Increased reporting of fatal immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis
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ICI myocarditis is an infrequent but potentially fatal condition associated with ICI therapies, especially when used in combination.
“ICI myocarditis emerges as an infrequent but potentially fatal condition associated with ICI therapies, especially when used in combination”
From Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks. (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
In the paper’s main text (page unavailable), the authors report 101 severe ICI-associated myocarditis cases and a high mortality rate, with severe cases more frequent under combination PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade. The copy does not establish that ICI myocarditis is infrequent overall; a safety-case series does not provide its incidence among treated patients. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredICI targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4 is clinically effective in enhancing T-cell-mediated antitumor responses.
“Although proving to be clinically effective in enhancing T-cell-mediated antitumor responses”
From Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks. (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
The opening section (page not provided) says immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically improved clinical outcomes in multiple cancer types, supporting the clinical-effectiveness part. It discusses PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade but does not state that the benefit comes from enhancing T-cell-mediated antitumor responses. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredirAEs affect a broad spectrum of organs, including the colon, liver, lungs, heart, nervous system, skin, and endocrine system.
“These events, which can be severe with combination immunotherapies, affect a broad spectrum of organs, including the colon, liver, lungs, heart, nervous system, skin, and endocrine system.5, 6, 7, 8”
From irAE-GPT: leveraging large language models to identify immune-related adverse events in electronic health records and clinical trial datasets (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
In “Rapid increase in reporting of fatal immune checkpoint inhibitor associated myocarditis” (page not provided), the paper documents heart involvement, reports myasthenia gravis among concurrent severe irAEs, and finds higher myocarditis fatality with combination therapy. It does not describe irAEs affecting the colon, liver, lungs, skin, or endocrine system, so it does not support the full organ list. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredImmune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with myocarditis.
“immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which activate the immune system and have proven effective in therapies, are associated with myocarditis”
From Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks. (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
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Cites
Cardiotoxicity associated with CTLA4 and PD1 blocking immunotherapy
Heinzerling, L., Ott, P. A., Hodi, F. S., Husain, A. N., Tajmir-Riahi, A., Tawbi, H., Pauschinger, M., Gajewski, T. F., Lipson, E. J., & Luke, J. J. (2016) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1186/s40425-016-0152-y · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- [1]Wolchok JD. PD-1 Blockers. Cell 2015; 162(5): 937. 26317459
- [2]Johnson DB, Balko JM, Compton ML, Fulminant Myocarditis with Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade. The New England journal of medicine 2016; 375(18): 1749– 55. 27806233 PMC5247797
- [4]Escudier M, Cautela J, Malissen N, Clinical Features, Management, and Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Cardiotoxicity. Circulation 2017; 136(21): 2085– 7. 29158217
- [5]Lindquist M VigiBase, the WHO Global ICSR Database System: Basic Facts. Drug Inf J 2008; 42(5): 409– 19.
Cited by
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Self-citationThompson, J. A., Schneider, B. J., Brahmer, J., Andrews, S., Armand, P., Bhatia, S., Budde, L. E., Costa, L., Davies, M., Dunnington, D., et al. (2019) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2019.0013 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
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Abatacept for Severe Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Associated Myocarditis
Salem, J.-E., Allenbach, Y., Vozy, A., Brechot, N., Johnson, D. B., Moslehi, J. J., & Kerneis, M. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1901677 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Self-citationWei, S. C., Meijers, W. C., Axelrod, M. L., Anang, N.-A. A. S., Screever, E. M., Wescott, E. C., Johnson, D. B., Whitley, E., Lehmann, L., Courand, P.-Y., et al. (2021) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0856 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
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Self-citationAlemtuzumab for Immune-Related Myocarditis Due to PD-1 Therapy
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Autoimmune Myocarditis, Old Dogs and New Tricks.
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- Authors
- Moslehi, J. J., Salem, J.-E., Sosman, J. A., Lebrun-Vignes, B., & Johnson, D. B.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Johnson, Douglas B
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 391
- Issue
- 10124
- Pages
- 933
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC6668330
- OpenAlex
- W2793167197
- Cited by
- 942
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 101 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 103 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 125 · 2020: 132 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 42 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 37.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (K23CA204726, K12CA090625)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Keywords
- immune checkpoint inhibitors, myocarditis, immune-related adverse events, drug safety reporting, fatal outcome, VigiBase, adverse event monitoring, cancer immunotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humans, Myocarditis
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