The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 95 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Schizophrenia as the price that Homo sapiens pays for language: a resolution of the central paradox in the origin of the species
Abstract
The central paradox of schizophrenia is that the condition, apparently genetic in origin, persists in spite of a substantial fecundity disadvantage. The hypothesis is proposed that the predisposition to schizophrenia is a component of Homo sapiens-specific variation associated with the capacity for language. A genetic change (the 'speciation event', predicted to be related to the Xq21.3 to Yp chromosomal transposition that separates Homo sapiens from the great apes) allowed the hemispheres to develop with a 'cerebral torque', reflected particularly in association cortex, from right frontal to left occipital. Variations in the dimension of lateralization are associated with differences in the rate at which verbal and non-verbal ability develops. The nuclear symptoms of schizophrenia can be understood as a failure to establish dominance for a key component - the phonological sequence - of language in one hemisphere, with consequent disruption of the mechanism of 'indexicality' that allows the speaker to distinguish his thoughts from the speech output that he generates and the speech input that he receives and decodes from others.
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“Notably, it was proposed that the higher cognitive capacities in humans were acquired at the cost of increased susceptibility to mental disease17–19.”
From Distinct selective forces and Neanderthal introgression shaped genetic diversity at genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders (2017) · cites this paper as [17]
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“Some authors have hypothesized that these anatomical asymmetries are exclusive adaptations of the human brain that are encoded genetically and comprise the chief evolutionary novelty in the speciation of modern humans (Crow, 2000; Annett, 2002).”
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“For example, interpretations such as connecting the origins of language (Crow, 1997, 2000), the theory of mind (Brune, 2005), and the mirror system hypothesis (Arbib and Mundhenk, 2005) to schizophrenia and a " symptom-based approach to psychotic disorders in evolutionary perspective " (Brune,…”
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“However, extant literature indicates that a sex-linked determinant of brain asymmetry has a critical role in the etiology of schizophrenia (Crow, 2000).”
BackgroundIs there an evolutionary advantage of schizophrenia?
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Pharmaco-EEG of antipsychotic treatment response: a systematic review
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“This reduced brain specialization has been proposed as one of the core pathogenetic processes in SZ 113 .”
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Løberg, E. ‐., Jørgensen, H. A., Green, M. F., Rund, B. R., Lund, A., Diseth, Å., Øie, M., & Hugdahl, K. (2005) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00627.x · Cited by 32
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A Recombination Hotspot in a Schizophrenia-Associated Region of GABRB2
Ng, S.-K., Lo, W.-S., Pun, F. W., Zhao, C., Yu, Z., Chen, J., Tong, K.-L., Xu, Z., Tsang, S., Yang, Q., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009547 · Cited by 31
“survival disadvantage of the disease, which is commonly recognized as the ‘‘central paradox’’ of schizophrenia [34].”
BackgroundEffects of alcohol consumption and antipsychotic medication on brain morphology in schizophrenia
Nesvåg, R., Frigessi, A., Jönsson, E. G., & Agartz, I. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.11.008 · Cited by 31
Prosodic abnormalities in schizotypal personality disorder
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“matter volumes and prosody was on the left for SPD subjects was unclear, but is consistent with hemisphere lateralization functional abnormalities in schizophrenia spectrum subjects (Crow, 2000).”
BackgroundCerebral lateralization in schizophrenia and dyslexia: neuromagnetic responses to auditory stimuli
Heim, S., Kissler, J. M., Elbert, T. R., & Rockstroh, B. S. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.09.007 · Cited by 31
“Recently,Crow (2000)has offered an account of schizophrenia as linked to the language development in humans, which may provide a unified theoretical explanation for the similarity observed.”
BackgroundBeyond words: linguistic experience in melancholia, mania, and schizophrenia
Sass, L. A., & Pienkos, E. (2013) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-013-9340-0 · Cited by 32
“…152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA e-mail: lsass@rci.rutgers.edu “psychotic depression”).1 Linguistic anomalies are frequently mentioned in the psychiatric literature, and are often considered fundamental in schizophrenia (e.g., Crow 2000; Lacan 1981/1993; Schwartz 1982).”
