Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 330

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Expert Agreement in Evaluating the Optic Disc for Glaucoma

Open access
Varma, Rohit, Steinmann, William C., Scott, Ingrid U.·1992·Ophthalmology

Abstract

The authors studied intraobserver and interobserver agreement, under monoscopic and stereoscopic conditions, in estimating vertical cup-to-disc ratios and in assessing whether a disc had glaucomatous damage. Six glaucoma experts evaluated 75 optic disc photographs under both viewing conditions. The experts also re-evaluated 25 photographs. Intraobserver agreement in estimating vertical cup-to disc ratios was high (median weighted kappa, 0.79). Interobserver agreement in estimating vertical cup-to-disc ratios was moderate (stereoscopic median weighted kappa, 0.67); individual experts differed by as much as 0.2 disc diameters (DD) monoscopically and 0.16 DD stereoscopically. The observers estimated larger vertical cup-to-disc ratios when evaluating the same discs under stereoscopic conditions than under monoscopic conditions. Intraobserver agreement in assessing glaucomatous disc damage was substantial (median kappa, 0.76). Interobserver agreement in assessing glaucomatous damage was moderate (stereoscopic median kappa, 0.50). This study confirms the ability of experts to reliably evaluate the optic disc within themselves and emphasizes the need for developing standardized methods for interobserver evaluation of the optic disc in glaucoma.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31990-6

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Cited by

See all 330

Metadata

Authors
Varma, R., Steinmann, W. C., & Scott, I. U.
Venue
Ophthalmology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1992-02
Volume
99
Issue
2
Pages
215-221
ISSN
0161-6420 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2090404086
Cited by
330
References
1
FWCI
8.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Expert Agreement in Evaluating the Optic Disc for Glaucoma. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31990-6
The paper
Varma, R., Steinmann, W. C., & Scott, I. U. (1992). Expert Agreement in Evaluating the Optic Disc for Glaucoma. Ophthalmology. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31990-6

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.