The DOI matches its Crossref record; 160 of the 160 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Parkinson's disease
Open accessAbstract
Parkinson's disease is a recognisable clinical syndrome with a range of causes and clinical presentations. Parkinson's disease represents a fast-growing neurodegenerative condition; the rising prevalence worldwide resembles the many characteristics typically observed during a pandemic, except for an infectious cause. In most populations, 3-5% of Parkinson's disease is explained by genetic causes linked to known Parkinson's disease genes, thus representing monogenic Parkinson's disease, whereas 90 genetic risk variants collectively explain 16-36% of the heritable risk of non-monogenic Parkinson's disease. Additional causal associations include having a relative with Parkinson's disease or tremor, constipation, and being a non-smoker, each at least doubling the risk of Parkinson's disease. The diagnosis is clinically based; ancillary testing is reserved for people with an atypical presentation. Current criteria define Parkinson's disease as the presence of bradykinesia combined with either rest tremor, rigidity, or both. However, the clinical presentation is multifaceted and includes many non-motor symptoms. Prognostic counselling is guided by awareness of disease subtypes. Clinically manifest Parkinson's disease is preceded by a potentially long prodromal period. Presently, establishment of prodromal symptoms has no clinical implications other than symptom suppression, although recognition of prodromal parkinsonism will probably have consequences when disease-modifying treatments become available. Treatment goals vary from person to person, emphasising the need for personalised management. There is no reason to postpone symptomatic treatment in people developing disability due to Parkinson's disease. Levodopa is the most common medication used as first-line therapy. Optimal management should start at diagnosis and requires a multidisciplinary team approach, including a growing repertoire of non-pharmacological interventions. At present, no therapy can slow down or arrest the progression of Parkinson's disease, but informed by new insights in genetic causes and mechanisms of neuronal death, several promising strategies are being tested for disease-modifying potential. With the perspective of people with Parkinson's disease as a so-called red thread throughout this Seminar, we will show how personalised management of Parkinson's disease can be optimised.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Strikingly, non-motor symptoms remain poorly responsive to current PD treatments despite being present from early prodromal PD and contributing significantly to overall disease burden [36].”
From The gut–brain axis in early Parkinson’s disease: from prodrome to prevention (2025) · cites this paper as [36]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Clinical practice guidelines support resilience training and exercise for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).”
From A randomized clinical trial of mindfulness meditation versus exercise in Parkinson’s disease during social unrest (2023) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The diseases encompass various severe conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [3, 4] and Parkinson’s disease (PD) [5, 6], as well as traumatic brain injuries (TBI) [7] and spinal cord injuries (SCI) [8].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Parkin and PINK1 mitigate STING-induced inflammation
Sliter, D. A., Martinez, J., Hao, L., Chen, X., Sun, N., Fischer, T. D., Burman, J. L., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., Narendra, D. P., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0448-9 · Cited by 1,287
Self-citationRetractedStaging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Braak, H., Tredici, K. D., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., Jansen Steur, E. N. H., & Braak, E. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00065-9 · Cited by 10,777
MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease
Postuma, R. B., Berg, D., Stern, M., Poewe, W., Olanow, C. W., Oertel, W., Obeso, J., Marek, K., Litvan, I., Lang, A. E., et al. (2015) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26424 · Cited by 7,653
Self-citationKalia, L. V., & Lang, A. E. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61393-3 · Cited by 6,184
Feigin, V. L., Nichols, E., Alam, T., Bannick, M. S., Beghi, E., Blake, N., Culpepper, W. J., Dorsey, E. R., Elbaz, A., Ellenbogen, R. G., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30499-x · Cited by 5,644