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Franchini, L. F., & Pollard, K. S. (2015) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.120048 · Cited by 29
“Some examples are AIDS (Varki and Altheide, 2005), cardiovascular disease (Varki et al., 2009), neurodegenerative disease (Finch, 2010) and psychiatric disorders (Crow, 2000, 2007).”
BackgroundfNIRS Studies on Hemispheric Asymmetry in Atypical Neural Function in Developmental Disorders
Doi, H., & Shinohara, K. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00137 · Cited by 30
“…lateralization has been repeatedly documented in the human neural system; a number of studies have generally shown leftward-lateralization of linguistic function (Crow, 2000) and right-lateralization of attentional function and visuo-spatial cognition (Toga and Thompson, 2003; Hervé et al., 2013).”
BackgroundClarifying the Linguistic Signature: Measuring Personality From Natural Speech
Cohen, A. S., Minor, K. S., Baillie, L. E., & Dahir, A. M. (2008) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890802388459 · Cited by 32
“Verbal expression is widely considered to be one of the pinnacle features of human cognition (Crow, 2000; Premack, 2004).”
BackgroundDean, B. (2012) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/156802612805289935 · Cited by 30
“au between variations in the human gene sequence and the environment has led to the suggestion that that disorder may be a disorder restricted to humans [4, 5].”
BackgroundAbsence of Auditory M100 Source Asymmetry in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A MEG Study
Wang, Y., Feng, Y., Jia, Y., Xie, Y., Wang, W., Guan, Y., Zhong, S., Zhu, D., & Huang, L. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082682 · Cited by 30
“Crow offered an account of schizophrenia is linked to disturbances in language function, especially involving the temporal lobe [51].”
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“It is unknown why schizophrenia may preferentially affect the left more than the right auditory cortex, and it may be due to selective vulnerability of certain types of synaptic connections, or to disruption of the development of hemispheric asymmetries (e.g., Crow, 2000).”
BackgroundAction (verb) fluency in schizophrenia: Getting a grip on odd speech
Badcock, J. C., Dragović, M., Garrett, C. T., & Jablensky, A. V. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.11.004 · Cited by 28
“We explored the possibility that suchdifficultiesmay arise fromaltered lateralizationof cerebral function in the SZ group (Crow, 2000; Costafreda et al., 2006).”
BackgroundNeuropathology of epilepsy and psychosis: the contributions of J.A.N. Corsellis
Kasper, B. S., Taylor, D. C., Janz, D., Kasper, E. M., Maier, M., Williams, M. R., & Crow, T. J. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq235 · Cited by 27
Self-citationLateralization of intrinsic frontoparietal network connectivity and symptoms in schizophrenia
Son, S., Miyata, J., Mori, Y., Isobe, M., Urayama, S., Aso, T., Fukuyama, H., Murai, T., & Takahashi, H. (2016) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.12.007 · Cited by 28
“Abnormal asymmetry has been one of the main hypotheses for explaining the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Crow, 1997, 2000).”
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“There is a rich literature on the association between schizophrenia and language (Crow, 2000).”
Bhattacharyya, U., Deshpande, S. N., Triptish Bhatia, A., & Thelma, B. K. (2020) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa179 · Cited by 28
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“This behavior is desired if we try to give an explanation for the persistence of schizophrenia in the population in spite of its maladaptive character (Crow, 2000).”
BackgroundPeculiar word use as a possible trait marker in schizophrenia
Başkak, B., Ozel, E. T., Atbaşoğlu, C., & Baskak, S. C. (2008) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.04.025 · Cited by 27
Can RDoC Help Find Order in Thought Disorder?
