Cited by 640Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychological Treatments and Disorders

Anxiety

Craske, Michelle G, Stein, Murray B·2016·The Lancet

Abstract

Anxiety disorders (separation anxiety disorder, selective mutism, specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalised anxiety disorder) are common and disabling conditions that mostly begin during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. They differ from developmentally normative or stress-induced transient anxiety by being marked (ie, out of proportion to the actual threat present) and persistent, and by impairing daily functioning. Most anxiety disorders affect almost twice as many women as men. They often co-occur with major depression, alcohol and other substance-use disorders, and personality disorders. Differential diagnosis from physical conditions-including thyroid, cardiac, and respiratory disorders, and substance intoxication and withdrawal-is imperative. If untreated, anxiety disorders tend to recur chronically. Psychological treatments, particularly cognitive behavioural therapy, and pharmacological treatments, particularly selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitors, are effective, and their combination could be more effective than is treatment with either individually. More research is needed to increase access to and to develop personalised treatments.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30381-6

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122 of 122 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Craske, M. G., & Stein, M. B.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author
Craske, Michelle G
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-12
Volume
388
Issue
10063
Pages
3048-3059
ISSN
  • 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
  • 0140-6736
OpenAlex
W4210958358
Cited by
640
References
124
Citations by year
2026: 53 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 3 · 2013: 1
FWCI
5.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Lancet (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
Keywords
anxiety disorders, separation anxiety disorder, selective mutism, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, comorbid depression, substance use disorders, differential diagnosis, cognitive behavioral therapy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, combination therapy, personalized treatment
MeSH terms
Anxiety Disorders, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

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