The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide vs emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (DISCOVER) primary results from a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial
Open accessAbstract
Background Tenofovir alafenamide shows high antiviral efficacy and improved renal and bone safety compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate when used for HIV treatment. Here, we report primary results from a blinded phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide versus emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV prevention.Methods This study is an ongoing, randomised, double-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial done at 94 community, public health, and hospital-associated clinics located in regions of Europe and North America, where there is a high incidence of HIV or prevalence of people living with HIV, or both. We enrolled adult cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women who have sex with men, both with a high risk of acquiring HIV on the basis of their self-reported sexual behaviour in the past 12 weeks or their recent history (within 24 weeks of enrolment) of bacterial sexually transmitted infections. Participants with current or previous use of PrEP with emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were not excluded. We used a computer-generated random allocation sequence to randomly assign (1:1) participants to receive either emtricitabine (200 mg) and tenofovir alafenamide (25 mg) tablets daily, with matched placebo tablets (emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide group), or emtricitabine (200 mg) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300 mg) tablets daily, with matched placebo tablets (emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group). As such, all participants were given two tablets. The trial sponsor, investigators, participants, and the study staff who provided the study drugs, assessed the outcomes, and collected the data were masked to group assignment. The primary efficacy outcome was incident HIV infection, which was assessed when all participants had completed 48 weeks of follow-up and half of all participants had completed 96 weeks of follow-up. This full analysis set included all randomly assigned participants who had received at least one dose of the assigned study drug and had at least one post-baseline HIV test. Non-inferiority of emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide to emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was established if the upper bound of the 95·003% CI of the HIV incidence rate ratio (IRR) was less than the prespecified non-inferiority margin of 1·62. We prespecified six secondary bone mineral density and renal biomarker safety endpoints to evaluate using the safety analysis set. This analysis set included all randomly assigned participants who had received at least one dose of the assigned study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02842086, and is no longer recruiting.Findings Between Sept 13, 2016, and June 30, 2017, 5387 (92%) of 5857 participants were randomly assigned and received emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide (n=2694) or emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (n=2693). At the time of the primary efficacy analysis (ie, when all participants had completed 48 weeks and 50% had completed 96 weeks) emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide was non-inferior to emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV prevention, as the upper limit of the 95% CI of the IRR, was less than the prespecified non-inferiority margin of 1·62 (IRR 0·47 [95% CI 0·19-1·15]). After 8756 person-years of follow-up, 22 participants were diagnosed with HIV, seven participants in the emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide group (0·16 infections per 100 person-years [95% CI 0·06-0·33]), and 15 participants in the emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group (0·34 infections per 100 person-years [0·19-0·56]). Both regimens were well tolerated, with a low number of participants reporting adverse events that led to discontinuation of the study drug (36 [1%] of 2694 participants in the emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide group vs 49 [2%] of 2693 participants in the emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group). Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide was superior to emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in all six prespecified bone mineral density and renal biomarker safety endpoints.Interpretation Daily emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide shows non-inferior efficacy to daily emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV prevention, and the number of adverse events for both regimens was low. Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide had more favourable effects on bone mineral density and biomarkers of renal safety than emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.Funding Gilead Sciences.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The successful development and widespread adoption of these prophylactics has been considered a public health triumph, drastically reducing the spread of HIV, and dramatically improving quality of life (Mayer et al., 2020).”
From The Need for Biological Countermeasures to Mitigate the Risk of Space Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, and Central Nervous System Deficiencies (2022) · cites this paper as Mayer et al., 2020
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, individuals at high-risk of contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) routinely take the prophylactic tenofovir with emtricitabine formulations (daily oral administration) that prevent (and treat) HIV infection.”
From The Need for Biological Countermeasures to Mitigate the Risk of Space Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, and Central Nervous System Deficiencies (2022) · cites this paper as Mayer et al., 2020
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This paradigm has since evolved, as prophylactic compound approaches have been shown to improve health outcomes in healthy populations which are at risk.”