Cohen, A. S., Le, T. P., Fedechko, T. L., & Elvevåg, B. (2017) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx030 · Cited by 27
The Comprehension of Familiar and Novel Metaphoric Meanings in Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study
Rapp, A. M., Felsenheimer, A. K., Langohr, K., & Klupp, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02251 · Cited by 27
“It manifests itself in miscomprehension of intentions, delusionial phenomenae, and language abnormalities (Kleist, 1914; Kasanin, 1944; Crow, 2000; Rapp and Steinhäuser, 2013).”
BackgroundLiu, C., Everall, I., Pantelis, C., & Bousman, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00389 · Cited by 27
Bilateral disadvantage: Lack of interhemispheric cooperation in schizophrenia
Barnett, K. J., Kirk, I. J., & Corballis, M. C. (2006) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2006.06.007 · Cited by 27
Schizotypal personality traits and atypical lateralization in motor and language functions
Asai, T., Sugimori, E., & Tanno, Y. (2009) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2009.03.007 · Cited by 26
Lucarini, V., Grice, M., Cangemi, F., Zimmermann, J. T., Marchesi, C., Vogeley, K. T., & Tonna, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.531863 · Cited by 26
FOXP2 polymorphisms in patients with schizophrenia
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Kumari, V. (2010) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.08.004.2010 · Cited by 25
“Given the possible link between schizophrenia and language pathway abnormalities (Crow, 2000; Li et al., 2009), the association between left-hemisphere based language processes and CBTp responsiveness may be particularly salient in this clinical population.”
Mitelman, S. A., Bralet, M., Haznedar, M. M., Hollander, E., Shihabuddin, L., Hazlett, E. A., & Buchsbaum, M. S. (2016) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-016-9648-9 · Cited by 29
“Diminished cerebral lateralization has been widely described and theorized upon in schizophrenia literature (Crow 2000; Oertel-Knöchel and Linden 2011) and several papers hinted at localized decreases in leftward bias or even a rightward bias in language-related frontotemporal and other brain…”
Preuss, T. M. (2006) · Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration · doi:10.1186/1747-5333-1-17 · Cited by 26
“There are, however, those who maintain that humans show extreme hemispheric asymmetry and functional laterality, and that these are among the defining features of humans [31-33].”
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“3) to the short arm of the Y chromosome [112].”
BackgroundThe volumes of the fornix in schizophrenia and affective disorders: A post-mortem study
Brisch, R., Bernstein, H., Stauch, R., Dobrowolny, H., Krell, D., Truebner, K., Meyer-Lotz, G., Bielau, H., Steiner, J. H., Kropf, S., et al. (2008) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.12.007 · Cited by 25
“Furthermore, the finding of brain lateralization in schizophrenia is well established (Crow et al., 1989a,b; Crow 1990, 1995; DeLisi et al., 1997; Highley et al., 1999; Crow 2000; McDonald et al., 2000; Highley et al., 2002; Chance et al., 2005; Leask and Crow, 2005; Mitchell and Crow 2005; Mitelman et al., 2005c).”