Gut microbiota regulate motor deficits and neuroinflammation in a model of Parkinson's disease
Sampson, T. R., Debelius, J. W., Thron, T., Janssen, S., Shastri, G. G., Ilhan, Z. E., Challis, C., Schretter, C. E., Rocha, S., Gradinaru, V., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.018 · Cited by 3,622
Huber, M., Knottnerus, J. A., Green, L., van der Horst, H. E., Jadad, A. R., Kromhout, D., Leonard, B. E., Lorig, K. R., Loureiro, I., Meer, J. W. M. V. D., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d4163 · Cited by 2,983
Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson Disease: A Review
Armstrong, M. J., & Okun, M. S. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.22360 · Cited by 2,924
Self-citationDorsey, E. R., Elbaz, A., Nichols, E., Abbasi, N., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Adsuar, J. C., Ansha, M. G., Brayne, C., Choi, J.-Y. J., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30295-3 · Cited by 2,816
Nalls, M. A., Blauwendraat, C., Vallerga, C. L., Heilbron, K., Bandres-Ciga, S., Chang, D., Tan, M., Kia, D. A., Noyce, A. J., Xue, A., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30320-5 · Cited by 2,454
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kamath, T., Abdulraouf, A., Burris, S. J., Langlieb, J., Gazestani, V., Nadaf, N. M., Balderrama, K., Vanderburg, C., & Macosko, E. Z. (2022) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-022-01061-1 · Cited by 552
Fluorescent Probes for Disease Diagnosis
Wang, X., Ding, Q., Groleau, R. R., Wu, L., Mao, Y., Che, F., Kotova, O. V., Scanlan, E. M., Lewis, S. E., Li, P., et al. (2024) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00776 · Cited by 570
A biological classification of Parkinson's disease: the SynNeurGe research diagnostic criteria
Höglinger, G. U., Adler, C. H., Berg, D., Klein, C., Outeiro, T. F., Poewe, W. H., Postuma, R. B., Stoessl, A. J., & Lang, A. E. (2024) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00404-0 · Cited by 607
Self-citationImmunological mechanisms of inflammatory diseases caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis: A review
Zhao, M., Chu, J., Feng, S., Guo, C., Xue, B., He, K., & Li, L. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114985 · Cited by 510
Genetics and Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Syndrome
Ye, H., Robak, L. A., Yu, M., Cykowski, M. D., & Shulman, J. M. (2022) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-034145 · Cited by 503
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease – a key disease hallmark with therapeutic potential
Henrich, M. T., Oertel, W. H., Surmeier, D. J., & Geibl, F. F. (2023) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-023-00676-7 · Cited by 450
The microbiome–gut–brain axis in Parkinson disease — from basic research to the clinic
Tan, A. H., Lim, S. Y., & Lang, A. E. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-022-00681-2 · Cited by 392
Brakedal, B., Dölle, C., Riemer, F., Ma, Y., Nido, G. S., Skeie, G. O., Craven, A. R., Schwarzlmüller, T., Brekke, N., Diab, J., et al. (2022) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.001 · Cited by 323
Wnt signaling pathways in biology and disease: mechanisms and therapeutic advances
Chen, X., Chu, Q., Shi, Q., Zeng, Y., Lu, J., & Li, J. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02142-w · Cited by 347
Molecular mechanisms of aging and anti-aging strategies
Li, Y., Tian, X., Luo, J., Bao, T., Wang, S., & Wu, X. (2024) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-024-01663-1 · Cited by 380
α-Synuclein in synaptic function and dysfunction
Sharma, M., & Burré, J. (2022) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2022.11.007 · Cited by 270
Motor and non-motor circuit disturbances in early Parkinson disease: which happens first?
Blesa, J., Foffani, G., Dehay, B., Bezard, E., & Obeso, J. A. (2022) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-021-00542-9 · Cited by 232
PINK1-PRKN mediated mitophagy: differences between in vitro and in vivo models
Han, R., Liu, Y., Li, S., Li, X., & Yang, W. (2022) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2022.2139080 · Cited by 247
Zinc Toxicity: Understanding the Limits
Schoofs, H., Schmit, J., & Rink, L. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29133130 · Cited by 258
Physical exercise for people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Ernst, M., Folkerts, A., Gollan, R., Lieker, E., Caro-Valenzuela, J., Adams, A., Cryns, N., Monsef, I., Dresen, A., Roheger, M., et al. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013856.pub2 · Cited by 251
