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Cited by 494Global Cancer Incidence and ScreeningColorectal Cancer Screening and DetectionEconomic and Financial Impacts of Cancer

The global, regional, and national burden of cancer, 1990–2023, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

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Force, Lisa M, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, May, Miranda L, Bhangdia, Kayleigh, Crist, Andrew, Penberthy, Louise, Pritchett, Natalie, Acheson, Alistair +1369 more·2025·The Lancet
DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01635-6PMC PMC12687902
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Abstract

Background Cancer is a leading cause of death globally. Accurate cancer burden information is crucial for policy planning, but many countries do not have up-to-date cancer surveillance data. To inform global cancer-control efforts, we used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 framework to generate and analyse estimates of cancer burden for 47 cancer types or groupings by age, sex, and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023, cancer burden attributable to selected risk factors from 1990 to 2023, and forecasted cancer burden up to 2050. Methods Cancer estimation in GBD 2023 used data from population-based cancer registration systems, vital registration systems, and verbal autopsies. Cancer mortality was estimated using ensemble models, with incidence informed by mortality estimates and mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Prevalence estimates were generated from modelled survival estimates, then multiplied by disability weights to estimate years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the GBD standard life expectancy at the age of death. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We used the GBD 2023 comparative risk assessment framework to estimate cancer burden attributable to 44 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. To forecast cancer burden from 2024 to 2050, we used the GBD 2023 forecasting framework, which included forecasts of relevant risk factor exposures and used Socio-demographic Index as a covariate for forecasting the proportion of each cancer not affected by these risk factors. Progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.4 aim to reduce non-communicable disease mortality by a third between 2015 and 2030 was estimated for cancer. Findings In 2023, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, there were 18·5 million (95% uncertainty interval 16·4 to 20·7) incident cases of cancer and 10·4 million (9·65 to 10·9) deaths, contributing to 271 million (255 to 285) DALYs globally. Of these, 57·9% (56·1 to 59·8) of incident cases and 65·8% (64·3 to 67·6) of cancer deaths occurred in low-income to upper-middle-income countries based on World Bank income group classifications. Cancer was the second leading cause of deaths globally in 2023 after cardiovascular diseases. There were 4·33 million (3·85 to 4·78) risk-attributable cancer deaths globally in 2023, comprising 41·7% (37·8 to 45·4) of all cancer deaths. Risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 72·3% (57·1 to 86·8) from 1990 to 2023, whereas overall global cancer deaths increased by 74·3% (62·2 to 86·2) over the same period. The reference forecasts (the most likely future) estimate that in 2050 there will be 30·5 million (22·9 to 38·9) cases and 18·6 million (15·6 to 21·5) deaths from cancer globally, 60·7% (41·9 to 80·6) and 74·5% (50·1 to 104·2) increases from 2024, respectively. These forecasted increases in deaths are greater in low-income and middle-income countries (90·6% [61·0 to 127·0]) compared with high-income countries (42·8% [28·3 to 58·6]). Most of these increases are likely due to demographic changes, as age-standardised death rates are forecast to change by -5·6% (-12·8 to 4·6) between 2024 and 2050 globally. Between 2015 and 2030, the probability of dying due to cancer between the ages of 30 years and 70 years was forecasted to have a relative decrease of 6·5% (3·2 to 10·3). Interpretation Cancer is a major contributor to global disease burden, with increasing numbers of cases and deaths forecasted up to 2050 and a disproportionate growth in burden in countries with scarce resources. The decline in age-standardised mortality rates from cancer is encouraging but insufficient to meet the SDG target set for 2030. Effectively and sustainably addressing cancer burden globally will require comprehensive national and international efforts that consider health systems and context in the development and implementation of cancer-control strategies across the continuum of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Funding Gates Foundation, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, and St Baldrick's Foundation.