BackgroundVenkatasubramanian, G., Arasappa, R., Rao, N. P., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2010) · Laterality Asymmetries of Body Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1080/1357650x.2010.499910 · Cited by 25
“Extending these ‘‘proximal’’ pathogenetic observations to formulate a ‘‘distal’’ aetiological proposition, Crow hypothesised concomitant cerebral lateralisation over the course of human brain evolution as the critical change that might have resulted in schizophrenia (Crow, 2000, 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialFiber geometry in the corpus callosum in schizophrenia: Evidence for transcallosal misconnection
Whitford, T. J., Savadjiev, P., Kubicki, M. R., O’Donnell, L. J., Terry, D. P., Sylvain Bouix, A., Westin, C., Schneiderman, J. S., Bobrow, L., Rausch, A. C., et al. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.07.010 · Cited by 24
“The callosal fibers connecting the language centers of the prefrontal and temporoparietal cortices bilaterally have been specifically implicated (Crow, 2000; DeLisi, 2001), which is consistent with theories that emphasize the role of pathology in the heteromodal association cortex in the etiologyof schizophrenia (Pear…”
Möhr, C., Landis, T., & Brugger, P. (2006) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.a815 · Cited by 25
Antithetical asymmetry in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder: a line bisection study
Rao, N. P., Arasappa, R., Reddy, N. N., Venkatasubramanian, G., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2010) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00811.x · Cited by 25
“Johnstone EC, Owens DG, Crow TJ et al. Temporal lobe structure as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHands, Arms, and Minds: Interactions Between Posture and Thought
Möhr, C., Thut, G., Landis, T., & Brugger, P. (2003) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.25.7.1000.16491 · Cited by 24
The Psychoanalytic Concept of Jouissance and the Kindling Hypothesis
Dimitriadis, Y. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01593 · Cited by 24
“There could be for example some kind of dialogue with the genetic studies of Crow (2000, 2002) who maintains that schizophrenia is the price man has to pay for the ability to speak. If we were to follow Crow’s viewpoint, language and the schizophrenic being are two sides of the same coin; Lacan (1946) affirmed the sam…”
BackgroundGregory, M. D., Eisenberg, D. P., Hamborg, M., Kippenhan, J. S., Kohn, P., Kolachana, B., Dickinson, D., & Berman, K. F. (2021) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32872 · Cited by 24
“2021;186B:329–338. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ajmgb 329 may be related to the emergence of abilities that characterize modern humans, such as language (Crow, 2000), social functioning (Burns, 2006), and/or creativity (Power et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSchizophrenia as variation in the sapiens‐specific epigenetic instruction to the embryo
Crow, T. J. (2012) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2012.01830.x · Cited by 23
“An alternative explanation is that these conditions are in some way related to the human capacity for language, and may be associated with other variations that cross populations – for example, the incidence of right handedness, sex differences in verbal and spatial ability, and in age at procreation (5).”
BackgroundSelf-citationChapman, H. L., Grimshaw, G. M., & Nicholls, M. E. R. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.019 · Cited by 23
“It has been proposed that high levels of schizotypy and mixedhandedness have a common underlying neurological cause related to weak cerebral dominance and ‘cerebral indecision’ (Crow, 1997; 2000).”
BackgroundProbing the Association between Early Evolutionary Markers and Schizophrenia
Srinivasan, S., Bettella, F., Hassani, S., Wang, Y., Witoelar, A., Schork, A. J., Thompson, W. K., Collier, D. A., Desikan, R. S., Melle, I. S., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169227 · Cited by 25
“Hence, schizophrenia has been suggested to represent, in part, a by-product of adaptive changes during the hominization process [3, 5].”
BackgroundSpironelli, C., Romeo, Z., Maffei, A., & Angrilli, A. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12840 · Cited by 23
Neuropsychological Functioning in Schizophrenia Patients with First-Rank (Passivity) Symptoms
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Ceccherini‐Nelli, A., TURPINCROWTHER, K., & Crow, T. J. (2006) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.09.017 · Cited by 23
Self-citationPossible genetic and epigenetic links between human inner speech, schizophrenia and altruism
Agnati, L. F., Barlow, P., Ghidoni, R., Borroto-Escuela, D. O., Guidolin, D., & Fuxe, K. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.074 · Cited by 29
“In all these fields it is possible todetect maladaptive traits from the point of view of genetic fitness (Blackmore, 1999; Csukly et al., 2011; Dale et al., 2010; Franz and Matthews, 2010; Grossmann and Kross, 2010; Nielsen and Tomaselli, 2010; Schwartz et al., 2010; Spörrle et al., 2010).”
Craddock & Owen vs Kraepelin: 85 years late, mesmerised by “polygenes”
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Self-citationRapp, A., & Steinhäuser, A. E. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.019 · Cited by 22
“In the last decades, numerous authors have hypothesised that abnormal pathways for language play a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Kleist, 1914; Crow, 1997a, 2000; DeLisi, 2001; David, 2004; McKenna and Oh, 2005; Strik et al., 2008).”