Vucic, S., Chen, K.-H. S., Kiernan, M. C., Hallett, M., Benninger, D. H., Lazzaro, V. D., Rossini, P. M., Benussi, A., Berardelli, A., Currà, A., et al. (2023) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2023.03.010 · Cited by 238
The Role of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases
Dyńka, D., Kowalcze, K., & Paziewska, A. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14235003 · Cited by 245
Ceria‐Based Therapeutic Antioxidants for Biomedical Applications
Kim, Y. G., Lee, Y., Lee, N., Soh, M., Kim, D., & Hyeon, T. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202210819 · Cited by 219
Chaudhary, M. R., Chaudhary, S., Sharma, Y., Singh, T. A., Mishra, A. K., Sharma, S. G., & Mehdi, M. M. (2023) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-023-10050-1 · Cited by 218
iPSC-based disease modeling and drug discovery in cardinal neurodegenerative disorders
Okano, H., & Morimoto, S. (2022) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2022.01.007 · Cited by 206
Parkinson’s disease and gut microbiota: from clinical to mechanistic and therapeutic studies
Zhang, X., Tang, B., & Guo, J. (2023) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-023-00392-8 · Cited by 212
Brain-first vs. body-first Parkinson's disease: An update on recent evidence
Horsager, J., & Borghammer, P. (2024) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106101 · Cited by 177
The epithelial barrier theory and its associated diseases
Sun, N., Öğülür, İ., Mitamura, Y., Yazıcı, D., Pat, Y., Bu, X., Li, M., Zhu, X., Babayev, H., Ardıçlı, S., et al. (2024) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.16318 · Cited by 190
Electrospun Fibers Control Drug Delivery for Tissue Regeneration and Cancer Therapy
Li, L., Hao, R., Qin, J., Song, J., Chen, X., Rao, F., Zhai, J., Zhao, Y., Zhang, L., & Xue, J. (2022) · Advanced Fiber Materials · doi:10.1007/s42765-022-00198-9 · Cited by 181
Vijiaratnam, N., Girges, C., Auld, G., McComish, R., King, A., Skene, S. S., Hibbert, S., Wong, A., Melander, S., Gibson, R., et al. (2025) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)02808-3 · Cited by 181
Clinical and imaging evidence of brain-first and body-first Parkinson's disease
Horsager, J., Knudsen, K., & Sommerauer, M. (2022) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105626 · Cited by 164
Kirkeby, A., Nelander, J., Hoban, D. B., Rogelius, N., Bjartmarz, H., Storm, P., Fiorenzano, A., Adler, A. F., Vale, S., Mudannayake, J., et al. (2023) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2023.08.014 · Cited by 158
Wei, Y., Miao, Q., Zhang, Q., Mao, S., Li, M., Xu, X., Xia, X., Wei, K., Fan, Y., Zheng, X., et al. (2023) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-023-01476-4 · Cited by 153
Cheng, Y., Tan, G., Zhu, Q., Wang, C., Ruan, G., Ying, S., Qie, J., Hu, X., Xiao, Z., Xu, F., et al. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2284247 · Cited by 147
Insights into Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Human Diseases
Liu, M., Sun, X., Chen, B., Dai, R., Xi, Z., & Xu, H. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232415893 · Cited by 157
Bruggeman, A., Vandendriessche, C., Hamerlinck, H., De Looze, D., Tate, D. J., Vuylsteke, M., De Commer, L., Devolder, L., Raes, J., Verhasselt, B., et al. (2024) · eClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102563 · Cited by 139
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapy
Gao, X., Yang, T., Gu, Y., & Sun, X.-H. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.885500 · Cited by 151
Wet‐Adhesive Elastomer for Liquid Metal‐Based Conformal Epidermal Electronics
Cheng, J., Shang, J., Yang, S., Dou, J., Shi, X., & Jiang, X. (2022) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202200444 · Cited by 139
lncRNA NEAT1: Key player in neurodegenerative diseases
Li, K., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.101878 · Cited by 137
The heterogeneity of Parkinson’s disease
Wüllner, U., Borghammer, P., Choe, C., Csóti, I., Falkenburger, B. H., Gasser, T., Lingor, P., & Riederer, P. F. (2023) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-023-02635-4 · Cited by 144
Hällqvist, J., Bartl, M., Dakna, M., Schade, S., Garagnani, P., Bacalini, M. G., Pirazzini, C., Bhatia, K. P., Schreglmann, S. R., Xylaki, M., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48961-3 · Cited by 131
Loh, H. W., Hong, W., Ooi, C. P., Chakraborty, S., Barua, P. D., Deo, R. C., Soar, J., Palmer, E. E., & Acharya, U. R. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21217034 · Cited by 137