From The Need for Biological Countermeasures to Mitigate the Risk of Space Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis, Cardiovascular Disease, and Central Nervous System Deficiencies (2022) · cites this paper as Mayer et al., 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Toprak, Ö., Kurt, H., Sarı, Y., Şarkış, C., Us, H., & Kırık, A. (2017) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000468530 · Cited by 29,770
Levey, A. S., Coresh, J., Bolton, K., Culleton, B. F., Harvey, K. S., Ikizler, T. A., Johnson, C. A., Kausz, A., Kimmel, P. L., Kusek, J. W., et al. (2002) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 11,633
‘Small Changes' to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors for Weight Management
Hills, A. P., Byrne, N. M., Lindstrom, R. C., & Hill, J. O. (2013) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000345030 · Cited by 9,526
Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men.
Grant, R. M., Lama, J. R., Anderson, P. L., McMahan, V., Liu, A. Y., Vargas, L., Goicochea, P., Casapía, M., Guanira-Carranza, J. V., Ramirez-Cardich, M. E., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1011205 · Cited by 5,096
Self-citation2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk
Goff, D. C., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Bennett, G., Coady, S., D’Agostino, R. B., Gibbons, R., Greenland, P., Lackland, D. T., Levy, D., O’Donnell, C. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.005 · Cited by 4,945
Goff, D. C., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Bennett, G., Coady, S., D’Agostino, R. B., Gibbons, R., Greenland, P., Lackland, D. T., Levy, D., O’Donnell, C. J., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98 · Cited by 3,697
Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women.
Baeten, J. M., Donnell, D., Ndase, P., Mugo, N. R., Campbell, J. D., Wangisi, J., Tappero, J. W., Bukusi, E. A., Cohen, C. R., Katabira, E., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1108524 · Cited by 3,256
Obesity and the Environment: Where Do We Go from Here?
Hill, J. O., Wyatt, H. R., Reed, G. W., & Peters, J. C. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1079857 · Cited by 2,180
Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines
Burstein, G. R., & Workowski, K. (2003) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00008480-200308000-00006 · Cited by 2,077
McCormack, S., Dunn, D. T., Desai, M., Dolling, D. I., Gafos, M., Gilson, R., Sullivan, A. K., Clarke, A., Reeves, I., Schembri, G., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00056-2 · Cited by 1,878
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Sullivan PS, Smith DK, Mera-Giler R, et al. The impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis with TDF/FTC on HIV diagnoses, 2012–2016, United States. International AIDS Conference; Amsterdam, Netherlands; July 23–27, 2018 (abstr LBPEC036).
- Schwartz JL, Cottrell M, Thurman AR, et al. HIV prevention in healthy women: safety and pharmacokinetics of a potential new tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF)-based oral prep regimen. HIV Research for Prevention conference; Madrid, Spain; Oct 21–25, 2018 (presentation OA15.04).
- Schwartz JL, Cottrell M, Thurman AR, et al. HIV prevention in healthy women: safety and pharmacokinetics of a potential new tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF)-based oral prep regimen. HIV Research for Prevention Conference; Madrid, Spain; Oct 21–25, 2018 (presentation OA15.04).
- Walsh, 2009, Lumbar spine peak bone mass and bone turnover in men and women: a longitudinal study, Osteoporos Int, 20, 355, 10.1007/s00198-008-0672-5 · DOI
- Weaver, 2016, The National Osteoporosis Foundation's position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations, Osteoporos Int, 27, 1281, 10.1007/s00198-015-3440-3 · DOI · Paper page
- Huang Y-LA, Tao G, Smith DK, Hoover KW. Persistence with HIV preexposure prophylaxis in the United States, 2012–2016. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Seattle, WA, USA; March 4–7, 2019 (abstr 106).
