COVID-19 and ethnicity: who will research results apply to?
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Given the cultural and experiential specificities rooted in the US, these findings are unlikely to be readily transferred and applied in other countries.
“Given the cultural and experiential specificities rooted in the US, these findings are unlikely to be readily transferred and applied in other countries [57, 74].”
From Enablers and barriers of clinical trial participation in adult patients from minority ethnic groups: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as [74]
In the main text (page unavailable), the paper says cultural factors matter and that results are not guaranteed to apply to populations excluded from research. It does not specifically say that US-rooted findings are unlikely to transfer to other countries; that is a more specific and stronger claim. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Cites
Yang, J., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., Pu, K., Chen, Z., Guo, Q., Ji, R., Wang, H., Wang, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017 · Cited by 4,206 · see citing works
COVID-19 and African Americans
Yancy, C. W. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6548 · Cited by 1,932 · see citing works
Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death
Jordan, R. E., Adab, P., & Cheng, K. K. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1198 · Cited by 1,653 · see citing works
Characteristics of Health Care Personnel with COVID-19 — United States, February 12–April 9, 2020
CDC COVID-19 Response Team, CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Burrer, S. L., de Perio, M. A., Hughes, M. M., Kuhar, D. T., Luckhaupt, S. E., McDaniel, C. J., Porter, R. M., Silk, B. J., et al. (2020) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e6 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Strategies to improve recruitment to randomised trials
Treweek, S., Pitkethly, M., Cook, J., Fraser, C., Mitchell, E., Sullivan, F., Jackson, C., Taskila, T. K., & Gardner, H. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.mr000013.pub6 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Self-citationThe impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review
Pan, D., Sze, S., Minhas, J. S., Bangash, M. N., Pareek, N., Divall, P., Williams, C., Oggioni, M. R., Squire, I. B., Nellums, L. B., et al. (2020) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100404 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Self-citationIs ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19?
Khunti, K. K., Singh, A. K., Pareek, M., & Hanif, W. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m1548 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Self-citationSharpening the global focus on ethnicity and race in the time of COVID-19
Bhala, N. B., Curry, G., Martineau, A. R., Agyemang, C. O., & Bhopal, R. S. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31102-8 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Under-representation of minority ethnic groups in research--call for action
Redwood, S., & Gill, P. S. (2013) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp13x668456 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Sardar, M. R., Badri, M., Prince, C. T., Seltzer, J. H., & Kowey, P. R. (2014) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.4758 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The under-representation of minority ethnic groups in UK medical research
Smart, A., & Harrison, E. (2016) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2016.1182126 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Haynes, N., Cooper, L. A., & Albert, M. A. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.120.048126 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Khunti, K. K., Bellary, S., Karamat, M. A., Patel, K., Patel, V., Jones, A. G., Gray, J., Shepherd, P. R., & Hanif, W. (2016) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13103 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationMasood, Y., Bower, P., Waheed, M. W., Brown, G., & Waheed, W. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.01.004 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
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Recruitment Strategies to Optimize Participation by Diverse Populations
Webber-Ritchey, K. J., Aquino, E., Ponder, T. N., Lattner, C., Soco, C., Spurlark, R., & Simonovich, S. D. (2021) · Nursing Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/08943184211010471 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Alarcón Garavito, G. A., Gilchrist, K., Ciurtin, C., Khanna, S., Chambers, P., McNally, N., Merivale, E., Carr, E., Yu, R., & Vindrola-Padros, C. (2025) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-08769-y · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“…patients, the reviewed studies produced a significant amount of data on how historical and institutional forms of racism acted as barriers to trial participation [9–11, 37, 53, 55], exemplified by events like the US Tuskegee Syph-ilis study and its unethical treatment of Black patients [74].”
- Authors
- Treweek, S., Forouhi, N. G., Narayan, K. M. V., & Khunti, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Emory University (US)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Treweek, Shaun
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 395
- Issue
- 10242
- Pages
- 1955-1957
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC7292594
- OpenAlex
- W3035070475
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 10
- FWCI
- 22.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Aberdeen University Research Archive (Aberdeen University) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Apollo
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research ([IS-BRC-1215-20014)
- Cambridge University Hospitals (146281)
- Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/5)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK111024)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare Systems and Challenges
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, ethnicity, racial disparities, health disparities, severe COVID-19 outcomes, COVID-19 mortality, ethnic minorities
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Ethnicity, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Patient Selection, Biomedical Research, Pandemics
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