Unravelling cell type-specific responses to Parkinson’s Disease at single cell resolution
Martirosyan, A., Ansari, R. A., Pestana, F., Hebestreit, K., Gasparyan, H. A., Aleksanyan, R., Hnatova, S., Poovathingal, S. K., Marneffe, C., Thal, D. R., et al. (2024) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-023-00699-0 · Cited by 145
Mechanisms of peripheral levodopa resistance in Parkinson’s disease
Beckers, M., Bloem, B. R., & Verbeek, M. M. (2022) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-022-00321-y · Cited by 137
Self-citationThe pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease tremor
Dirkx, M. F., & Bologna, M. (2022) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120196 · Cited by 131
Bayesian Optimization with Support Vector Machine Model for Parkinson Disease Classification
Elshewey, A. M., Shams, M. Y., El-Rashidy, N. M., Elhady, A. M., Shohieb, S. M., & Tarek, Z. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23042085 · Cited by 125
Magnesium and the Brain: A Focus on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration
Maier, J. A. M., Locatelli, L., Fedele, G., Cazzaniga, A., & Mazur, A. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24010223 · Cited by 139
Yang, Y., Li, Z., Fan, X., Jiang, C. Q., Wang, J., Rastegar‐Kashkooli, Y., Wang, T. J., Wang, J., Wang, M., Cheng, N., et al. (2024) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c03425 · Cited by 129
Sleep and sleep disorders in people with Parkinson's disease
Iranzo, Á., Cock, V. C. D., Fantini, M. L., Pérez‐Carbonell, L., & Trotti, L. M. (2024) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00170-4 · Cited by 120
Recent advances in biomimetic nanodelivery systems: New brain-targeting strategies
Liao, J., Fan, L., Li, Y., Xu, Q.-Q., Xiong, L., Zhang, S., Liu, J.-H., Xiao, Z.-C., Zhang, C., Yang, J., et al. (2023) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.05.009 · Cited by 119
SIRT1 pathway in Parkinson’s disease: a faraway snapshot but so close
Batiha, G. E., Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Al-Gareeb, A. I., & Elekhnawy, E. (2022) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-022-01125-5 · Cited by 120
Deep Transfer Learning Based Parkinson’s Disease Detection Using Optimized Feature Selection
Abdullah, S. M., Abbas, T., Bashir, M. H., Khaja, I. A., Ahmad, M., Soliman, N. F., & El‐Shafai, W. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3233969 · Cited by 118
Zheng, Q. Y., Liu, H., Zhang, H., Han, Y., Yuan, J., Wang, T., Gao, Y., & Li, Z. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202300758 · Cited by 117
Nose-to-brain drug delivery: from bench to bedside
Drath, I., Richter, F., & Feja, M. (2025) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-025-00481-w · Cited by 132
Gustavsson, E. K., Follett, J., Trinh, J., Barodia, S. K., Real, R., Liu, Z., Grant-Peters, M., Fox, J. D., Appel-Cresswell, S., Stoessl, A. J., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00121-2 · Cited by 114
Cui, C., Han, Y., Li, H., Yu, H., Zhang, B., & Li, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.887407 · Cited by 114
Lv, Q.-K., Tao, K., Wang, X.-B., Yao, X., Pang, M., Liu, J., Wang, F., & Liu, C. (2023) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-022-01676-x · Cited by 112
Agarwal, S., & Muqit, M. M. K. (2021) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2021.09.005 · Cited by 104
Noncancerous disease-targeting AIEgens
Duo, Y., Luo, G., Zhang, W., Wang, R., Xiao, G. G., Li, Z., Li, X., Chen, M., Yoon, J., & Tang, B. Z. (2023) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d2cs00610c · Cited by 106
Parkinson’s disease variant detection and disclosure: PD GENEration, a North American study
Cook, L., Verbrugge, J., Schwantes-An, T.-H., Schulze, J., Foroud, T., Hall, A., Marder, K. S., Mata, I. F., Mencacci, N. E., Nance, M. A., et al. (2024) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awae142 · Cited by 108
Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson’s Disease and Future Prospects: A 2021 Update
Gouda, N. A., Elkamhawy, A., & Cho, J. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10020371 · Cited by 112
Xu, T., Dong, W., Liu, J., Yin, P., Wang, Z., Zhang, L., & Zhou, M. (2024) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101078 · Cited by 104
Miao, J., Chen, L., Pan, X., Li, L.-Q., Zhao, B., & Lan, J. X. (2023) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-023-01376-y · Cited by 121
Lv, Q.-K., Tao, K., Yao, X., Pang, M., Cao, B., Liu, C., & Wang, F. (2024) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/jpi.12948 · Cited by 108
