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Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide vs emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (DISCOVER) primary results from a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial
Open accessAbstract
Background Tenofovir alafenamide shows high antiviral efficacy and improved renal and bone safety compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate when used for HIV treatment. Here, we report primary results from a blinded phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide versus emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV prevention.Methods This study is an ongoing, randomised, double-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial done at 94 community, public health, and hospital-associated clinics located in regions of Europe and North America, where there is a high incidence of HIV or prevalence of people living with HIV, or both. We enrolled adult cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women who have sex with men, both with a high risk of acquiring HIV on the basis of their self-reported sexual behaviour in the past 12 weeks or their recent history (within 24 weeks of enrolment) of bacterial sexually transmitted infections. Participants with current or previous use of PrEP with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were not excluded. We used a computer-generated random allocation sequence to randomly assign (1:1) participants to receive either emtricitabine (200 mg) and tenofovir alafenamide (25 mg) tablets daily, with matched placebo tablets (emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide group), or emtricitabine (200 mg) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300 mg) tablets daily, with matched placebo tablets (emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group). As such, all participants were given two tablets. The trial sponsor, investigators, participants, and the study staff who provided the study drugs, assessed the outcomes, and collected the data were masked to group assignment. The primary efficacy outcome was incident HIV infection, which was assessed when all participants had completed 48 weeks of follow-up and half of all participants had completed 96 weeks of follow-up. This full analysis set included all randomly assigned participants who had received at least one dose of the assigned study drug and had at least one post-baseline HIV test. Non-inferiority of emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide to emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was established if the upper bound of the 95·003% CI of the HIV incidence rate ratio (IRR) was less than the prespecified non-inferiority margin of 1·62. We prespecified six secondary bone mineral density and renal biomarker safety endpoints to evaluate using the safety analysis set. This analysis set included all randomly assigned participants who had received at least one dose of the assigned study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02842086, and is no longer recruiting.Findings Between Sept 13, 2016, and June 30, 2017, 5387 (92%) of 5857 participants were randomly assigned and received emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide (n=2694) or emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (n=2693). At the time of the primary efficacy analysis (ie, when all participants had completed 48 weeks and 50% had completed 96 weeks) emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide was non-inferior to emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV prevention, as the upper limit of the 95% CI of the IRR, was less than the prespecified non-inferiority margin of 1·62 (IRR 0·47 [95% CI 0·19-1·15]). After 8756 person-years of follow-up, 22 participants were diagnosed with HIV, seven participants in the emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide group (0·16 infections per 100 person-years [95% CI 0·06-0·33]), and 15 participants in the emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group (0·34 infections per 100 person-years [0·19-0·56]). Both regimens were well tolerated, with a low number of participants reporting adverse events that led to discontinuation of the study drug (36 [1%] of 2694 participants in the emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide group vs 49 [2%] of 2693 participants in the emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group). Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide was superior to emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in all six prespecified bone mineral density and renal biomarker safety endpoints.Interpretation Daily emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide shows non-inferior efficacy to daily emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV prevention, and the number of adverse events for both regimens was low. Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide had more favourable effects on bone mineral density and biomarkers of renal safety than emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.Funding Gilead Sciences.
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“The successful development and widespread adoption of these prophylactics has been considered a public health triumph, drastically reducing the spread of HIV, and dramatically improving quality of life (Mayer et al., 2020).”
From The Need for Biological Countermeasures to Mitigate the Risk of Space Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, and Central Nervous System Deficiencies (2022) · cites this paper as Mayer et al., 2020
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“For example, individuals at high-risk of contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) routinely take the prophylactic tenofovir with emtricitabine formulations (daily oral administration) that prevent (and treat) HIV infection.”
From The Need for Biological Countermeasures to Mitigate the Risk of Space Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, and Central Nervous System Deficiencies (2022) · cites this paper as Mayer et al., 2020
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“This paradigm has since evolved, as prophylactic compound approaches have been shown to improve health outcomes in healthy populations which are at risk.”