- Mayer K, Levine K, Grasso C, Krakower D, Marcus J. Longer term PrEP users in a Boston community health center: sociodemographic factors and PrEP persistence. Tenth International AIDS Conference on HIV Science; Mexico City, Mexico; July 21–24, 2019 (abstr TUPEC436).
- Hill A, Venter WF, Delaporte E, et al. Progressive rises in weight and clinical obesity for TAF/FTC/DTG and TDF/FTC/DTG versus TDF/FTC/EFV: ADVANCE and NAMSAL trials. Tenth International AIDS Conference on HIV Science; Mexico City, Mexico; July 21–24, 2019 (abstr MOAX0102LB).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 428
Place de la prophylaxie préexposition pour prévenir la transmission du VIH
Trichet, M., & Peiffer‐Smadja, N. (2022) · Actualités Pharmaceutiques · doi:10.1016/j.actpha.2022.07.010 · Cited by 1
Preventive and Sexual Health in LGBTQ+ Older Adults
Karris, M., Lau, M., & Blumenthal, J. S. (2023) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2023.10.002 · Cited by 1
Healthcare for Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents
Ho, T., & Ricklefs, C. (2024) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2024.05.007 · Cited by 1
Twice-yearly lenacapavir may change the standard of HIV prevention for women
Filip, I. (2024) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000004013 · Cited by 1
Clement, M. E., Hanscom, B. S., Haines, D., Bazan, J. A., Chotirosniramit, N., Kofron, R., Mannheimer, S., Mayer, K. H., Silva, M. S. T., Soto-Torres, L. E., et al. (2024) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciae572 · Cited by 1
“Similar to other PrEP trials and demonstration projects, overall STI incidence in HPTN 083 was elevated [21–23].”
Self-citationGoswami, S., Canedo, J., Veeramachaneni, S., Siddiqua, C., Holmes, E. R., & Barnard, M. (2024) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1097/jnc.0000000000000508 · Cited by 1
Huang, Y., Zhang, L., Lemos, M. P., Astronomo, R. D., Narpala, S., Prabhakaran, M. S., Garcia, N. M. G., Lu, Y., Mize, G. J., Glantz, H., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/jcph.70060 · Cited by 1
The Art of Personalized Prevention: Clinical Perspectives on Biomedical HIV Prevention
Sherbuk, J. E., Rybolt, L. E., & Moore-Pardo, S. M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77911-4_24 · Cited by 1
EcoHIV Infection Promotes Atherosclerosis Progression in LDLR-Deficient Mice
Pinos, I., Blanco, A., Kelschenbach, J., Veenstra, M., Hu, E., He, H., Berman, J. W., Volsky, D. J., & Amengual, J. (2025) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.125.323004 · Cited by 1
EXPRESS-PrEP: Evaluating PrEP rapid engagement and same-day start for HIV prevention in gbMSM
Woodward, K., Guimond, T. H., Alrowais, H., Monroy, V., & Gemmell, O. (2025) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108166 · Cited by 1
On-Demand Dosing of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis for Women: Has Their Time Finally Come?
Buchbinder, S., & Anderson, P. L. (2025) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaf507 · Cited by 1
Self-citationSignificant Publications on Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy in 2024
Lee, L., Huang, Y.-H., Shaikhli, H. A., Billah, P., Nguyen, N., Thomas, J. L., Zaki, A. M., & Lin, K. (2025) · Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1177/08971900251408307 · Cited by 1
Costacurta, L., Biagio, A. D., & Taramasso, L. (2025) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000001178 · Cited by 1
Epidemiology and Prevention of HIV Infection: Challenges and Opportunities
Prasad, A., & Singh, M. (2025) · Infectious diseases · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1012818 · Cited by 2
Sedibe, A., Sibiya, N., Nyakudya, T., & Gamede, M. W. (2025) · Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.102345 · Cited by 1
“Emtricitabine (FTC), approved by the FDA in 2003, is a fluorinated cytidine analogue that is widely used in combination with other anti-retroviral agents for HIV treatment and prevention as PrEP, combined with TDF in Truvada or TAF in Descovy [138,139].”
