Cited by 1,287Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsTryptophan and brain disorders

The inflammatory response system of brain: implications for therapy of Alzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases

MCGEER, P, MCGEER, E·1995·Brain Research Reviews

Abstract

Cultured brain cells are capable of generating many molecules associated with inflammatory and immune functions. They constitute the endogenous immune response system of brain. They include complement proteins and their regulators, inflammatory cytokines, acute phase reactants and many proteases and protease inhibitors. Most of the proteins are made by microglia and astrocytes, but even neurons are producers. Many appear in association with Alzheimer disease lesions, indicating a state of chronic inflammation in Alzheimer disease brain. Such a state can apparently exist without stimulation by peripheral inflammatory mediators or the peripheral immune system. A strong inflammatory response may be autotoxic to neurons, exacerbating the fundamental pathology in Alzheimer disease and perhaps other neurological disorders. Autotoxic processes may contribute to cellular death in chronic inflammatory diseases affecting other parts of the body, suggesting the general therapeutic value of anti-inflammatory agents. With respect to Alzheimer disease, multiple epidemiological studies indicate that patients taking anti-inflammatory drugs or suffering from conditions in which such drugs are routinely used, have a decreased risk of developing Alzheimer disease. In one very preliminary clinical trial, the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin arrested progress of the disease. New agents directed against the inflammatory processes revealed in studies of Alzheimer disease lesions may have broad therapeutic applications.

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Crossref · 10.1016/0165-0173(95)00011-9

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  • These genes encode key products having relevant functions within the immune system, which seems to influence several neurodegenerative and mental diseases.

    “Despite not being modeled in the pathway enrichment analysis and the lack of reported evidence of their possible relationship with AD, these genes encode key products having relevant functions within the immune system, which seems to influence several neurodegenerative and mental diseases.57, 58”
  • Microglial activation and consequent neuroinflammation are substantially involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.

    “This activation and consequent neuroinflammation are substantially involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases (McGeer and McGeer, 1995)”

    From The impact of microglial activation on blood-brain barrier in brain diseases (2014) · cites this paper as McGeer and McGeer, 1995

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Authors
MCGEER, P., & MCGEER, E.
Affiliations
University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author
MCGEER, P
Venue
Brain Research Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1995-09
Volume
21
Issue
2
Pages
195-218
ISSN
0165-0173 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2090930997
Cited by
1,287
References
319
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 36
FWCI
5.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Brain Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Alzheimer Society of B.C.
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords
neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, neurodegenerative diseases, microglia, astrocytes, complement system, inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins, chronic inflammation, anti-inflammatory therapy, indomethacin, anti-inflammatory agents, neuroprotection
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Humans, Inflammation, Nerve Degeneration, Nervous System Diseases

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