From The Need for Biological Countermeasures to Mitigate the Risk of Space Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, and Central Nervous System Deficiencies (2022) · cites this paper as Mayer et al., 2020
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MethodIs tenofovir disoproxil fumarate associated with weight loss?
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“ISL has moved into phase 3 trials, including Impower 022, where it is being tested among cis-gender women in Africa and the United States, with TDF/FTC as a comparator.”
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“…technical assistance, agency capacity to provide transportation to patients, and the ability to integrate gender-affirming care into PrEP services or vice versa may each increase PrEP uptake among transgender patients (Carter et al. Jr 2022; McMahan et al. 2020; Sevelius, Keatley, et al., 2016).”
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“The model predicted a higher incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes on the dolutegravir arms, 77 per 1000 on the tenofovir AF/ emtricitabine + dolutegravir arm and 41 per 1000 on the tenofovir DF/emtricitabine + dolutegravir arm compared with the efavirenz arm (7 per 1000) [88].”
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BackgroundWhelan, I., Strachan, S., Apea, V., Orkin, C. M., & Paparini, S. (2023) · The Lancet HIV · doi:10.1016/s2352-3018(23)00080-2 · Cited by 32
Retrotransposons are co-opted to activate hematopoietic stem cells and erythropoiesis
Phan, J., Chen, B., Zhao, Z., Allies, G., Iannaccone, A., Paul, A., Cansiz, F., Spina, A., Leven, A., Gellhaus, A., et al. (2024) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.ado6836 · Cited by 31
“To test if reverse transcription contributed to HSC activation and erythropoiesis, we treated non-pregnant and pregnant mice with tenofovir and emtricitabine, reverse transcriptase inhibitors that are used clinically to suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication (37).”
Copertino, D. C., Lima, B. C. C., Duarte, R. R. R., Powell, T. R., Ormsby, C. E., Wilkin, T. J., Gulick, R. M., Rougvie, M. D. M., & Nixon, D. F. (2021) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2021.1901144 · Cited by 28
Martínez‐Sanz, J., Villar, S. S., Muriel, A., García-Fraile, L. J., Orviz, E., de, Á. M., Campins, A. A., & Moreno, S. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac621 · Cited by 29
Bunting, S. R., Feinstein, B. A., Hazra, A., Sheth, N. K., & Garber, S. S. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101590 · Cited by 28
Little, K. M., Flomen, L., Hanif, H., Anderson, S. M., Thurman, A. R., Clark, M. R., & Doncel, G. F. (2022) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-022-03658-w · Cited by 28
Martínez‐Sanz, J., Blanco, J. R., Muriel, A., Pérez-Elı́as, M. J., Rubio‐Martín, R., Berenguer, J., Peraire, J., Bernal, E., Martínez, O. J., Villar, S. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of the International AIDS Society · doi:10.1002/jia2.25732 · Cited by 25
Teixeira, S. L., Jalil, C. M., Jalil, E. M., Nazer, S., Silva, S. D. C. C., Veloso, V. G., Luz, P. M., & Grinsztejn, B. G. J. (2021) · Journal of the International AIDS Society · doi:10.1002/jia2.25743 · Cited by 27
“Currently, several agents have been proven effective for use as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among MSM and TGW [2-4].”
BackgroundInfluentialSchmidt, D., Kollan, C., Gunsenheimer‐Bartmeyer, B., Bremer, V., Schikowski, T., Friebe, M., Schellberg, S., Scholten, S., Bickel, M., Hanhoff, N., et al. (2022) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-022-01919-3 · Cited by 27
“Adverse reactions played only a minimal role, as seen in other studies [6, 23].”
ResultImpact of Combination Antiretroviral Treatment on Liver Metabolic Health in HIV-Infected Persons
Biały, M., Czarnecki, M., & Inglot, M. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15122432 · Cited by 30
“The second generation of NRTIs, including tenofovir, has a much safer profile [35].”
BackgroundEvidence gaps on weight gain in people living with HIV: a scoping review to define a research agenda
Guaraldi, G., Bonfanti, P., Biagio, A. D., Gori, A., Milić, J., Saltini, P., Segala, F. V., Squillace, N., Taramasso, L., & Cingolani, A. (2023) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08174-3 · Cited by 27
“Finally, in a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) study in people living without HIV taking TAF or TDF along with FTC, there was a difference of + 1 kg in the TAF/FTC arm [107].”