MILLÉO, L. D., Müller, E. V., Martins, C. M., Rublesperger, A. G. M., Ribas, V. L., & Silva, G. B. (2026) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2026.2623037 · Cited by 1
“The regimen with TAF instead of TDF was only tested in one study (Mayer et al., 2020).”
InfluentialBrazia, J., Wang, B., Meireles, P., Valdano, E., & Teixeira, A. S. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-27542-7 · Cited by 1
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in LGBT Communities
Radix, A. E., & Vail, R. M. (2021) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2021.02.004 · Cited by 1
Ashley, K. B., Arroyo, H., Casasnovas, C. E., Kertzner, R. M., Lichtenstein, M., & Lyon, M. E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80665-1_15 · Cited by 1
Jacomet, C., Beller, C. L., Schiestel, T., Grandvuillemin, A., Davani, S., & Valnet‐Rabier, M. (2022) · Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.therap.2022.03.008 · Cited by 1
Pharmacists and the next generation of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
Griffith, K., & Romanelli, F. (2022) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1016/j.japh.2022.07.001 · Cited by 1
Clinical Considerations in the Selection of Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Canada
Knox, D. C., Pilarski, R., Dhunna, H. S., Kaushal, A., & Adachi, J. D. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1155/2022/3913439 · Cited by 1
“'ese effects of PrEP on BMD are important, even in a younger population that may easily recover from fracture events because many individuals remain on PrEP for many years.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRawlins-Pilgrim, S., Wheelock, A., Streed, C. G., Higham, M., Krakower, D., & Taylor, J. L. (2023) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2023.2232465 · Cited by 1
Łomiak, M., Gajek, Z., Stępnicki, J., Lembas, A., Mikuła, T., & Wiercińska‐Drapało, A. (2023) · Journal of Medical Science · doi:10.20883/medical.e808 · Cited by 1
Updates in the Approach to Pediatric HIV Care and Prevention
Miguel, C. V., & Henderson, S. L. (2023) · Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s40746-023-00278-x · Cited by 1
Rivera, A. S., Pak, K. J., Mefford, M. T., & Hechter, R. C. (2023) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad695 · Cited by 1
“Relatedly, we limited our analysis to eGFR, as the more specific measures of renal tubular proteinuria (eg, urine β 2 -microglobulin to creatinine ratio, retinol-binding protein to creatinine ratio) cannot be obtained from our EHR data [13, 43].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialRachman, B. E., Khairunisa, S. Q., Wungu, C. D. K., Asmarawati, T. P., Rusli, M., Bramantono, Arfijanto, M. V., Hadi, U., Kameoka, M., & Nasronudin, N. (2024) · AIDS Research and Therapy · doi:10.1186/s12981-024-00627-2 · Cited by 1
“Furthermore, a particular study exhibited some notable concerns in the domain of randomization procedures due to insufficient information regarding the concealment of allocation sequences until participants were enrolled and assigned to interventions [33].”
BackgroundAlexander, L. R., Brown, V. L., Koethe, J. R., Shepherd, B. E., Green, M. J., Myers, H. F., & Chandler, C. J. (2024) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2024.07.002 · Cited by 1
Whiteside, Y. O., McMillan, A., Hennessy, F., Salmon, P., Holbrook, T., & Tadese, B. K. (2024) · HIV Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/25787489.2024.2382552 · Cited by 1
Colver, J. T., Yabes, J., & Marcus, J. E. (2024) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-024-04543-4 · Cited by 1
“Clinical trials have shown that most side effects resolve within a month, except for FTC/TAC, which was associated with weight gain [26].”