Iron homeostasis imbalance and ferroptosis in brain diseases
Long, H., Zhu, W., Wei, L., & Zhao, J. (2023) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.298 · Cited by 108
Physical Frailty, Genetic Predisposition, and Incident Parkinson Disease
Zheng, Z., Lv, Y., Rong, S., Sun, T., & Chen, L. (2023) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.0183 · Cited by 104
Nanoplastics exacerbate Parkinson's disease symptoms in C. elegans and human cells
Jeong, A., Park, S. J., Lee, E. J., & Kim, K. W. (2023) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133289 · Cited by 109
Chen, C., Wang, G., Li, D., & Zhang, F. (2025) · Molecular Biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-025-00307-1 · Cited by 133
LRRK2 and Parkinson's disease: from genetics to targeted therapy
Sosero, Y. L., & Gan‐Or, Z. (2023) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51776 · Cited by 97
Han, Q.-Q., & Le, W. (2023) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-023-01023-y · Cited by 106
Wu, J., Han, Y., Xu, H., Sun, H., Wang, R., Ren, H., & Wang, G. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi8343 · Cited by 109
The immunology of Parkinson’s disease
Zhu, B., Yin, D., Zhao, H., & Zhang, L. (2022) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-022-00947-3 · Cited by 108
Kuzu, O. F., Granerud, L. J. T., & Saatcioglu, F. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02439-w · Cited by 128
Exercise as medicine in Parkinson’s disease
Langeskov‐Christensen, M., Franzén, E., Hvid, L. G., & Dalgas, U. (2024) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2023-332974 · Cited by 96
Franco, G. A., Interdonato, L., Cordaro, M., Cuzzocrea, S., & Paola, R. D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24087318 · Cited by 103
Pablo-Moreno, J. A. D., Serrano, L. J., Revuelta, L., Sánchez, M. J., & Liras, A. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158283 · Cited by 101
Anthocyanins in Chronic Diseases: The Power of Purple
Panchal, S. K., John, O. D., Mathai, M. L., & Brown, L. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14102161 · Cited by 94
Karvandi, M. S., Hesari, F. S., Aref, A. R., & Mahdavi, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1105247 · Cited by 97
Bologna, M., Espay, A. J., Fasano, A. A., Paparella, G., Hallett, M., & Berardelli, A. (2023) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.29362 · Cited by 100
Parkinson’s disease and intensive exercise therapy — An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Gamborg, M., Hvid, L. G., Dalgas, U., & Langeskov‐Christensen, M. (2022) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.13579 · Cited by 90
The benefits of hesperidin in central nervous system disorders, based on the neuroprotective effect
Li, X., Huang, W., Tan, R., Xu, C., Chen, X., Li, S., Liu, Y., Qiu, H., Cao, H., & Cheng, Q. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114222 · Cited by 88
Goldman, J. G., Volpe, D., Ellis, T. D., Hirsch, M. A., Johnson, J. A., Wood, J., Vinagre‐Aragón, A., Biundo, R., Rocco, A. D., Kasman, G. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-230117 · Cited by 93
Qin, Y., He, R., Chen, J., Zhou, X., Zhou, X. C., Liu, Z., Xu, Q., Guo, J., Yan, X., Jiang, N., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-023-11594-5 · Cited by 83
Levodopa-loaded nanoparticles for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
van Vliet, E. F., Knol, M. J., Schiffelers, R. M., Caiazzo, M., & Fens, M. H. A. M. (2023) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.026 · Cited by 85
Blood–brain barrier endothelial cells in neurodegenerative diseases: Signals from the “barrier”
Yuan, Y., Sun, J., Dong, Q., & Cui, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1047778 · Cited by 90
Bach1 derepression is neuroprotective in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Ahuja, M., Kaidery, N. A., Attucks, O. C., McDade, E., Hushpulian, D. M., Gaisin, A. M., Gaisina, I. N., Ahn, Y., Nikulin, S. V., Poloznikov, A. A., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2111643118 · Cited by 82
Neuronal FAM171A2 mediates α-synuclein fibril uptake and drives Parkinson’s disease
Wu, K., Xu, Q., Liu, Y., Feng, Y., Han, S., Zhang, Y.-R., Chen, S.-D., Guo, Y. X., Wu, B., Ma, L., et al. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adp3645 · Cited by 85
Wu, X., Yang, Z., Zou, J., Gao, H., Shao, Z., Li, C., & Lei, P. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02179-x · Cited by 88
Trichloroethylene: An Invisible Cause of Parkinson’s Disease?