BackgroundMurphy, L., Bowra, A., Adams, E., Cabello, R. L., Clark, J. L., Konda, K. A., & Perez‐Brumer, A. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease · doi:10.1177/20499361231164030 · Cited by 27
A Review of Recent HIV Prevention Interventions and Future Considerations for Nursing Science
Threats, M., Brawner, B. M., Montgomery, T. M., Abrams, J. A., Jemmott, L. S., Crouch, P.-C., Freeborn, K., Kamitani, E., & Enah, C. C. (2021) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1097/jnc.0000000000000246 · Cited by 26
“…text on job openings, educational sessions on HIV prevention, and $11,000 start-up grant) on sexual risk behaviors, employment, and HIV preventive behaviors among economically vulnerable African American young adults (Mayo-Wilson et al., 2019); a paucity of reviewed studies focus in this area.”
BackgroundVerburgh, M. L., Wit, F. W. N. M., Boyd, A. C., Verboeket, S. O., Reiss, P., & van der Valk, M. (2022) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac291 · Cited by 25
Sishc, B. J., Zawaski, J., Saha, J., Carnell, L. S., Fabre, K. M., & Elgart, S. R. (2022) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2022.06.003 · Cited by 23
Using Motivational Interviewing to Increase HIV PrEP Initiation and Adherence: a Scoping Review
Dangerfield, D. T., Davis, G., Pandian, V., & Anderson, J. N. (2023) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-023-01554-w · Cited by 23
“Increased HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation and adherence can help end the epidemic because it substantially reduces acquisition risk among vulnerable individuals (Anderson et al., 2012; Fauci et al., 2019; Mayer et al., 2020; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2021).”
BackgroundPeters, R. P. H., Grinsztejn, B. G. J., Celum, C., Mayer, K. H., Molina, J., Delany‐Moretlwe, S., Ngure, K., Rueda, S. T., Guy, R., Reiss, P., et al. (2025) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)00983-3 · Cited by 29
Self-citationGarcia‐Cremades, M., Vučićević, K. M., Hendrix, C. W., Jayachandran, P., Jarlsberg, L. G., Grant, R. M., Celum, C., Martin, M., Baeten, J. M., Marrazzo, J. M., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac313 · Cited by 23
Self-citationFuture of bNAbs in HIV Treatment
Tebas, P. (2025) · Current HIV/AIDS Reports · doi:10.1007/s11904-025-00744-1 · Cited by 28
“For example, oral teno-fovir combined with XTC (FTC or 3TC) has been highly effective in preventing HIV transmission [ 25, 26, 27].”
Glidden, D. V., Stirrup, O., & Dunn, D. T. (2020) · The Lancet HIV · doi:10.1016/s2352-3018(20)30192-2 · Cited by 22
Stalter, R. M., Pintye, J. C., & Mugwanya, K. K. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1080/14740338.2021.1931680 · Cited by 22
“centrations of active TVF-DP with oral dosing compared to TDF despite ~90% lower drug exposure with 25 mg dosing [54–56] with potential to result in better renal and bone health outcomes [57].”
BackgroundChanging the PrEP Narrative: A Call to Action to Increase PrEP Uptake among Women
Cernasev, A., Walker, C. M., Armstrong, D. L., & Golden, J. (2021) · Women · doi:10.3390/women1020011 · Cited by 22
Parkin, N. T., Gao, F., Grebe, E., Cutrell, A. G., Das, M., Donnell, D. J., Duerr, A. C., Glidden, D. V., Hughes, J. P., Murray, J. S., et al. (2022) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.2830 · Cited by 23
“18 In particular, cross-sectional incidence studies based on HIV recency assays 19 are of interest.”
