Hormone-dependent aggression in male and female rats: Experiential, hormonal, and neural foundations
Abstract
Hormone-dependent aggression in both male and female rats includes the distinctive behavioral characteristics of piloerection and lateral attack. In males the aggression is dependent on testicular testosterone and is commonly known as intermale aggression. In females, the aggression is most commonly observed as maternal aggression and is dependent on hormones whose identity is only beginning to emerge. The present review examines the experiential events which activate hormone-dependent aggression, the relation of the aggression to gonadal hormones, and the neural structures that participate in its modulation. In males and females, the aggression is activated by cohabitation with a conspecific of the opposite sex, by competitive experience, and by repeated exposure to unfamiliar conspecifics. In the female, the presence of pups also activates aggression. In both males and females, hormones are necessary for the full manifestation of the aggression. The essential hormone appears to be testosterone in males and a combination of testosterone and estradiol in females. The information available suggests the neural control systems for hormone-dependent aggression may be similar in males and females. It is argued that hormone-dependent aggression is behaviorally and biologically homologous in male and female rats.
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Adult female laboratory rats display aggression mainly during pregnancy and lactation.
“Adult females display aggression mainly during the pregnancy and lactation.56,57”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [56]
In male rats, fights are generally much more common than in females, but social ranks have been observed also among females.
“In males, fights are generally much more common than in females, but some authors managed to observe social ranks also among the latter.56,94,111,112”
From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [56]
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Self-citationContrôle amygdalien de comportements d'agression chez le rat
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Self-citationActivity, reactivity, and dominance following septal lesions in rats
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Self-citationEffects of septal lesions on social dominance in rats
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Self-citationVentromedial tegmental lesions abolish offense without disturbing predation or defense
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Castration, androgens, and dominance status in the rat
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Self-citationIntermale aggression of subordinate resident long-evans rats
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Effects of isolation during development on reactivity and home-cage agonistic behavior in rats
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Behavioral study in rats of paired accumbens-lesioned residents and intact intruders
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Self-citationFighting behavior displayed during the development of a worker—parasite relationship between rats
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Self-citationAggression among Female Rats over the Estrus Cycle
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Agonistic behavior between wild and genetically sterile male Norway rats (rattus norvegicus)
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Anger is an approach-related affect: Evidence and implications.
Carver, C. S., & Harmon‐Jones, E. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0013965 · Cited by 1,757 · see citing works
Androgens, brain, and behavior
Rubinow, D. R., & Schmidt, P. J. (1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.8.974 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
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Sensory, hormonal, and neural control of maternal aggression in laboratory rodents
Lonstein, J. S., & Gammie, S. C. (2002) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00087-8 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
“[4] Albert DJ, Jonik RH, Walsh ML.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe Role of Androgens in Female Vertebrates
Staub, N. L., & Beer, M. D. (1997) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1006/gcen.1997.6962 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Schultheiss, O. C., Wirth, M. M., Torges, C. M., Pang, J. S., Villacorta, M. A., & Welsh, K. M. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.174 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
“Because women may be more sensitive to even slight changes in T (Sherwin, 1988) and elevated T facilitates female aggression (Albert et al., 1992), powermotivated losers may have been more primed than winners for subsequent dominance challenges.”
BackgroundEffects of affiliation and power motivation arousal on salivary progesterone and testosterone
Schultheiss, O. C., Wirth, M. M., & Stanton, S. J. (2004) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.07.005 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
“E-mail address: oschult@umich.edu (O.C. Schultheiss). by species, gender, and context (e.g., Albert et al., 1992; Bernstein et al., 1983; Mazur and Booth, 1998; Wingfield et al., 1990).”
BackgroundAggression in humans: What is its biological foundation?
Albert, D. J., Walsh, M. L., & Jonik, R. H. (1993) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80117-4 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationDominance Hierarchy Influences Adult Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus: Figure 1.
Kozorovitskiy, Y., & Gould, E. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0345-04.2004 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“Both aggression and mating are linked to enhanced levels of testosterone (Taylor et al., 1985; Albert et al., 1992).”
BackgroundGobrogge, K. L., Liu, Y., Jia, X., & Wang, Z. (2007) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21364 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
“…aggression represents a very different manipulation of aggressive behavior than the ones previously reported by using other animal models (Albert et al., 1992; Ferris et al., 1997; Delville et al., 1998; DeLeon et al., 2002b; Ferrari et al., 2003; Miczek et al., 2004; Nelson, 2005;…”
ResultTestosterone and aggressiveness.