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Force, L. M., Kocarnik, J. M., May, M. L., Bhangdia, K., Crist, A., Penberthy, L., Pritchett, N., Acheson, A., Deitesfeld, L., A, B., Aalruz, H., Abbas, N., Abbasalipour bashash, M., Abd Al Magied, A. H. A., Abd ElHafeez, S., Abdalla, A. N., Abdalla, M. A., Abdel-Rahman, W. M., Abdi, P., Abdisa, W. M., Abdissa, D., Abdollahi, A., Abdoun, M., Abdous, A., Abdullahi, A., Abebe, M., Abedi, A., Abidi, S. H., Abie, A., Abiodun, O., Aboagye, R. G., Abolhassani, H., Abonie, U. S., Abreu, L. G., Abubakar, A. K., Abubakar, B., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abukhadijah, H. J., Aburuz, S., Abu-Zaid, A., Achar, R. R., Acuna, J. M., Adams, L. C., Adamu, L. H., Addo, I. Y., Adedokun, K. A., Adegoke, N. A., Adekanmbi, V., Adesiyan, I. M., Adewuyi, H. O., Adiga, U., Adnani, Q. E. S., Adoma, P. O., Adzigbli, L. A., Afifi, A. M., Afolabi, A. A., Afrashteh, F., Afrooghe, A., Afzal, M. S., Agampodi, S. B., Aggarwal, N., Agide, F. D., Agostinis Sobrinho, C., Agyemang-Duah, W., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, D., Ahmad, F., Ahmad, K., Ahmad, M. M., Ahmad, S., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, E., Ahmadzade, A. M., Ahmadzade, M., Ahmed, A., Ahmed, A., Ahmed, G. S., Ahmed, I., Ahmed, L. A., Ahmed, M. S., Ahmed, M. S., Ahmed, M. B., Ahmed, N., Ahmed, S. A., Ajala, D. E., Ajami, M., Akhigbe, R. E., Akinosoglou, K., Al Awaidy, S., Al Hamad, H., Al Hasan, S. M., Al Omari, O., Al Qadire, M., Al Thaher, Y., Al Zaabi, O. A. M., Alam, K., Alam, Z., Alansari, A., Al-Ashwal, F. Y., Al-Daken, L. I., Aldhaleei, W. A., Aleidi, S. M., Alemayehu, B. A., Al-Eyadhy, A., Algammal, A. M., Al-Gheethi, A. A. S., Al-Hanawi, M. K., Alhuwail, D., Ali, A., Ali, E. A., Ali, M. D., Ali, M. U., Ali, R., Ali, S. S., Ali, W., Alif, S. M., Al-Jabi, S. W., Aljunid, S. M., Alkhatib, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Alnaeem, M. M., Alniss, H. Y., Alocious Sukumar, M. B., Alomari, M. A., Alosta, M. R., Alqahtani, S. A., Al-Qudimat, A. R., Al-Raddadi, R. M. M., Alrawashdeh, A., Alrimawi, I., Alrousan, S. 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I., Muthupandian, S., Myung, W., Nabavi, A., Nagarajan, A. J., Nagel, G., Naghavi, P., Naik, G., Naimzada, M. D., Nainu, F., Nair, T. S., Najmuldeen, H. H. R., Nam, H. S., Nargus, S., Nartey, Y., Nashwan, A. J., Nassar, M., Natto, Z. S., Nauman, J., Nawsherwan, Nayak, B. P., Nayon, M. F. S., Nazri-Panjaki, A., Ndishimye, P., Nega, A. T., Negahdary, M., Negoi, I., Nejjari, C., Nekouei, O., Nepal, G., Netsere, H. B., Ngabonziza, J. C. S. S., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, D., Nguyen, K. V. N., Nguyen, N., Nguyen, T. P., Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, V. T., Niazi, R. K., Nieddu, L., Nikravangolsefid, N., Niranjan, V., Niyonsenga, J. M. V., Nnaji, C. A., Nnyanzi, L. A., Nomura, S., Noor, N. M., Noor, S. T. A., Noorafrooz, M., Noroozi, M., Nri-Ezedi, C. A., Nugen, F., Nurrika, D., Nzoputam, C. I., Nzoputam, O. J., Oancea, B., Obakachi, V. A., Odetokun, I. A., Oduro, M. S., Oguta, J. O., Oh, I.-H., Okati-Aliabad, H., Okeke, S. R., Okekunle, A. P., Okonji, O. C., Olagunju, A. T., Olanrewaju, T. O. O., Olatubi, M. I., Omage, F. B., Omar, H. A., Omer, G. L., Omonisi, A. E., Ong, S. K., Onwujekwe, O. E., Opitz, M., Ordak, M., Orish, V. N., Orscelik, A., Ortiz-Prado, E., Osborne, A., Osman, A. A., Ostroff, S. M., Osuagwu, U. L., Othman, E. H., Otorkpa, O. J., Otstavnov, S. S., Ouyahia, A., Owolabi, M. O., Oyebanji, O. A., Oyebola, K., Ozsahin, I., P A, M., Padron-Monedero, A., Padubidri, J. R., Palicz, T., Panda, S. K., Panda-Jonas, S., Pande Katare, D., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Pang, K., Panos, G. D., Panos, L. D., Pantazopoulos, I., Papa, M. V., Paranjkhoo, P., Parhizkar Roudsari, P., Parikh, R. R., Park, E.