Tabarés‐Seisdedos, R. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00286-4 · Cited by 22
“In any case, a failure of lateralization of language and motor functions is proposed as a critical feature of the human brain and a key dimension in predisposition to develop schizophrenia (Crow, 2000).”
BackgroundEvolutionary Aspects of Human Endogenous Retroviral Sequences (HERVs) and Disease
Sverdlov, E. D. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781498713801-17 · Cited by 22
Rapid evolving RNA gene HAR1A and schizophrenia
Tolosa, A., Sanjuán, J., Leal, C., Costas, J., Moltó, M. D., & de Frutos, R. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.10.011 · Cited by 22
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What enables human language? A biocultural framework
Arnon, I., Carmel, L., Claidière, N., Fitch, W. T., Susan Goldin-meadow, A., Kirby, S., Okanoya, K., Raviv, L., Wolters, L., & Fisher, S. E. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adq8303 · Cited by 21
Grammaticalization and language evolution: Focusing the debate
Benítez‐Burraco, A. (2017) · Language Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2017.03.003 · Cited by 23
The Sociodevelopmental Origins of Psychosis
Morgan, C., & Hutchinson, G. A. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470684214.ch15 · Cited by 21
The role of the right hemisphere for language in schizophrenia
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Evolutionary psychiatry and the schizophrenia paradox: a critique
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“Many schizophrenics seem to lack such asymmetry ( Crow 2000 ).”
BackgroundInfluentialTréhout, M., Leroux, E., Delcroix, N., & Dollfus, S. (2017) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12526 · Cited by 19
Harmony, Perspective, and Triadic Cognition
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“…al., 2001; McCarley et al., 2002) Therefore, the inter- and intrahemispheric hierarchical roles of Broca's area (Bookheimer, 2002; Hagoort, 2005) would explain the lack of linguistic integration and the metalinguistic disorganization observed in schizophrenia (Crow 1997, 2000; Kuperberg, 2010a,b).”
BackgroundBeing Bleuler: The Second Century of Schizophrenia
Kaplan, R. M. (2008) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10398560802302176 · Cited by 22
“The laterality gene results in a range of profoundly human capabilities.(51) These include intellectual ability, creativity, emotionality, psychosis and a range of phenomena variously referred to as schizotypal, eccentric or magical traits.”
BackgroundEditorial commentary: Is LRRTM1 the gene for handedness?
McManus, I. C., Nicholls, M. E. R., & Vallortígara, G. (2009) · Laterality Asymmetries of Body Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13576500802542577 · Cited by 19
A Brain Centred View of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Tinnitus: From Otology to Hodology
Salviati, M., Bersani, F. S., Valeriani, G., Minichino, A., Panico, R., Romano, G. F., Mazzei, F., Testugini, V., ALTISSIMI, G., & Cianfrone, G. (2014) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2014/817852 · Cited by 17
“Moreover, as Tim Crow assessed in the paper “Schizophrenia as the price that homo sapiens pays for language: a resolution of the central paradox in the origin of the species” [124] there is a well-established involvement of language development in psychiatric disorders, supporting the idea of a potential role of arcua…”
BackgroundLucarini, V., Cangemi, F., Daniel, B. D., Lucchese, J., Paraboschi, F., Cattani, C., Marchesi, C., Grice, M., Vogeley, K. T., & Tonna, M. (2021) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-021-01329-w · Cited by 20
La controversia por la cultura en el DSM-IV
Uribe, C. A. B. (2000) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 17
A case with a 120 base pair insertional mutation in the prion protein gene: the first case in Japan
Beck, G. (2005) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.048553 · Cited by 17
Metaphor in psychosis: on the possible convergence of Lacanian theory and neuro-scientific research
Ribolsi, M., Feyaerts, J., & Vanheule, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00664 · Cited by 16
Pienkos, E., & Sass, L. A. (2017) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000455195 · Cited by 16
Studying Psychosis Using Natural Language Generation: A Review of Emerging Opportunities
Palaniyappan, L. K., Benrimoh, D. A., Voppel, A., & Rocca, R. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.04.009 · Cited by 14
Strien, J. W. V., & van Kampen, D. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.019 · Cited by 15
“Anomalous structural, functional, and neurochemical hemispheric asymmetries may be causally related to schizotypy and schizophrenia (Crow, 2000; Gruzelier, 1999, 2003).”