Giammanco, M., Tabacchi, G., Giammanco, S., Majo, D. D., & Guardia, M. L. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 175 · see citing works
The hormonal correlates of implicit power motivation
Stanton, S. J., & Schultheiss, O. C. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.04.001 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Hulihan, T. J., & Insel, T. R. (1997) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00617-3 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
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Neumann, I. D., Toschi, N., Ohl, F., Torner, L., & Krömer, S. A. (2001) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01460.x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“Although a variety of approaches have been taken in order to understand the hormonal (Mayer & Rosenblatt, 1987; Mayer et al., 1990; Albert et al., 1992) and neurobiological (Ferreira et al., 1987; Hansen, 1989; Factor et al., 1990; Kolunie & Stern, 1995; Consiglio & Lucion, 1996; Lonstein et al.,…”
BackgroundThe role of oxytocin in male and female reproductive behavior
Veening, J. G., A, T. R. D. J., Waldinger, M. D., Korte, S. M., & Olivier, B. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.045 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
European Journal of Psychotraumatology
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Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice
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“Adult females display aggression mainly during the pregnancy and lactation.(56,57) Apart from coitus and care of young they show mainly amicable behavior.”
BackgroundBasal and dynamic relationships between implicit power motivation and estradiol in women
Stanton, S. J., & Schultheiss, O. C. (2007) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.07.002 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“Moreover, in humans, aggressive behavior may reflect defensiveness and not dominance, and it is notable that in animals, defensive aggression is not dependent on circulating levels of gonadal steroids whereas dominant aggression is (cf. Albert et al., 1992; Schultheiss and Wirth, in press).”
BackgroundNunes, S., Fite, J. E., & French, J. A. (2000) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1006/anbe.2000.1524 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
The hypothalamus: cross-roads of endocrine and behavioural regulation in grooming and aggression
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Brain mechanisms underlying emotional alterations in the peripartum period in rats
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Progesterone receptors mediate male aggression toward infants
Schneider, J. S., Stone, M. K., Wynne‐Edwards, K. E., Horton, T. H., Lydon, J. P., O’Malley, B. W., & Levine, J. E. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0130100100 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
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“Increased aggressive behaviour in animals as a result of AAS administration is well established (Bonson et al., 1994; Albert et al., 1992; Lumia et al., 1994).”
BackgroundBryan, H. M., Darimont, C. T., Paquet, P. C., Wynne‐Edwards, K. E., & Smits, J. E. G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080537 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“Though usually considered with respect to reproductive traits in males, testosterone in females has been linked with defending resources and acquiring food [87,88].”
BackgroundTrainor, B. C., Greiwe, K. M., & Nelson, R. J. (2006) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.04.002 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“, 2000) and lesion (Albert et al., 1992) studies that suggest that the AHA, but not the MPOA, modulates aggressive behavior.”
Williamson, C. M., Lee, W., DeCasien, A. R., Lanham, A., Romeo, R. D., & Curley, J. P. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43747-w · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Hormonal Basis of Social Conflict and Communication
Albers, H. E., Huhman, K. L., & Meisel, R. L. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012532104-4/50008-1 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Vocal Tract Length Perception and the Evolution of Language
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Bryan, H. M., Smits, J. E. G., Koren, L., Paquet, P. C., Wynne‐Edwards, K. E., & Musiani, M. (2014) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12354 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
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“Such a prediction is very plausible as both the AH and SEP have been implicated in the display of aggression in a number of species [reviewed in Albert et al., 1992; KollackWalker and Newman, 1995; Ferris et al., 1997; Goodson et al., 1999].”
BackgroundWitte, A. V., Flöel, A., Stein, P., Savli, M., Mien, L., Wadsak, W., Spindelegger, C., Moser, U., Fink, M., Hahn, A., et al. (2008) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20687 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“For example, levels of both estrogens and testosterone have been shown to control maternal aggression, whereas primarily testosterone exerts regulatory influence on intermale aggression in rats [reviewed in Albert et al., 1992; Lonstein and Gammie, 2002].”