-C., Pasovic, M., Passera, R., Patel, J., Patel, R. J., Patil, S., Patra, A., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Pekarcikova, J., Pensato, U., Peprah, P., Pereira, J., Peres, M. F. P., Perna, S., Pestell, R. G., Peter, O. J., Petermann-Rocha, F. E., Pham, H. T., Pham, T. T., Pierannunzio, D., Pillay, J. D., Piracha, Z. Z., Pirouzpanah, S., Poluru, R., Pon Avudaiappan, A., Postma, M. J., Pourbabaki, R., Pourghazi, F., Prabhu, D., Pradhan, J., Prakash, P. Y., Prasad, C. P., Prashant, A., Prates, E. J. S., Pribadi, D. R. A., Puvvula, J., Qazi, A. S., Qiu, S., Qurbani, K., Raeisi Shahraki, H., Rafiee, A., Rafiei, A., Raghuveer, P., Rahim, H. M.-A., Rahman, F. M., Rahman, M. M., Rahman, M. M., Rahman, M., Rahman, M. A., Rahmani, A. M., Rahmani, S., Rahmati, M., Rai, P., Raimondo, D., Raimondo, I., Rajaa, S., Rajabi, R., Rajizadeh, M. A., Ramadan, M., Ramasamy, C., Ramasamy, S. K., Ramesh, P. S., Ramezani, Z., Rana, J., Rana, R. K., Rancic, N., Ranjbar Noei, F., Rao, C., Rao, K., Rao, M., Rao, S. J., Rashedi, V., Rashidi, M.-M., Rathish, D., Rauniyar, S. K., Rautalin, I., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Redwan, E., Rege, S., Reis-Mendes, A., Restaino, S., Rezaei, N., Rezaei, N., Rezaei, N., Rezaeian, M., Ribeiro da Silva, T. M., Ribeiro Guerra, M. R., Rizvi, M. R., Roberts, T. J., Rocha, H. A. L., Rocha-Gomes, J. R., Rodrigues da Silva, T. P., Rohilla, R., Rohloff, P., Root, K. T., Roshandel, G., Roshanshad, A., Rout, H. S., Rovera, G., Roy, N., Roy, S., Saber, K., Saber-Ayad, M. M., Sabet, C. J., Sabour, S., Saddik, B. A., Sadegh, T., Saeb, M. R., Saeed, K., Saeed, M., Saeed, U., Saghazadeh, A., Saheb Sharif-Askari, F., Saheb Sharif-Askari, N., Sahebkar, A., Sahoo, P. M., Sahoo, S. S., Sajid, M. R., Saleh, M. A., Salehi, L., Salek Farrokhi, A., Salem, M. R., Salimi, S., Samadi, P., Samaranayake, J. E., Samodra, Y. L., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Sarasmita, M. A., Saravanan, A., Sargazi, S., Sarkar, T., Sarode, G. S., Sarode, S. C., Sarveazad, A., Sassano, M., Sathian, B., Satpathy, M., Sattarpour, R., Saulam, J., Sawhney, M., Saxena, J., Schaarschmidt, B. M., Schinckus, C., Schneider, I. J. C., Schuermans, A., Schumacher, A. E., Sekar, D., Sekaran, S., Šekerija, M., Semreen, M. H., Sendekie, A. K., Sengupta, P., Senol, Y. C., Senthilkumaran, S., Serban, D., Sethi, Y., Seyed Alshohadaei, S. M., Seyedmirzaei, H., Seylani, A., Shabany, M., Shafie, M., Shahab, M., Shahbandi, A., Shahid, S., Shahid, S. A. A., Shahsavari, H. R., Shahwan, M. J., Shaikh, M. A., Shamim, M. A., Shams, E., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shamsi, A., Shamsutdinova, A., Shan, D., Shanawaz, M., Shankar, A., Shannawaz, M., Sharew, N. T., Sharifan, A., Sharma, M., Sharma, R., Sharma, U., Sharma, V., Shastry, S., Shawahna, R., Shayan, M., Sheida, F., Sherchan, S. P., Shetty, P. H., Shetty, P. K., Shetty, R. S., Shetty, S. S., Shibani, M., Shittu, A., Shivarov, V., Shokati Eshkiki, Z., Shongwe, S. N., Shool, S., Shorofi, S. A., Shrestha, S., Shuval, K., Si, Y., Sibuyi, N. R. S., Siddig, E. E., Siddiqi, A. K., Silva, L. M. L. R., Singh, A., Singh, B., Singh, H., Singh, J. A., Singh, K., Singh, M., Singh, P., Singh, P. K., Singh, P., Singh, S., Singh, S., Sinha, M. K., Sitas, F., Siyoum, D. F., Skryabina, A. A., Smith, A. E., Sobia, F., Solikhah, S., Soliman, S. S. M., Sood, A., Spearman, S., Srichawla, B. S., Srinivasamurthy, S. K., Srivastava, D. B., Straif, K., Subramaniyan, V., Suleiman, A. G., Suleiman Odidi, M. O., Suleman, M., Sulistiyorini, D., Sultan Meo, A., Sun, Z., Suresh, V., Susianti, H., Swain, C. K., Szarpak, L., T Y, S. S., Tabaee Damavandi, P., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tabatabaei, F. S., Tabatabaei, S. M., Tabibi, R., Tabish, M., Taha, S. R., Taheri Abkenar, Y., Taheri Soodejani, M., Taiba, J., Talaat, I. M., Tampa, M., Tamuzi, J. L., Tan, K.-K., Tanwar, M., Tariq, S., Tavangar, S. M., Taye, B. T., Tbakhi, A., Tekola, A., Temsah, M.