Self-citationSexually Transmitted Infections in Older Adults
Epps, P. V., Musoke, L., & McNeil, C. J. (2023) · Infectious Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.idc.2022.11.003 · Cited by 23
Sexually transmitted infections in Spain: Current status
Romero, J. D., Moreno, S., Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F., Ruiz‐Galiana, J., Cantón, R., Ramos, P. D. L., Botella, A. G., García‐Lledó, A., Hernández‐Sampelayo, T., Gómez‐Pavón, J., et al. (2023) · Revista Española de Quimioterapia · doi:10.37201/req/038.2023 · Cited by 22
“Most of these techniques were performed at the place of patient care or with the prox-Sexually women, adults and adolescents at risk for HIV infection [77].”
MethodLandovitz, R. J., Li, T., Yang, J., de Boer, M., Carter, C. C., Das, M., Baeten, J. M., Liu, A., Hoover, K. W., Celum, C., et al. (2024) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciae143 · Cited by 22
“The 4 high-adherence cases were diagnosed 28 to 84 days after PrEP initiation and were judged to be unrecognized baseline HIV-1 infections (Supplementary Table 3) [13, 14, 22].”
Self-citationGlidden, D. V., Das, M., Dunn, D. T., Ebrahimi, R., Zhao, Y., Stirrup, O., Baeten, J. M., & Anderson, P. L. (2021) · Journal of the International AIDS Society · doi:10.1002/jia2.25744 · Cited by 21
“The DISCOVER trial enrolled and randomized 5387 participants (2694 to F/TAF, 2693 to F/TDF) with 8756 PY of follow-up at the primary endpoint [20].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationKoay, W. L. A., Dirajlal‐Fargo, S., Levy, M. E., Kulie, P. E., Monroe, A. K., Castel, A. D., Rakhmanina, N. Y., D’Angelo, L. J., Rakhmanina, N. Y., Kharfen, M., et al. (2021) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab308 · Cited by 21
“The adjusted difference in the mean rate of change in BMIfor-age z score post– vs pre–INSTI initiation was +0.19 z score units/year (95% CI, .01–.37, P = .036; +0.14 z score units/year [95% CI, –.06 to .34], P = .17 excluding participants on TAF) (Figure 1).”
BackgroundInfluentialTran, N. K., Martínez, O., Scheim, A. I., Goldstein, N. D., & Welles, S. L. (2022) · AIDS Education and Prevention · doi:10.1521/aeap.2022.34.5.365 · Cited by 21
Rivera, A. S., Pak, K. J., Mefford, M. T., & Hechter, R. C. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.32968 · Cited by 22
Bekerman, E., Cox, S., Babusis, D. M., Campigotto, F., Das, M., Barouch, D. H., Cihlář, T., & Callebaut, C. (2020) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkaa476 · Cited by 20
Self-citationKroch, A. E., O’Byrne, P., Orser, L., MacPherson, P., O’Brien, K., Light, L., Kang, R. W., & Nyambi, A. (2023) · Canada Communicable Disease Report · doi:10.14745/ccdr.v49i06a04 · Cited by 20
“…iPrEx study in 2010 (1), evidence has continued to demonstrate the efficacy of emtricitabine plus either tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) (FTC/TDF) or tenofovir alafenamide (AF) (FTC/TAF) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (2,3).”
