Hepatitis C virus infection among institutionalised psychiatric patients: a regression analysis of indicators of risk
Abstract
Background/aims Institutionalised psychiatric patients are at increased risk of developing chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, little information is available on transmission and epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in this setting. The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors of acquiring HCV infection in two large psychiatric institutions in northern Italy.Methods We designed a case-control study using randomly selected controls from the same study database, consisting of a total of 1180 patients, in order to satisfy the principle that both cases and controls should be representative of the same base experience. A multiple regression logistic analysis was used to identify features that could predict exposure to HCV as evidenced by the presence of circulating anti-HCV antibodies.Results Anti-HCV was detected in 79 patients (6.7%). The prevalence of viraemia and the distribution of genotypes were very similar to those found in subjects with chronic HCV infection drawn from the same geographical area. Multivariate analysis indicated that a diagnosis of psychosis and a history of trauma were statistically significant independent risk factors associated with a positive anti-HCV result (OR 2.615, 1.273-5.373 95% CI and OR 2.096, 1.133-3.877 95% CI, respectively).Conclusions The findings of this large epidemiological study show for the first time that prolonged residence in psychiatric institutions does not entail per se a significant risk of acquiring HCV infection. Since transmission of HCV in this setting appears to occur predominantly via classical parenteral routes, simple prophylactic measures appear to be adequate to prevent infection.
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Across different continents, rates of hepatitis virus infection are markedly elevated in persons with SMI compared to the general population.
“Across different continents, markedly elevated rates of hepatitis virus infection have been reported in persons with SMI compared to the general population (364,396-403).”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [399]
In the largest study to date, prevalence rates of hepatitis B virus (23.4%) and hepatitis C virus (19.6%) in SMI patients were approximately 5 and 11 times the overall estimated population rates for these infections.
“The largest study to date found prevalence rates of hepatitis B virus (23.4%) and hepatitis C virus (19.6%) in SMI patients to be approximately 5 and 11 times the overall estimated population rates for these infections.”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [399]
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- Authors
- Cividini, A., Pistorio, A., Regazzetti, A., Cerino, A., Tinelli, C., Mancuso, A., Ribola, M., Galli, M. L., Agnusdei, A., Leone, M., Silini, E., & Mondelli, M. U.
- Affiliations
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione (IT)
- Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Mondelli, Mario U.
- Venue
- Journal of Hepatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-09
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 455-463
- ISSN
- 0168-8278 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2089811426
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministero della Salute
- Regione Lombardia
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis C virus research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Keywords
- hepatitis C virus, psychiatric patients, institutionalized patients, psychosis, trauma history, anti-HCV antibodies, HCV transmission, blood-borne transmission, HCV genotypes, HCV viraemia, infection control
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Hepatitis C, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Institutionalization, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies
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