BackgroundSerotonergic control of androgen-induced dominance
Bonson, K. R., Johnson, R. G., Fiorella, D., Rabin, R. A., & Winter, J. C. (1994) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(94)90427-8 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Serotonin modulates offensive attack in adolescent anabolic steroid-treated hamsters
Grimes, J. M. (2002) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00880-8 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“…in rats, mice, prairie voles and hamsters (Bunnell et al., 1970; Shibata et al., 1982; Vochteloo and Koolhaas, 1987; Koolhaas et al., 1990, 1991; Albert et al., 1992; Kollack-Walker and Newman, 1995; Wang et al., 1997; Delville et al., 2000; Gammie and Nelson, 2001), and increased neuronal…”
Female testosterone, dominance rank, and aggression in an Ethiopian population of hybrid baboons
Beehner, J. C., Phillips‐Conroy, J. E., & Whitten, P. L. (2005) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.20172 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“In laboratory studies on mice, females that exhibited male-like aggressive behavior had significantly higher levels of T [Albert et al., 1992; Barkley & Goldman, 1977].”
BackgroundThe Neural Mechanisms of Sexually Dimorphic Aggressive Behaviors
Hashikawa, K., Hashikawa, Y., Lischinsky, J. E., & Lin, D. (2018) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2018.07.001 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Drea, C. M. (2007) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.02.006 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Hillerer, K. M., Neumann, I. D., & Slattery, D. A. (2012) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000330445 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The Hormonal Correlates of Implicit Motives
Schultheiss, O. C. (2013) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12008 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Aggression in wild house mice: Current state of affairs
Sluyter, F., van Oortmerssen, G. A., de Ruiter, A. J. H., & Koolhaas, J. M. (1996) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf02359753 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES In a variety of species, including rats and mice, aggressive behavior depends on the hormonal status of the animal (for a review see, e.g., Albert et aL, 1992 ).”
BackgroundSex differences in adult zebrafish anxiolytic-like responses to diazepam and melatonin
Genário, R., Giacomini, A. C. V. V., de Abreu, M. S., Marcon, L., Demin, K. A., & Kalueff, A. V. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134548 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Castration Does Not Inhibit Aggressive Behavior in Adult Male Prairie Voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Demas, G. E., Moffatt, C. A., Drazen, D. L., & Nelson, R. J. (1999) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00268-6 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“CASTRATION reduces aggression in males in a wide range of vertebrate species (1,16,18,27).”
BackgroundBehavioral correlates of differences in neural metabolic capacity
Sakata, J. T., Crews, D., & Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2004) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.017 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Therefore, just as in females, elevated metabolic capacity in the anterior hypothalamus, nucleus sphericus, and septum is correlated with heightened aggressiveness and territoriality, and this is consistent with the modulatory role of hypothalamic, amygdaloid, and septal nuclei in agonistic behavior in other species […”
DeLeon, K. R., Grimes, J. M., Connor, D. F., & Melloni, R. H. (2002) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00004-9 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Anabolic-androgenic steroids and aggression in castrated male rats
Clark, A. S., & Barber, D. M. (1994) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90351-4 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Joppa, M. A. (1997) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00277-3 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The effects of cocaine and nandrolone co-administration on aggression in male rats
Long, S. F., Wilson, M. C., Sufka, K. J., & Davis, W. M. (1996) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0278-5846(96)00063-2 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Effects of prolonged exposure to anabolic steroids on the behavior of male and female mice
Bronson, F. H. (1996) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(95)02030-6 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Rhen, T., & Crews, D. (2000) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000054543 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“It is likely that such experience increases aggressiveness in male leopard geckos just as it does in male mammals [reviewed in”
BackgroundTowards a neurobiology of female aggression
Been, L. E., Gibbons, A. B., & Meisel, R. L. (2018) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.039 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sewards, T. V., & Sewards, M. A. (2002) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00020-9 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Chapter 10 Biopsychological and Neural Processes of Implicit Motivation
Hall, J. L., Stanton, S. J., & Schultheiss, O. C. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335156.003.0010 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Animal studies show that testosterone lowers the threshold for aggressive behavior in males and females (Albert et al., 1992), and research conducted in our laboratory suggests that a priming role of testosterone on female assertiveness also exists in humans (Schultheiss et al., 2005).”
BackgroundWestberg, L., Melke, J., Landén, M., Nilsson, S., Baghaei, F., Rosmond, R., Jansson, M., Holm, G., Björntorp, P. A., & Eriksson, E. (2003) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001192 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Demas, G. E., Cooper, M. A., Albers, H. E., & Soma, K. K. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30405-2_8 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“For example, in rats, T appears to be most effective in stimulating aggression during competitive experiences, but not during other social encounters (Albert et al., 1992).”
