The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 124 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anxiety
Abstract
Anxiety disorders (separation anxiety disorder, selective mutism, specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalised anxiety disorder) are common and disabling conditions that mostly begin during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. They differ from developmentally normative or stress-induced transient anxiety by being marked (ie, out of proportion to the actual threat present) and persistent, and by impairing daily functioning. Most anxiety disorders affect almost twice as many women as men. They often co-occur with major depression, alcohol and other substance-use disorders, and personality disorders. Differential diagnosis from physical conditions-including thyroid, cardiac, and respiratory disorders, and substance intoxication and withdrawal-is imperative. If untreated, anxiety disorders tend to recur chronically. Psychological treatments, particularly cognitive behavioural therapy, and pharmacological treatments, particularly selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitors, are effective, and their combination could be more effective than is treatment with either individually. More research is needed to increase access to and to develop personalised treatments.
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In the citing paper
“Evidence suggests that CBT or medication can modify the cascade of responses to real or perceived threat – CBT by altering behavioral avoidance and information processing related to threat detection and coping [56, 57], and medication by altering neurotransmitter levels that affect the function and structure of brain circuits [58–60].”
From A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) study of medication and CBT sequencing in the treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“It is highly probable, however, that those mechanisms are initiated by the effects that medication has on altering neurotransmitter levels, which in turn affect the function and structure of brain circuits [58–60].”
From A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) study of medication and CBT sequencing in the treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“Anxiety disorders are common mental-health problems that are burdensome for sufferers and health services [1].”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Treatments include medication and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT); however, many anxiety sufferers fail to respond, or relapse [1,2].”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are first-line pharmacological treatments for people with major depressive disorder (MDD) [1] and anxiety disorders [2].”
From Antidepressant side effects and their impact on treatment outcome in people with major depressive disorder: an iSPOT-D report (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Recent evidence suggests that changes in ovarian hormone levels, especially biological factors such as decreased estrogen, may contribute to increased risk for depression in women [81].”
From Effect of Caffeine Consumption on the Risk for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Sex Differences in Human (2020) · cites this paper as [81]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Craske, M. G., & Stein, M. B.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Craske, Michelle G
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 388
- Issue
- 10063
- Pages
- 3048-3059
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W4210958358
- Semantic Scholar
- ce576378da8a40906943b52ca22d4d6fc023fb08
- Cited by
- 640
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 5.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, separation anxiety disorder, selective mutism, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, comorbid depression, substance use disorders, differential diagnosis, cognitive behavioral therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, combination therapy, personalized treatment
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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