Left hemispheric breakdown of LTP-like cortico-cortical plasticity in schizophrenic patients
Ribolsi, M., Lisi, G., Ponzo, V., Siracusano, A., Caltagirone, C., Niolu, C., & Koch, G. (2017) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.255 · Cited by 16
On the origin of schizophrenia: Testing evolutionary theories in the post‐genomic era
Nesic, M. J., Stojković, B., & Marić, N. P. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12933 · Cited by 18
Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neuroinflammation in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia
Trubalski, M., Markiewicz-Gospodarek, A., Żerebiec, M., Poleszak, J., Szczotka, M., Markiewicz, R., Łoza, B., & Szymańczyk, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262211139 · Cited by 17
“…approach schizophrenia as an inevitable cost to the emergence of the human species or as a variable sum of errors at key stages of an individual’s development, they address the interplay of unimpaired development and pathological processes such as oxidative stress and neuroinflammation [164,165].”
Language production impairments in patients with a first episode of psychosis
Gargano, G., Caletti, E., Perlini, C., Turtulici, N., Bellani, M., Bonivento, C., Garzitto, M., Siri, F. M., Longo, C., Bonetto, C., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272873 · Cited by 14
“According to such hypothesis, psychotic symptoms may be related to an altered hemispheric lateralization [8], with language lateralization during language production tasks being significantly reduced in psychotic patients even at the onset of the symptoms [9, 10].”
BackgroundSchizotypal personality traits influence idiosyncratic initiation of saccadic face exploration
Leonards, U., & Möhr, C. (2009) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2009.07.013 · Cited by 14
“1999; Phillips & David, 1997). Phillips and David (1997), for example, asked patients with schizophrenia to look at pictures of neutral faces and judge their pleasantness.”
InfluentialDanivas, V., Kalmady, S. V., Arasappa, R., Behere, R. V., Rao, N. P., Venkatasubramanian, G., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2009) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.4103/0253-7176.63578 · Cited by 14
“In addition to the preexisting data on the biological differences between FRS and FRS patients,[4,26] our study findings offer further support for the clinical importance of FRS in identifying subtypes of schizophrenia.”
ResultLanguage and self-consciousness: modes of self-presentation in language structure
Stamenov, M. I. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543708.005 · Cited by 14
Zhao, W. D., Voon, V., Xue, K., Xie, C., Kang, J., Lin, C., Wang, J., Cheng, J., & Feng, J. (2022) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110556 · Cited by 12
Herzig, D. A., Sullivan, S. A., Lewis, G., Corcoran, R., Drake, R., Evans, J., Nutt, D., & Möhr, C. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu179 · Cited by 13
The effect of handedness on academic ability: A multivariate linear mixed model approach
Cheyne, C. P., Roberts, N., Crow, T. J., Leask, S., & García‐Fiñana, M. (2009) · Laterality Asymmetries of Body Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13576500902976956 · Cited by 13
“For example, a possible association between hand skill and academic ability was investigated by analysing data from a group of 11-year-old children (Crow et al., 1998).”