Mandia, J. J., Keltner, C. H., Haynes, R. C., Cruz, L., Solveson, K., & Mease, L. E. (2025) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2024.307919 · Cited by 1
Kansiime, S., Hansen, C. H., Bern, H., Fox, J., Dunn, D. T., Ruzagira, E., Hayes, R., McCormack, S., & on behalf of the PrEPVacc study team (2025) · HIV Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/25787489.2025.2513684 · Cited by 1
Aydın, E., Aydın, F. Y., Demir, Y., Yildirim, Y., & Çelen, M. K. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14542 · Cited by 1
Pharmacokinetics of vaginally applied integrase inhibitors in macaques
Nishiura, K., Sharma, S., Sterling, M., Makarova, N., Martin, A. M., Dinh, C. T., Mitchell, J. M., Garcia-Lerma, J. G., Heneine, W., & Dobard, C. (2021) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkab293 · Cited by 2
Key highlights from the international AIDS society (IAS) conference 2021
Waters, L. J., Psomas, C. K., & Barber, T. (2021) · Journal of Virus Eradication · doi:10.1016/j.jve.2021.100058 · Cited by 1
Offrir une prophylaxie préexposition contre le VIH
Trischuk, T., Little, B., & LeBras, M. H. (2022) · Canadian Family Physician · doi:10.46747/cfp.6803e81 · Cited by 1
HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: What Do Pediatricians Need to Know?
Ungar, S. P., Paret, M., & Shust, G. F. (2022) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/19382359-20220314-07 · Cited by 1
Phillips, P. P. J., & Glidden, D. V. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52636-2_98 · Cited by 1
Zamantakis, A., Chandra, S., Donoso, V. A., Paton, M. J., Powers, A., Mustanski, B. S., & Benbow, N. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.01.02.25319901 · Cited by 1
Conference Proceedings From the 22nd Bangkok International Symposium On Hiv Medicine
Ohata, P. J., Kerr, S. J., Avihingsanon, A., Ramautarsing, R. A., Gatechompol, S., Ueaphongsukkit, T., Phanuphak, N., Kroon, E. D. M. B., Ubolyam, S., Colby, D. J., et al. (2020) · Future Virology · doi:10.2217/fvl-2020-0009
Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide for Preexposure HIV Prophylaxis
Gandhi, R. T. (2020) · Journal watch · doi:10.1056/nejm-jw.na52125
Halavaty, K. K., Ott, A. K., Maric, D., Su, J. T., Matias, E., Allen, E. J., Martin, A. M., Pereira, L., Deyounks, F., Smith, J. M., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.06.29.450465
Preventing HIV With Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: Current and Emerging Modalities
Broholm, C., Yingling, C. T., & Vail, R. M. (2021) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.07.021
Conference Proceedings From the 23rd Bangkok International Symposium On Hiv Medicine
Ohata, P. J., Gatechompol, S., Avihingsanon, A., Lwin, H. M. S., Ueaphongsukkit, T., Han, W. M., Kerr, S. J., & Phanuphak, P. (2021) · Future Virology · doi:10.2217/fvl-2021-0029
Gaither, T. W., Sigalos, J. T., Landovitz, R. J., Mills, J., Litwin, M. S., & Eleswarapu, S. V. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.38244
Lieber, M., Hamill, M. M., Pham, P. A., Pine-Twaddell, E. D., Crank, J., & Shah, M. (2022) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac091
“TAF/FTC has only been approved for use in cisgender men and trans women due to concerns about reduced TAF tissue concentrations in natal vaginal tissue [20, 21].”