BackgroundThe Role of Testosterone in Aggression
Simpson, K. H. (2020) · McGill Journal of Medicine · doi:10.26443/mjm.v6i1.559 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Different regions in the brain modulate different hormone-dependent aggression (14) and females require longer exposure to androgens after ovariectomy to induce male-like behaviour (15).”
BackgroundHe, Y., Bowlby, D., Brown, T. J., Hochberg, R. B., & MacLusky, N. J. (1995) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.136.1.7828562 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Albert, D. J., Jonik, R. H., & Walsh, M. L. (1992) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90413-v · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationChu, X., & Ågmo, A. (2014) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-00003177 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effect of anabolic steroids on behavior and physiological characteristics of female mice
Bronson, F. H., Nguyen, K. Q., & Rosa, J. D. L. (1996) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02027-6 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effects of crowding and sex on fecal cortisol levels of captive forest musk deer
He, L., Wang, W., Li, L.-H., Liu, B.-Q., Liu, G., Liu, S., Qi, L., & Hu, D. (2014) · Biological Research · doi:10.1186/0717-6287-47-48 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Many studies about rodent and humans show that the female can influence male’s behavior and physiology [33,34].”
BackgroundThe Septal Region and Social Behavior
Sheehan, T. P., & Numan, M. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1302-4_8 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Reduced extracellular levels of serotonin in the amygdala of androgenized female rats
Sundblad, C., & Eriksson, E. (1997) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(97)00031-x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Farrell, S. F., & McGinnis, M. Y. (2004) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.03.012 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Farrell, S. F., & McGinnis, M. Y. (2003) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.117.5.904 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Social dominance and the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales
van der Westhuizen, D., & Solms, M. (2014) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2014.12.005 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Paternal aggression in a biparental mouse: Parallels with maternal aggression
Trainor, B. C., Finy, M. S., & Nelson, R. J. (2007) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.09.017 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Most studies of male–male aggression have suggested that the role of the MPOA is reduced compared to other nuclei such as the anterior hypothalamus (Albert et al., 1992; Newman, 1999; Delville et al., 2000; Trainor et al., 2006a), and sexually inexperienced female California mice do not express increased c-fos in the…”
Sluyter, F., Keijser, J. N., Boomsma, D. I., van Doornen, L., Oord, E. V. D., & Snieder, H. (2000) · Twin Research · doi:10.1375/136905200320565247 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Aggression- and sex-induced neural activity across vasotocin populations in the brown anole
Kabelik, D., Alix, V. C., Burford, E. R., & Singh, L. J. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.11.016 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Biopsychological Aspects of Motivation
Schultheiss, O. C., & Wirth, M. M. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499821.011 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“A hypothalamic network centered on the anterior nucleus (AN) of the hypothalamus plays a critical role in lateral attack and piloerection and thereby in rats' dominance behavior (Albert et al., 1992; see also Delville, DeVries, & Ferris, 2000).”
dos Santos, B. E., Giacomini, A. C. V. V., Marcon, L., Demin, K. A., Strekalova, T. V., de Abreu, M. S., & Kalueff, A. V. (2021) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135993 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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Quintana, L., Zubizarreta, L., Jalabert, C., Batista, G., Perrone, R., & da Silva, A. C. R. (2016) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.009 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“, 2002; Rosvall, 2013), mammals (Albert et al., 1992; Razzoli et al., 2003), reptiles (Rubenstein and Wikelski, 2005; Woodley and Moore, 1999), and fish (Desjardins et al.”
Compaan, J. C., Hutchison, J. B., Wozniak, A., de Ruiter, A. J. H., & Koolhaas, J. M. (1994) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0165-3806(94)90162-7 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Both adult CNS sensitivity to sex steroids and brain AA are known to be dependent on circulating androgens around birth [15] [44].”