BackgroundCancio-Suárez, M. R., Díaz-Álvarez, J., Ron, R., Martínez‐Sanz, J., Villar, S. S., Moreno, S., & Sánchez‐Conde, M. (2023) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens12070924 · Cited by 20
“IPERGAY Study MSM populations On-demand TDF/FTC: Effective in reducing the risk of HIV infection [25]”
InfluentialGarcía, A. G., Robles, M. S., Pérez-Elı́as, M. J., Negredo, E., Alcamı́, J., Rodríguez, C. E. G., González‐Ruano, P., Fernández, M. A. D. Z., Gutiérrez, C. D., Moreno, S., et al. (2024) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciae645 · Cited by 19
Patient-Focused Selection of PrEP Medication for Individuals at Risk of HIV: A Narrative Review
Fields, S. D., & Tung, E. L. (2021) · Infectious Diseases and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40121-020-00384-5 · Cited by 19
Cabotegravir: The First Long-Acting Injectable for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis
Durham, S. H., Milam, A. N., Waer, D., & Chahine, E. B. (2022) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/10600280221102532 · Cited by 21
Schmidt, D., Kollan, C., Schewe, K., Hanhoff, N., Rüsenberg, R., Friebe, M., Schikowski, T., Schink, S. B., Marcus, U., Koppe, U., et al. (2023) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-023-03733-0 · Cited by 19
Pleasurable and problematic receptive anal intercourse and diseases of the colon, rectum and anus
Dickstein, D. R., Edwards, C. R., Rowan, C. R., Avanessian, B. K., Chubak, B. M., Wheldon, C. W., Simoes, P. K., Buckstein, M. H., Keefer, L., Safer, J. D., et al. (2024) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-024-00932-1 · Cited by 19
“Pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis can be taken as a daily oral pill, such as emtricitabine–tenofovir 364 , or as long-acting cabote-gravir via intramuscular injection administered every 1–2 months 365 .”
Sample size calculation for active-arm trial with counterfactual incidence based on recency assay
Gao, F., Glidden, D. V., Hughes, J. P., & Donnell, D. J. (2021) · Statistical Communications in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1515/scid-2020-0009 · Cited by 18
“An important context for this alternative design approach is the expectation that future products will be required to be highly effective relative to placebo, given high efficacy of previously tested ARV-based PrEP products (FTC/TDF, F/TAF (Mayer et al., 2020b) and CAB-LA (Landovitz et al., 2020)); effectiveness compa…”
BackgroundInfluentialTan, D. H. S., Rana, J., Tengra, Z., Hart, T. A., Wilton, J., & Bayoumi, A. M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01634-3 · Cited by 17
Fitch, C., Haberer, J. E., Serrano, P. A., Muñoz, A., French, A. L., & Hosek, S. (2022) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-022-03656-y · Cited by 17
“An FDA-approved oral antiretroviral medication regimen consisting of emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (and more recently emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) known as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is capable of reducing the likelihood of seroconversion by 99% or more among adherent individuals (3, 4).”
BackgroundSewell, J., Fakoya, I., Lampe, F. C., Howarth, A., Phillips, A. N., Burns, F. M., Rodger, A. J., & Cambiano, V. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276209 · Cited by 18
Keddem, S., Agha, A. Z., Morawej, S., Buck, A., Cronholm, P. F., Sonalkar, S., & Kearney, M. D. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/43596 · Cited by 17
“Lastly, women continue to be excluded from HIV PrEP research, especially in the context of Descovy (tenofovir, alafenamide, and emtricitabine), a newer HIV-prevention drug that has proven safer for kidney and bone health [32] but has not been tested for vaginal or frontal exposure [33].”
McManus, K. A., Fuller, B., Killelea, A., Strumpf, A. M., Powers, S. D., & McQuade, E. T. R. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42781 · Cited by 17
Belgian 2024 guidance on the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis
Praet, J. T. V., Henrard, S., Kenyon, C. R., Libois, A., Meuwissen, A., Sauvage, A.-S., Vincent, A., Vanhamel, J., Scheerder, G., & Belgian Research on AIDS and HIV Consortium (BREACH) (2024) · Acta Clinica Belgica · doi:10.1080/17843286.2024.2356337 · Cited by 17
“The Discovery trial has shown that tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)/FTC was comparable to TDF/FTC in terms of effectiveness and safety for PrEP [13].”
ResultComplex PrEP: the factors requiring consultant-led review of PrEP users
Tittle, V., Dalton, R., Nugent, D., Girometti, N., Whitlock, G. G., McOwan, A., & McCormack, S. (2022) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sextrans-2021-055277 · Cited by 16
To, E. E. (2022) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.122.000856 · Cited by 16
“Oral TAF/FTC was shown to be non-inferior to TDF/FTC in preventing HIV transmission, and improved on bone mineral density and renal safety endpoints (Mayer et al., 2020).”