BackgroundChu, C., Baumgartner, K., & Bositis, C. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197576595.003.0005
PrEP : Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis
Dai, M. (2022) · The International Encyclopedia of Health Communication · doi:10.1002/9781119678816.iehc0853
Rugova, A., & al., E. (2023) · JHA - Journal of HIV and Ageing · doi:10.19198/jha31542
Sullivan, P. S., Hall, E., Bradley, H. M., Sanchez, T., Woodyatt, C. R., & Russell, E. S. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/42267
“…medications would be a noninferiority trial [22,23], such as the recently reported trials of combination emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide [15] and long-acting cabotegravir [24], designed to demonstrate that HIV incidence in those taking the experimental agent was not higher than…”
Kroch, A. E., O’Byrne, P., Orser, L., MacPherson, P., O'Brien, K., Light, L., Kang, R. W., & Nyambi, A. (2023) · Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada · doi:10.14745/ccdr.v49i06a04f
Reynolds, S. J., Quinn, T. C., & Sendagire, I. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-7959-7.00017-8
Ali, M., Lee, N., French, P., Miller, R. F., & Ahmed, N. (2023) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1177/09564624231195088
Silva, C. J., Arrington‐Sanders, R., Goldstein, Z. G., Deutsch, M. B., Asupoto, O., Wurcel, A. G., Imbert, E., Hickey, M. D., Davids, A., Carvalho, A., et al. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197679098.003.0012
Prescribing Antiretroviral Therapy
Mathur, P., Mudroch, S., Ajmal, S., Temesgen, Z., & Koren, D. E. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197679098.003.0018
Transmission Prevention Strategies
Chu, C., Baumgartner, K., & Bositis, C. M. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197679098.003.0005
Getting PrEP to the patients who need it
Foley, A. V. A. (2023) · The Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.12788/jfp.0686
Burley, N., MacDonald, R., & Khan, A. (2023) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1177/09564624231220098
Humeral Shaft Fracture Nonunion and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): A Case Report
Fones, L., Endres, P., Kachooei, A. R., & Ilyas, A. M. (2023) · SurgiColl · doi:10.58616/001c.74087
Hutchings, D., Larson, B. K., Guindi, M. M., & Waters, K. M. (2024) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/his.15137
Hart, T. A., Tan, D. H. S., Rana, J., Tengra, Z., Wilton, J., & Bayoumi, A. M. (2024) · doi:10.32920/25360306.v1
Hart, T. A., Tan, D. H. S., Rana, J., Tengra, Z., Wilton, J., & Bayoumi, A. M. (2024) · doi:10.32920/25360306
Contemporary Treatment Approaches for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Shroba, J., & Januszka, J. E. (2024) · Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2024.01.004
Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Transgender People: A Systematic Review
Pérez-Alba, E., Condori, R. C. I., Cantú-Hernández, J. A., Álvarez‐Villalobos, N. A., Salinas-Garza, L. A., & Camacho-Ortíz, A. (2024) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciae226
Profilassi Pre-Esposizione (PrEP): uno dei caposaldi nella prevenzione dell’infezione da HIV.
Pagnucco, L. (2024) · JHA - Journal of HIV and Ageing · doi:10.19198/jha31575
Reassuring long-term safety, resistance, and efficacy data for two daily formulations of PrEP
Donnell, D. J. (2024) · The Lancet HIV · doi:10.1016/s2352-3018(24)00158-9
Cantos, V. D., Neradilek, M. B., Huang, Y., Roxby, A. C., Gillespie, K., deCamp, A. C., Karuna, S., Edupuganti, S., Gallardo-Cartagena, J. A., Sánchez, J., et al. (2024) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofae387
“Oral [1, 2] and injectable [3, 4] preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition; however, existing PrEP modalities may not fulfill the needs of all people due to comorbidities, limited local access, cost, or individual preference [4].”
Backgroundde Vos, L., Mussa, A., Rousseau, E., Strauss, M., George, G., Vundhla, P., Gebengu, A., Tsuaneng, M., Tamuthiba, L., Tumagole, A., et al. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4802607/v1
Infecciones de transmision sexual en la era de la PrEP
de Loredo, N., & Blanco, J. L. (2024) · Actualizaciones en Sida e Infectología · doi:10.52226/revista.v32i115.334
Sewell, J., Witzel, T. C., Dunn, D. T., Lampe, F. C., Burns, F. M., Weatherburn, P., McCormack, S., McCabe, L., Miners, A. H., Cambiano, V., et al. (2024) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/ayhe4598
Merchant, E. A., Solleveld, P., Gibas, K. M., & Krakower, D. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311591
“TAF/FTC was demonstrated to be non-inferior to TDF/FTC for the prevention of new HIV infections among men who have sex with men and transgender women in the DISCOVER trial [5].”