Dorsey, E. R., Zafar, M., Lettenberger, S. E., Pawlik, M. E., Kinel, D., Frissen, M., Schneider, R. B., Kieburtz, K. D., Tanner, C. M., Miranda, B. R. D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-225047 · Cited by 80
Self-citationThe Endotoxin Hypothesis of Parkinson's Disease
Brown, G. C., Camacho, M., & Williams‐Gray, C. H. (2023) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.29432 · Cited by 85
Spatial transcriptomics reveals molecular dysfunction associated with cortical Lewy pathology
Goralski, T. M., Meyerdirk, L. K., Breton, L., Brasseur, L., Kurgat, K., DeWeerd, D., Turner, L., Becker, K., Adams, M., Newhouse, D., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47027-8 · Cited by 79
Xu, Y., Yan, G., Zhao, J., Ren, Y., Xiao, Q., Tan, M., & Peng, L. (2024) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102438 · Cited by 80
Significance of Programmed Cell Death Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Guo, D., Liu, Z., Zhou, J., Ke, C., & Li, D. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25189947 · Cited by 83
The state of telemedicine for persons with Parkinson's disease
van den Bergh, R., Bloem, B. R., Meinders, M. J., & Evers, L. J. W. (2021) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000953 · Cited by 79
Self-citationBerven, H., Kverneng, S. U., Sheard, E., Søgnen, M., Geijerstam, S. A. A., Haugarvoll, K., Skeie, G. O., Dölle, C., & Tzoulis, C. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-43514-6 · Cited by 91
Soft robotic apparel to avert freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease
Kim, J., Porciuncula, F., Yang, H. D., Wendel, N. C., Baker, T. C., Chin, A., Ellis, T. D., & Walsh, C. J. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02731-8 · Cited by 81
Calderone, A., Latella, D., Bonanno, M., Quartarone, A., Mojdehdehbaher, S., Celesti, A., & Calabrò, R. S. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12102415 · Cited by 78
Circular RNAs in the human brain are tailored to neuron identity and neuropsychiatric disease
Dong, X., Bai, Y., Liao, Z., Gritsch, D., Liu, X., Wang, T., Borges-Monroy, R., Ehrlich, A., Serrano, G. E., Feany, M. Β., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40348-0 · Cited by 83
Physical exercise for people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Ernst, M., Folkerts, A., Gollan, R., Lieker, E., Caro-Valenzuela, J., Adams, A., Cryns, N., Monsef, I., Dresen, A., Roheger, M., et al. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013856.pub3 · Cited by 94
Li, L., Yuan, J., Dai, Z., Song, X., Tu, Q., Cui, X., Zhai, S., Chen, X., He, Z., Fang, B., et al. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202409329 · Cited by 86
Fabrication of MOF-based Nanozyme sensor arrays and their application in disease diagnosis
Wang, M., Zhang, H., Yan, S., Zhou, Y., Guo, X., An, D., Zhong, W., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216506 · Cited by 79
Wang, Q., Li, T., Yang, J., Zhao, Z., Tan, K., Tang, S., Wan, M., & Mao, C. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202201406 · Cited by 78
Parkinson’s Disease is Predominantly a Genetic Disease
Lim, S., & Klein, C. (2024) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-230376 · Cited by 75
Self-citationTNF-NF-κB-p53 axis restricts in vivo survival of hPSC-derived dopamine neurons
Kim, T. W., Koo, S. Y., Rießland, M., Chaudhry, F. F., Kolisnyk, B., Cho, H., Russo, M. V., Saurat, N. G., Mehta, S., Garippa, R. J., et al. (2024) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.030 · Cited by 81
Loneliness and Risk of Parkinson Disease
Terracciano, A., Luchetti, M., Karaköse, S., Stéphan, Y., & Sutin, A. R. (2023) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.3382 · Cited by 80
Metadata
- Authors
- Bloem, B. R., Okun, M. S., & Klein, C.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- University of Florida Health (US)
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bloem, Bastiaan R
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 397
- Issue
- 10291
- Pages
- 2284-2303
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W4206481149
- Cited by
- 3,920
- References
- 159
- Citations by year
- 2026: 878 · 2025: 1098 · 2024: 901 · 2023: 607 · 2022: 364 · 2021: 72
- FWCI
- 62.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Parkinson's Foundation (FOR2488)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, neurodegeneration, genetic risk variants, monogenic Parkinson's disease, non-motor symptoms, levodopa, disease-modifying therapy, multidisciplinary care, non-pharmacological treatment, diagnosis, prodromal period
- MeSH terms
- Antiparkinson Agents, Humans, Levodopa, Parkinson Disease, Time Factors, Tremor, Disease Management, Prodromal Symptoms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
