Neurodegenerative disorders: the role of peroxynitrite
Abstract
Inflammatory reaction is thought to be an important contributor to neuronal damage in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the parkinsonism dementia complex of Guam. Among the toxic agents released in brain tissues by activated cells, we focus attention in this review on peroxynitrite, the product of the reaction between nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide. Peroxynitrite is a strong oxidizing and nitrating agent which can react with all classes of biomolecules. In the CNS it can be generated by microglial cells activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines or beta-amyloid peptide (beta-A) and by neurons in three different situations: hyperactivity of glutamate neurotransmission, mitochondrial dysfunction and depletion of L-arginine or tetrahydrobiopterin. The first two situations correspond to cellular responses to an initial neuronal injury and the peroxynitrite formed only exacerbates the inflammatory process, whereas in the third situation the peroxynitrite generated directly contributes to the initiation of the neurodegenerative process.
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Tyrosine nitration, a marker of ONOO− activity, has been correlated with tissue damages in human neuropathologies such as multiple sclerosis, ALS, and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, as well as in animal models of these diseases, including LPS-triggered neuroinflammation.
“Tyrosine nitration, a marker of ONOO Ϫ activity, has been correlated with tissue damages in human neuropathologies such as multiple sclerosis, ALS, and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, as well as in animal models of these diseases, including LPS-triggered neuroinflammation (Torreilles et al., 1999;Hill et al., 2004;Toma ´s-Camardiel et al., 2004).”
From Neurotoxic Activation of Microglia Is Promoted by a Nox1-Dependent NADPH Oxidase (2008) · cites this paper as Torreilles et al., 1999
Peroxynitrite triggers formation of nitrotyrosine residues, which provides a tissue marker for reactive nitrogen-related tissue damage.
“This compound triggers the formation of nitrotyrosine residues (Ntyr), which provides a tissue marker for reactive nitrogen-related tissue damage (Torreilles et al., 1999).”
From Neurotoxic Activation of Microglia Is Promoted by a Nox1-Dependent NADPH Oxidase (2008) · cites this paper as Torreilles et al., 1999
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- Authors
- Torreilles, F., Salman-Tabcheh, S., Guérin, M.-C., & Torreilles, J.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Université de Montpellier (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Torreilles, Jean
- Venue
- Brain Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-08
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 153-163
- ISSN
- 0165-0173 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090816846
- Cited by
- 430
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- peroxynitrite, neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation, nitric oxide, superoxide, microglial activation, amyloid-beta, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, L-arginine depletion, tetrahydrobiopterin, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Central Nervous System, Humans, Inflammation, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurons, Nitrates, Parkinson Disease, Motor Neuron Disease, Oxidants, Neurodegenerative Diseases
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