BackgroundInfluentialPrinciples for developing animal models of military PTSD
Daskalakis, N. P., & Yehuda, R. (2014) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v5.23825 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Aromatase activity in the preoptic area differs between aggressive and nonaggressive male house mice
Compaan, J. C., Wozniak, A., de Ruiter, A. J. H., Koolhaas, J. M., & Hutchison, J. B. (1994) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(94)90208-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Distribution of Aromatase mRNA in the Ram Hypothalamus: An In Situ Hybridization Study
Roselli, Stormshak, & Resko (2000) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00496.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Genetic differences in female house mice in aggressive response to sex steroid hormone treatment
Compaan, J. C., van Wattum, G., de Ruiter, A. J. H., van Oortmerssen, G. A., Koolhaas, J. M., & Bohus, B. (1993) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(93)90299-u · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome: Aggression control mechanisms gone out of control
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Snoeren, E. M. S., Antonio-Cabrera, E., Spiteri, T., Musatov, S. A., Ogawa, S., Pfaff, D. W., & Ågmo, A. (2015) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12321 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Guillot, P. V., & Chapouthier, G. (1996) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf02359754 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Adult pTc has been put forward as a possible physiological intermediate between the Y chromosome and intermale aggression (Schuurman, 1980; van Oortmerssen et al., 1987; Albert et al., 1992; Zielinski and Vandenbergh, 1993).”
BackgroundNeural mechanisms of persistent aggression
Guthman, E. M., & Falkner, A. L. (2022) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2022.102526 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Female anoles display less but attack more quickly than males in response to territorial intrusions
Reedy, A. M., Pope, B. D., Kiriazis, N. M., Giordano, C. L., Sams, C. L., Warner, D. A., & Cox, R. M. (2017) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/arx095 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Analysis of steroid hormone levels in female mice at high population density
Chapman, J. C., Christian, J. J., Pawlikowski, M. A., & Michael, S. D. (1998) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00115-2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ability to share emotions of others as a foundation of social learning
Puścian, A., Bryksa, A., Kondrakiewicz, L., Kostecki, M., Winiarski, M. J., & Knapska, E. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.022 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gammie, S. C., & Lonstein, J. S. (2005) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195168761.003.0011 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Noschang, C. G., Krolow, R., Arcego, D. M., Toniazzo, A. P., Huffell, A. P., & Dalmaz, C. (2012) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.01.010 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Since our animals were reared after weaning separated by sex in groups of 3–5 per cage, males and females had different rearing conditions once male rats are known to present intermale aggression, which is dependent of testosterone and also on experience (Albert et al., 1992).”
BackgroundProgesterone and maternal aggressive behavior in rats
de Sousa, F. L., Lazzari, V. M., de Azevedo, M. S., Almeida, S., Sanvitto, G. L., Lucion, A. B., & Giovenardi, M. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.03.050 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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Behavioral effects of testosterone in relation to social rank in the male rabbit
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The role of the dorsoanterior striatum in implicit motivation: the case of the need for power
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“, 2000), is involved in nPower (see Schultheiss, 2013, for a review) and that nPower thus has many of the hallmarks of power/dominance motivation as studied by biopsychologists and neuroscientists (e.g., Sapolsky, 1987; Albert et al., 1992; Johnson et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialLi, S., Zhang, D., Zhao, F., & Yu, G. (2019) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-019-09710-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ricciardi, K. H. N., & Blaustein, J. D. (1994) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.1994.tb00564.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“adulthood, including salt appetite (53), aggression (54), and pituitary functions (55 , 56).”
BackgroundNunes, S., Muecke, E.-M., Ross, H. E., Bartholomew, P. A., & Holekamp, K. E. (2000) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00366-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Gross, K. S., Moore, K. M., Meisel, R. L., & Mermelstein, P. G. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00855 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Sensory, Hormonal, and Neural Basis of Maternal Aggression in Rodents
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Snoeren, E. M. S. (2018) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2018_68 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bonatto, F., Coda, J. A., Gómez, D., Priotto, J. W., & Steinmann, A. R. (2013) · Journal of Ethology · doi:10.1007/s10164-013-0370-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Intruders with different housing conditions than residents could increase their likelihood of being defeated by residents (Valzelli 1973; Barnett 1975; Albert et al. 1992; Kaliste-Korhonen and Eskola 2000; Matsumoto et al. 2005; Bartolomucci et al. 2009; Kraak 2012).”
Background
- Authors
- Albert, D. J., Jonik, R. H., & Walsh, M. L.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- ORCID
- Albert, D.J.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-06
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 177-192
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1970628628
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 151
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 12.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Keywords
- sex differences in aggression, male-male aggression, maternal aggression, testosterone, estradiol, gonadal hormones, piloerection, rats
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Animals, Female, Hormones, Male, Neurons, Rats
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