-H., Terefa, D. R., Tesfamariam, W. B., Teye-Kwadjo, E., Thangavelu, L., Thapar, R., Thayakaran, R., Thayumana Sundaram, M., Theyra-Enias, H., Thomas, N., Thomas, N. K., Ticoalu, J. H. V., Tiruye, T. Y., Tiwari, K., Topor-Madry, R., Toriola, A. T., Touvier, M., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Traini, E., Tran, B. X., Tran, N. H., Tran, Q. T. H., Tran, T. H., Trico, D., Tsatsakis, A., Tualeka, A. R., Tuffour Amirikah, M., Tuglo, L. S., Ullah, A., Ullah, S., Umakanthan, S., Umar, L., Umar, S. S., Umar, U. M., Unim, B., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhya, D., Vaithinathan, A. G., Vakili, O., Van den Eynde, J., Varasteh, J., Varthya, S. B., Vaziri, S., Vellingiri, B., Verma, M., Veroux, M., Verras, G.-I., Villa, S., Villanueva, G. I., Violante, F. S., Vizzielli, G., Vladimirov, S. K., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S. E., Vounzoulaki, E., Waheed, Y., Wang, C., Wang, R., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Waqas, M., Ward, P., Wassie, T. H., Weerakoon, K. G., Westerman, R., Wicaksana, A. L., Wickramasinghe, D. P., Wickramasinghe, N. D. D., Wijarnpreecha, K., Willeit, P., Wojewodzic, M. W., Wolf, A. W., Wu, F., Wu, J. F., Wu, Z., Xia, Q., Xia, Z., Xiao, L., Xie, W., Xu, L., Xu, S., Xue, M., Yadav, M. K., Yahya, G., Yarahmadi, A., Yassin, M. A., Yaya, S., Ye, P., Yesuf, S. A., Yezli, S., Yin, D., Yirdaw, B. A., Yon, D. K., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M. Z., Yousefi, Z., Yu, C., Yuan, C.-W., Zadnik, V., Zafar, S. N., Zaghampour, M., Zakham, F., Zaki, N., Zamagni, G., Zaman, B. A., Zaman, S. B., Zare Sakhvidi, M. J., Zastrozhin, M., Zawiah, M., Zeariya, M. G. M., Zemariam, A. B., Zensen, S., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z.-J., Zhao, Y., Zheng, D. X., Zheng, J., Zheng, M.-H., Zhong, A., Zhong, C. C., Zhou, J., Zhou, J., Zhu, B., Zhumagaliuly, A., Zielińska, M., Zitoun, O. A., Zrieq, R. M., Zuber, M., Zyoud, S. H., Zyoud, S. H., Vos, T., & Murray, C. J. L.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington (US)
  • Amity University (IN)
  • Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan (JO)
  • City University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • Umm al-Qura University (SA)
  • University of Hull (GB)
  • University of Sharjah (AE)
  • Memorial University of Newfoundland (CA)
  • Jimma University (ET)
  • Iran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • University Ferhat Abbas of Setif (DZ)
  • Islamic Azad University, Karaj (IR)
  • Federal University Wukari (NG)
  • Dilla University (ET)
  • Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Nazarbayev University (KZ)
  • Bahir Dar University (ET)
  • Babcock University (NG)
  • University of Health and Allied Sciences (GH)
  • Karolinska Institutet (SE)
  • Northumbria University (GB)
  • Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
  • National Cancer Centre Japan (JP)
  • Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NG)
  • University of Jordan (JO)
  • Hamad Medical Corporation (QA)
  • Alfaisal University (SA)
  • JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (IN)
  • Florida International University (US)
  • Technical University of Munich (DE)
  • Federal University Dutse (NG)
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
  • Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
  • The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
  • University of Medical Sciences, Ondo (NG)
  • University of Ibadan (NG)
  • Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research (IN)
  • Padjadjaran University (ID)
  • University of Education, Winneba (GH)
  • University of Toledo (US)
  • Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • University of Management and Technology (PK)
  • International Vaccine Institute (KR)
  • Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana (IN)
  • Wachemo University (ET)
  • Queen's University (CA)
  • University of Technology Sydney (AU)
  • Shaqra University (SA)
  • Australian National University (AU)
  • World Health Organization - Pakistan (PK)
  • Qassim University (SA)
  • Abasyn University (PK)
  • Zhejiang University (CN)
  • Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Shahid Beheshti University (IR)