Weimer, A. K. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69997-9_3
McGarrity, M. W., MacPherson, P. A., Li, A., Naccarato, M., Anderson, P. L., & Tan, D. H. S. (2025) · HIV Medicine · doi:10.1111/hiv.13759
“Another combination used as PrEP is tenofovir alafe-namide (TAF) with FTC, which has been demonstrated to have non-inferior HIV prevention efficacy compared with TDF/FTC among men who have sex with men [7].”
Self-citationTheorizing Sexual Health Vulnerability, Redefining Risk, and Identifying Research Question(s)
Dangerfield, D. T. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85130-8_2
Bolluyt, D. C., van den Elshout, M. A. M., Wijstma, E. S., Boyd, A. C., Hoornenborg, E., de Vries, H. J. C., Prins, M., Vogt, L., van der Loeff, M. F. S., van Benthem, T., et al. (2025) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2025.03.033
“People with decreased kidney function who are vulnerable to HIV require a tailored approach, using more frequent kidney function monitoring during PrEP follow-up or other PrEP modalities with a better renal safety pro fi le, such as tenofoviralafenamide 38 or cabotegravir.”
Dunn, D. T., McCormack, S., Kusemererwa, S., Munseri, P., Singh, N., Mutonyi, G., Bern, H., Goldwirt, L., Kingsley, C. I., Kroidl, A., et al. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5236675
Jorgensen, P. E. W., Ruiz‐Algueró, M., Iniesta, C., Pulido, F., & Llenas‐García, J. (2025) · Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.eimce.2024.12.014
Silva, C. J., Arrington‐Sanders, R., Goldstein, Z. G., Imbert, E., Hickey, M. D., Asupoto, O., Wurcel, A. G., Davids, A., Carvalho, A., García, D., et al. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197812631.003.0010
Baumgartner, K., Bositis, C. M., Hanft, W., & Chu, C. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197812631.003.0014
Antiretroviral Therapy Selection/Decision-Making
Ajmal, S., Temesgen, Z., Mathur, P., & Koren, D. E. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197812631.003.0015
May, E. R., Mu, L., Turvey, S. L., Chew, D. S., Tonelli, M. A., Klarenbach, S. W., Pannu, N., Christie, E. A., Thompson, S., Bello, A. K., et al. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1155/cjid/9340622
“…and TAF/FTC are equivalent for HIV PrEP is consistent with previous literature as TAF/FTC has been shown to be noninferior to TDF/FTC with better kidney and bone biomarker safety [5] but increased weight gain and dyslipidemia [34], and, more recently, incident hypertension and statin use [35].”
Jackson, K. J., Tomlinson, S., & Klotzbaugh, R. J. (2025) · Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1097/jxx.0000000000001177
Kim, H. Y., Liebenberg, A., Zhang, L., & von Kleist, M. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.26.25334527
“For example, the fraction of MSM not taking oral TDF/FTC-based PrEP was only 4–21% in major clinical studies like IPERGAY, HPTN 083, Purpose 2 and DISCOVER [11,14,50,51], whereas it was 44, 64, 71 and ≈ 90% of cis-gender women in HPTN 084, Fem-PrEP, VOICE and Purpose 1 [10, 12, 52, 53].”
Analysis of potential barriers for non-PrEP users among MSM in GermanyPreprint
Waldorf, H., Marcus, U., Iannuzzi, S., Albrecht, S., Hoebel, J., Gunsenheimer‐Bartmeyer, B., Bremer, V., von Kleist, M., & Koppe, U. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.25334713
Re-evaluating STI prophylaxis following sexual assault: The role of DoxyPEP
Mirza, H., Fowler, C., & Soni, S. (2025) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1177/09564624251374151
“18 Data for the effectiveness of doxyPEP in this population is limited to one RCT which found no statistically signi fi cant reduction in bacterial STIs.”
HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for the General Ob/Gyn
Rager, T. L., & Davies, J. (2025) · Topics in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.pgo.0001168036.42041.b5
Sample size estimation for the averted events ratio
Dunn, D. T., Stirrup, O., & Glidden, D. V. (2025) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1177/17407745251377435
Mesner, O., Jain, R., Ramakrishnan, A., Matthews, D. D., & Goldbach, J. T. (2025) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaf605
The effects of HIV on bone and muscle health through the lifespan in populations living in Africa
Jeena, L., Mukwasi-Kahari, C., Ward, K. A., & Gregson, C. L. (2025) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000004307
Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate use for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and weight gain
Shi, F., Xia, H., Weissman, S., Li, X., & Yang, X. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-23810-5
Mendonça, P. K., Santos, D. M. D., do Nascimento, A. I., da Cunha, J. C. P., Koch, G. S. R., Maciel, C. G., Santos-Pinto, C. D. B., & de Oliveira, E. F. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25812-4
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)-Associated HIV Monitoring and Self-Testing
Zhu, Y., & Sell, J. K. (2025) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvaf155 · Cited by 1
Guimarães, N. S., Magno, L., Monteiro, G. M. B., Ramos, I. C. N., de Castro, C. T., ROSSI, T. A., Pereira, M., & Dourado, I. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26639782
Brázia, J., Wang, B., Meireles, P., Valdano, E., & Teixeira, A. S. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8226143/v1 · Cited by 1
Reversible Effects of Integrase Inhibitors on Newly Differentiated Adipocytes
Pickering, R. T., Asundi, A., Olson, A. J., Soden, K., & Lin, N. (2026) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v18010149
“This is especially relevant given the ongoing examination of the relative effects of INSTIs versus their coformulation with tenofovir alafenamide, which has well-documented effects on weight gain [37,38].”
Barbaro, F., Sasset, L., Zenere, A., Scaglione, V., Cavinato, S., Gardin, S., Leoni, D., Calandrino, L., Vania, E., Colombo, F., et al. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.92280
Reimagining HIV Prevention for Women
Chandler, R. D., Warner, S. C., Johnson, R., & Wells, J. (2025) · Clinical Journal for Nurse Practitioners in Women s Health · doi:10.1891/cjnpwh-2025-0030
White, A., Villa, G. C. F., Crowley, V., Murphy, D. M., Quinn, L. L., O’Sullivan, C., Courtney, G., Griffin, B., & Devitt, E. J. (2026) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sextrans-2025-056766
Metadata
- Authors
- Mayer, K. H., Molina, J.-M., Thompson, M. A., Anderson, P. L., Mounzer, K. C., De Wet, J. J., DeJesus, E., Jessen, H., Grant, R. M., Ruane, P. J., Wong, P., Ebrahimi, R., Zhong, L., Mathias, A., Callebaut, C., Collins, S. E., Das, M., McCallister, S., Brainard, D. M., Brinson, C., Clarke, A., Coll, P., Post, F. A., & Hare, C. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- AIDS Research Consortium of Atlanta (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Philadelphia Fight (US)
- Orlando Immunology Center (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Ruane Medical (US)
- Gilead Sciences (United States) (US)
- National Health Service (GB)
- IrsiCaixa (ES)
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Das, Moupali
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 396
- Issue
- 10246
- Pages
- 239-254
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC9665936
- OpenAlex
- W3045256412
- Cited by
- 428
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 13
- FWCI
- 8.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Gilead Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, HIV prevention, non-inferiority, men who have sex with men, transgender women, renal safety, bone safety, antiviral efficacy, sexually transmitted infections
- MeSH terms
- Emtricitabine, Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Adenine, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, North America, Placebos, Safety, HIV-1, HIV Infections, Prevalence, Treatment Outcome, Homosexuality, Male, Anti-HIV Agents, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
