Low folate levels in the cognitive decline of elderly patients and the efficacy of folate as a treatment for improving memory deficits
Abstract
The relevance of low folate levels as determinants of cognitive deficits and the usefulness of folate supplementation in the treatment of cognitive deficits was reviewed from the literature. Over 40 papers and book chapters published in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish were examined. This represents those papers published in the international literature in the last 10 years which were identified by various key words including folate, cognition and aging (or ageing). Among these papers, only 13 articles specifically addressed issues relevant to the criteria adopted for this review. The remaining papers were principally concerned with depression and or with other pathologies of the aged associated with folate deficiency. Although the specific role of low folate levels in the physiopathology of dementia is still under debate, a growing consensus is emerging in the literature where low folate as well as cobalamin levels in aged patients with cognitive deficits are being considered as a sign of functional problems in the absorption and utilization of vitamins, and not merely as a sign of bad eating habits. In studies where folate compounds were evaluated for treatment effects, the results of a majority of investigations indicated that folate treatment was effective in lessening cognitive deficits. Treatment efficacy, however, has not yet been sufficiently demonstrated by these results because there were no controlled studies and the methodology was heterogeneous for the evaluation of cognitive characteristics. An ad hoc double-blind, controlled versus placebo pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of folic acid in 30 aged patients with abnormal cognitive decline and folate level below 3 ng/ml to better understand the value of this type of intervention. Our results from this preliminary study demonstrated that patients treated with folic acid for 60 days showed a significant improvement on both memory and attention efficiency when compared with a placebo group. The intensity of memory improvement was positively correlated with initial severity of folate deficiency. On the contrary, the severity of initial cognitive decline was unrelated to the degree of folate deficiency.
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In another smaller trial, 30 elderly patients given 15 g folic acid or placebo for 60 days experienced improved attention efficiency and memory processes.
“In another smaller trial, 30 elderly patients were given 15 g folic acid or a placebo for 60 days; treated patients experienced improved attention efficiency and memory processes [199].”
From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [199]
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Serum folate levels and cognitive performance in the ELSA-Brasil baseline assessment
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B Vitamins Influence Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Scott, T. M., D’Anci, K. E., & Rosenberg, I. H. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22431-2_17 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The role of vitamins in dementia prevention and cognitive health: A comprehensive review
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- Authors
- Fioravanti, M., Ferrario, E., Massaia, M., Cappa, G., Rivolta, G., Grossi, E., & Buckley, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- University of Turin (IT)
- Bracco (Italy) (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Buckley, A.E
- Venue
- Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 0167-4943 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2051413962
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
- Keywords
- folate deficiency, cognitive decline, memory impairment, folic acid supplementation, older adults, aging, dementia, vitamin B12, attention, pilot study
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