  • Uppsala University (SE)
  • University of Human Development (IQ)
  • Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KR)
  • United Arab Emirates University (AE)
  • Haramaya University (ET)
  • East Carolina University (US)
  • Bowen University (NG)
  • National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (IR)
  • University of Patras (GR)
  • Murdoch University (AU)
  • Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University (AE)
  • University of Science and Technology, Sana’a (YE)
  • Isra University (JO)
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • King Saud University (SA)
  • Suez Canal University (EG)
  • Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (AU)
  • King Abdulaziz University (SA)
  • Kuwait University (KW)
  • Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (PK)
  • KU Leuven (BE)
  • Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
  • Jamia Millia Islamia (IN)
  • University of Swat (PK)
  • Sultan Qaboos University (OM)
  • Federation University (AU)
  • An-Najah National University (PS)
  • IMU University (MY)
  • Birmingham City University (GB)
  • Qatar University (QA)
  • Sana'a University (YE)
  • Saveetha University (IN)
  • Jordan University of Science and Technology (JO)
  • Zarqa University (JO)
  • King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (SA)
  • Georgetown University (US)
  • University of Jeddah (SA)
  • University of Lahore (PK)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • Universidad de Cartagena (CO)
  • University of Science and Technology of Fujairah (AE)
  • Cleveland Clinic (US)
  • Ajman University (AE)
  • International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (BD)
  • Cairo University (EG)
  • University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
  • Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • University of Botswana (BW)
  • Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (IR)
  • University of Jos (NG)
  • Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO)
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur (IN)
  • Digestive Disease Research Institute (IR)
  • Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (IR)
  • Guilan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Universitas Gadjah Mada (ID)
  • Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (SA)
  • University of Nigeria (NG)
  • Charles Sturt University (AU)
  • Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CL)
  • Beni-Suef University (EG)
  • Al Ain University (AE)
  • Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia di Udine (IT)
  • Arizona State University (US)
  • University Malaya Medical Centre (MY)
  • Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Cabrini Hospital (AU)
  • University of Faisalabad (PK)
  • Deakin University (AU)
  • Kazakh National Medical University (KZ)
  • Indian Council of Medical Research (IN)
  • ACAP University College (AU)
  • Philadelphia University (JO)
  • University of Leicester (GB)
  • Debre Tabor University (ET)
  • Bayero University Kano (NG)
  • Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
  • The University of Agriculture, Peshawar (PK)
  • Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • October 6 University (EG)
  • Gomal University (PK)
  • Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University (IN)
  • Mansoura University (EG)
  • University of Canberra (AU)
  • Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Pacific University (US)
  • Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (CN)
  • Management and Science University (MY)
  • Maulana Azad Medical College (IN)
  • Keele University (GB)
  • Manipal Academy of Higher Education (IN)
  • The University of Texas System (US)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • University of Belgrade (RS)
  • Saveh University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • University of Miami (US)
  • University of Auckland (NZ)
  • University of the Gambia (GM)