MethodSelf-citationHanson, K. L., Hrvoj-Mihić, B., & Semendeferi, K. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000365409 · Cited by 13
“Specifically, the rapid evolution of certain traits, including linguistic capacity [Crow, 1998, 2000] and advanced aspects of social cognition, such as empathy and mentalizing [Brüne, 2005; Burns, 2006] and executive function, which are severely affected in schizophrenia, point to derived features…”
BackgroundMinor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia in a Chinese population
Lin, Y. C., Ma, X., Deng, W., Han, Y., Li, M., Liu, X., Loh, E., & Li, T. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.07.022 · Cited by 13
“Aberrations in cerebral lateralisation in schizophrenia have been observed (Crow, 2000; Loberg et al., 2006).”
BackgroundA comparative analysis of the pig, mouse, and human PCDHX genes
Blanco, P., Sargent, C. A., & Affara, N. A. (2004) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s00335-003-3034-9 · Cited by 13
“Among the main features that distinguish humans from great apes are lateralization of the brain, language, and various aspects of cognitive function (Crow 2000).”
BackgroundDifferences in fMRI and MRS in a monozygotic twin pair discordant for schizophrenia (case report)
Španiel, F., Hájek, T., Tintěra, J., Harantová, P., Dezortová, M., & Hájek, M. (2003) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.02430.x · Cited by 13
“Correlation coefficient maps (MARKI) and F-test maps (SPM99) were thresholded on the level of P ¼ 0.0001 (not corrected) to get significantly activated pixels.”
MethodInfluentialSpironelli, C., Marino, M., Mantini, D., Montalti, R., Craven, A. R., Ersland, L., Angrilli, A., & Hugdahl, K. (2023) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-023-00401-9 · Cited by 13
“As expected, in line with Crow ’ s hypothesis 16,17 concerning the inverted frontal symmetry in hallucinated psychosis, AVH/D + patients showed the recruitment of additional regions outside the LN, i.e., the homologous of Broca ’ s area/frontal operculum (BA 44) and the anterior right insula (BA…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe meaningful-based cognitive architecture model of schizophrenia
Schneider, H. (2019) · Cognitive Systems Research · doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2019.09.019 · Cited by 12
Altered language network lateralization in euthymic bipolar patients: a pilot study
Romeo, Z., Marino, M., Angrilli, A., Semenzato, I., Favaro, A., Magnolfi, G., Padovan, G. B., Mantini, D., & Spironelli, C. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02202-7 · Cited by 12
“Following Crow’s hypothesis on the common origin of psychoses [17, 18], in the present pilot study we investigated resting-state fMRI features within the Language Network (LN) in a group of BD patients in euthymic phase, to establish whether the presence of alterations in spontaneous network fluctuations might charact…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialLi, X., Crow, T. J., & Roberts, N. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24391 · Cited by 12
“…and developmental stuttering (Foundas et al., 2003), suggest a possible relationship to cognitive function including perhaps the faculty of language (Best, 1988; Chance & Crow, 2007; Crow, 2000, 2007, 2008, 2010; Esiri, Chance, de Barros, & Crow, 2015; Galaburda, LeMay, Kemper, & Geschwind, 1978).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMarch 27, 1827 and what happened later—the impact of psychiatry on evolutionary theory
Crow, T. J. (2006) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.005 · Cited by 13
Self-citationEEG Frontal Asymmetry in Dysthymia, Major Depressive Disorder and Euthymic Bipolar Disorder
Spironelli, C., Fusina, F., Bortolomasi, M., & Angrilli, A. (2021) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym13122414 · Cited by 11
“According to Crow [36,37], this left/right and anterior/posterior asymmetry (represented by this human-specific brain torque) is at the origin of Homo sapiens speciation and consciousness, but alterations of this asymmetry would lead to unfavorable psychiatric disorders, such as SZ [34,35,38], as well as to the most s…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Crow, T.
- Affiliations
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Crow, T
- Venue
- Brain Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 118-129
- ISSN
- 0165-0173 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082220470
- Cited by
- 387
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 4.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Language and cultural evolution
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, origin of language, human, speciation events, hemispheric lateralization, association cortex, hemispheric dominance, indexicality, great apes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Humans, Language, Schizophrenia, Hominidae
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