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The rising incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes and reduced contribution of high-risk HLA haplotypes

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Gillespie, Kathleen M, Bain, Steven C, Barnett, Anthony H, Bingley, Polly J, Christie, Michael R, Gill, Geoffrey V, Gale, Edwin AM·2004·The Lancet

DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17357-1

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Abstract

The incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes has risen over the past 50 years. We compared the frequency of HLA class II haplotypes in 194 patients diagnosed more than 50 years ago and 582 age-matched and sex-matched individuals diagnosed between 1985 and 2002. The proportion of high-risk susceptibility genotypes was increased in the earlier cohort (p=0.003), especially in those diagnosed at age 5 years or younger, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the rise of type 1 diabetes is due to a major environmental effect.

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Authors: Gillespie, K. M., Bain, S. C., Barnett, A. H., Bingley, P. J., Christie, M. R., Gill, G. V., & Gale, E. A.
Affiliations: University of Bristol (GB)
Heartlands Hospital (GB)
King's College Hospital (GB)
University of Liverpool (GB)
Corresponding author: Gale, Edwin AM
ORCID: Gillespie, Kathleen M
Barnett, Anthony H
Christie, Michael R
Gill, Geoffrey V
Venue: The Lancet
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-11
Volume: 364
Issue: 9446
Pages: 1699-1700
ISSN: 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
0140-6736
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17357-1
OpenAlex: W2097150236
Cited by: 304
References: 9
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 7.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Lancet (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln) (acceptedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Diabetes UK
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: type 1 diabetes in children, incidence trends, HLA class II haplotypes, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR, genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, age of onset, genetic epidemiology
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Genotype, Haplotypes, HLA-DQ Antigens, HLA-DR Antigens, Humans, Risk, Incidence, Age of Onset, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, HLA-DRB1 Chains, HLA-DQ alpha-Chains, HLA-DQ beta-Chains

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The rising incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes and reduced contribution of high-risk HLA haplotypes

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