  • University of Ilorin (NG)
  • Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital (IN)
  • University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
  • University of Genoa (IT)
  • Sechenov University (RU)
  • Germantown Historical Society (US)
  • Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (IR)
  • Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch (IR)
  • New York University (US)
  • Brown University (US)
  • University of South Wales (GB)
  • North Dakota State University (US)
  • St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
  • University of Nottingham (GB)
  • University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
  • National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (JP)
  • SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
  • Government of West Bengal (IN)
  • Chandigarh University (IN)
  • Central University of Punjab (IN)
  • University of Asia Pacific (BD)
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
  • Veneto Eye Bank Foundation (IT)
  • Jawaharlal Nehru University (IN)
  • Universidad de la República de Uruguay (UY)
  • Cancer Registry of Norway (NO)
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
  • University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
  • University of Florida (US)
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • German Cancer Research Center (DE)
  • VinUniversity (VN)
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
  • Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (BR)
  • University of Waterloo (CA)
  • Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
  • Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (AR)
  • Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (MX)
  • Third Xiangya Hospital (CN)
  • Sichuan University (CN)
  • Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (IT)
  • Fernando Pessoa University (PT)
  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia (CO)
  • Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
  • Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
  • University of Trieste (IT)
  • Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (BR)
  • Australian Catholic University (AU)
  • Regione Siciliana (IT)
  • Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IT)
  • Old Dominion University (US)
  • Hallym University (KR)
  • Animal Resources Development Department (IN)
  • Jazan University (SA)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
  • King George's Medical University (IN)
  • Oromiyaa Regional Health Bureau (ET)
  • Curtin University Sarawak (MY)
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Hiroshima University (JP)
  • Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
  • Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (PE)
  • Queen Elizabeth Hospital (CN)
  • National Cancer Center (KR)
  • Yonsei University (KR)
  • National University of Singapore (SG)
  • Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • Chitkara University (IN)
  • University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VN)
  • Federal Medical Centre (NG)
  • Texas A&M University (US)
  • University of Milan (IT)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Semnan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Universidade do Porto (PT)
  • University of South Florida (US)
  • University of Turku (FI)
  • Imperial College London (GB)
  • Texas Tech University (US)
  • Duy Tan University (VN)
  • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
  • Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center (US)
  • University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
  • Atlanta VA Medical Center (US)
  • University of Gondar (ET)
  • United International University (BD)
  • Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
  • Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (IN)
  • Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
  • National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (IN)