BackgroundBruxvoort, K. J., Portugal, C., Munis, M. A., Pak, K. J., & Hechter, R. C. (2023) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-023-03983-8 · Cited by 16
“However, evidence of PrEP efficacy among transgender and gender diverse individuals is lacking, likely due to underrepresentation of these groups in clinical trials and suboptimal adherence [10, 11].”
BackgroundNieuwenburg, S. A., Sprenger, R. J., Schim van der Loeff, M. F., & de Vries, H. J. C. (2022) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sextrans-2020-054887 · Cited by 16
Structural Issues Associated with Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use in Men Who Have Sex with Men
Fitch, C., Foley, J. D., Klevens, M. R., Najarro, J., Batchelder, A., Mayer, K. H., & O’Cleirigh, C. M. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-021-09986-w · Cited by 15
“, emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and, more recently, emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) to inhibit the establishment of viral infection, reducing the likelihood of seroconversion by 99% or greater among adherent individuals [4].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV: effective and underused
Hempel, A. K., Biondi, M. J., Baril, J.-G., & Tan, D. H. S. (2022) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.220645 · Cited by 16
Pico-Espinosa, O. J., Hull, M., MacPherson, P. A., Grace, D., Gaspar, M., Lachowsky, N. J., Mohammed, S. S., Demers, J., Kilduff, M., Truong, R., et al. (2022) · AIDS Research and Therapy · doi:10.1186/s12981-022-00473-0 · Cited by 15
Bunting, S. R., Feinstein, B. A., Bertram, C. M., Hazra, A., Sheth, N. K., & Garber, S. S. (2023) · Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1016/j.cptl.2023.02.019 · Cited by 15
“: Participants reported their confidence providing PrEP-related care for the presented patient across four domains: (1) prescribing PrEP to the patient, (2) counseling the patient about PrEP, (3) counseling the patient about overall HIV risk reduction, and (4) managing care for the patient while taking PrEP.”
BackgroundThurman, A. R., Ouattara, L. A., Yousefieh, N., Anderson, P. L., Bushman, L. R., Fang, X., Hanif, H., Clark, M. R., Singh, O., & Doncel, G. F. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1130101 · Cited by 17
“Oral tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) combined with FTC (Descovy®), which shows fewer side effects, was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for HIV-1 prevention, but only among individuals whose primary risk of HIV-1 acquisition is not through vaginal exposure (Mayer et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMcGuire, C., Atieno, M. A., Hoke, T., Jeckonia, P., K'Orimba, K., Lorenzetti, L., Ngure, K., Niyibeshaho, M. M., Njuguna, N., Torjesen, K., et al. (2024) · Current HIV/AIDS Reports · doi:10.1007/s11904-024-00704-1 · Cited by 15
“Additionally, another formulation of oral daily PrEP, tenofovir alafenamide with emtricitabine (TAF/FTC), has been shown to be as effective as TDF-FTC among MSM and transgender women who have sex with men [38, 39].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Mayer, K. H., Molina, J.-M., Thompson, M. A., Anderson, P. L., Mounzer, K. C., De Wet, J. J., DeJesus, E., Jessen, H., Grant, R. M., Ruane, P. J., Wong, P., Ebrahimi, R., Zhong, L., Mathias, A., Callebaut, C., Collins, S. E., Das, M., McCallister, S., Brainard, D. M., Brinson, C., Clarke, A., Coll, P., Post, F. A., & Hare, C. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- AIDS Research Consortium of Atlanta (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Philadelphia Fight (US)
- Orlando Immunology Center (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Ruane Medical (US)
- Gilead Sciences (United States) (US)
- National Health Service (GB)
- IrsiCaixa (ES)
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Das, Moupali
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 396
- Issue
- 10246
- Pages
- 239-254
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC9665936
- OpenAlex
- W3045256412
- Cited by
- 428
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 13
- FWCI
- 8.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Gilead Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, HIV prevention, non-inferiority, men who have sex with men, transgender women, renal safety, bone safety, antiviral efficacy, sexually transmitted infections
- MeSH terms
- Emtricitabine, Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Adenine, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, North America, Placebos, Safety, HIV-1, HIV Infections, Prevalence, Treatment Outcome, Homosexuality, Male, Anti-HIV Agents, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
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