Teutsch, S. M. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.07.001 · Cited by 192
Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review
Grosso, G., Mistretta, A., Frigiola, A., Gruttadauria, S., Biondi, A., Basile, F., Vitaglione, P., D’Orazio, N., & Galvano, F. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.596955 · Cited by 196
“In fact, several works did not include in their definition some key components of the diet such as olive oil, nuts, or wholegrain cereals (Singh et al., 2002), or they focused the intervention only on one of these components (Estruch et al., 2006; Fito et al., 2007; SalasSalvado et al., 2008a,…”
BackgroundInfluentialMicrobiome-Mediated Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Inflammation
Bailey, M. A., & Holscher, H. D. (2018) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmy013 · Cited by 196
Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Faulkner, D. A., Nguyen, T., Kemp, T., Marchie, A., Wong, J. M., de Souza, R., Emam, A., Vidgen, E., et al. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn.83.3.582 · Cited by 184
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and Alzheimer’s disease risk in an Australian population
Gardener, S. L., Gu, Y., Rainey‐Smith, S. R., Keogh, J. B., Clifton, P. M., Mathieson, S., Taddei, K., Mondal, A., Ward, V., Scarmeas, N., et al. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.91 · Cited by 186
Lasa, A., Miranda, J., Bulló, M., Casas, R. M., Salas‐Salvadó, J., Larretxi, I., Estruch, R., Ruíz-Gutiérrez, V., & Portillo, M. P. (2014) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.1 · Cited by 185
Dietary fats, carbohydrate, and progression of coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women
Mozaffarian, D., Rimm, E. B., & Herrington, D. M. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1175 · Cited by 183
“Lyon Diet-Heart, 1994 (46) 61 women, 544”
Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations
Geleijnse, J. M. (2004) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/14.3.235 · Cited by 183
Kabboul, N. N., TOMLINSON, G. A., Francis, T., Grace, S. L., Chaves, G., Rac, V. E., Daou-Kabboul, T., BIELECKI, J. M., Alter, D. A., & Krahn, M. D. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7120514 · Cited by 185
What do review papers conclude about food and dietary patterns?
Wirfält, E., Drake, I., & Wallström, P. (2013) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.3402/fnr.v57i0.20523 · Cited by 178
The Health Benefiting Mechanisms of Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds
Parkinson, L., & Cicerale, S. (2016) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules21121734 · Cited by 183
Mediterranean Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Health
Shen, J., Wilmot, K. A., Ghasemzadeh, N., Molloy, D. L., Burkman, G. M., Mekonnen, G., Góngora, M. C., Quyyumi, A. A., & Sperling, L. S. (2015) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-011215-025104 · Cited by 179
Kremmyda, L.-S., TVRZICKÁ, E., Staňková, B., & Žák, A. (2011) · Biomedical Papers · doi:10.5507/bp.2011.052 · Cited by 181
Viguiliouk, E., Kendall, C. W. C., Mejía, S. B., Cozma, A. I., Ha, V., Mirrahimi, A., Jayalath, V. H., Augustin, L. S. A., Chiavaroli, L., Leiter, L. A., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103376 · Cited by 177
“In a systematic review of 5 randomized controlled trials [39], as well as several individual randomized controlled trials [40–43] including people with type 2 diabetes, a Mediterranean dietary pattern emphasizing nuts showed decreases in HbA1c (from 20.”
BackgroundUsefulness of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease
Harper, C. R., & Jacobson, T. A. (2005) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.07.071 · Cited by 164
Metadata
- Authors
- Singh, R. B., Dubnov, G., Niaz, M. A., Ghosh, S., Singh, R., Rastogi, S. S., Manor, O., Pella, D., & Berry, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre (IN)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Berry, Elliot M
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-11
- Volume
- 360
- Issue
- 9344
- Pages
- 1455-1461
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W2093983853
- Cited by
- 663
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 57.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- expression_of_concern (2005-07-30)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- coronary artery disease, alpha-linolenic acid, dietary intervention, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, whole grains, nuts, fruits and vegetables, serum cholesterol, secondary prevention, South Asian populations
- MeSH terms
- Angina Pectoris, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Factors, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, Single-Blind Method, Disease Progression, Diet, Mediterranean
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