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
  • Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy (VN)
  • Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia (IT)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • University of Windsor (CA)
  • SRM Institute of Science and Technology (IN)
  • University of Sheffield (GB)
  • Medical University of Silesia (PL)
  • University of Portsmouth (GB)
  • Houston Methodist (US)
  • The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
  • University of Edinburgh (GB)
  • Damanhour University (EG)
  • James Cook University (AU)
  • University of Louisville (US)
  • Institut Pasteur du Maroc (MA)
  • Tarbiat Modares University (IR)
  • Riphah International University (PK)
  • Guangdong Medical College (CN)
  • University of Tehran (IR)
  • University of Catania (IT)
  • Kerman University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Bangladesh Bank (BD)
  • Applied Science Private University (JO)
  • Cihan University-Erbil (IQ)
  • Universidade Federal de Sergipe (BR)
  • Luton and Dunstable Hospital (GB)
  • Emory University (US)
  • Hamedan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • University System of Georgia (US)
  • Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” (IT)
  • University of Nicosia (CY)
  • Wollega University (ET)
  • Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
  • The Ohio State University (US)
  • Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (IT)
  • Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Iranshahr University (IR)
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (JP)
  • Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute (IR)
  • Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (NG)
  • University of Szeged (HU)
  • Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research (IT)
  • University of Maiduguri (NG)
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur (IN)
  • MedStar Health (US)
  • University of Verona (IT)
  • Addis Ababa University (ET)
  • Adigrat University (ET)
  • Ethiopian Environment Protection Authority (ET)
  • Flinders University (AU)
  • Menelik II Medical and Health Science College (ET)
  • Al-Ahliyya Amman University (JO)
  • Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • King Khalid University (SA)
  • Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
  • World Health Organization (CH)
  • University of Nizwa (OM)
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Corresponding author
Force, Lisa M
ORCID
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2025-10
Volume
406
Issue
10512
Pages
1565-1586
ISSN
  • 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
  • 0140-6736
DOI
10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01635-6
PMC
PMC12687902
OpenAlex
W4414590999
Cited by
494
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 473 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 1
FWCI
186.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2026-07-25)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Lancet (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
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  • CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
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  • Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Saint Baldricks Foundation
  • St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
  • Gates Foundation (OPP1152504)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer
Keywords
cancer burden, cancer incidence, cancer mortality, cancer prevalence, years lived with disability, disability-adjusted life years, cancer risk factors, attributable burden, cancer control, Sustainable Development Goal 3.4, non-communicable disease mortality, cancer surveillance data, verbal autopsy, mortality-to-incidence ratio
MeSH terms
Global Burden of Disease, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Global Health, Incidence, Prevalence, Young Adult

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