The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Corruption and military spending
Abstract
Anecdotal evidence relates corruption with high levels of military spending. This paper tests empirically whether such a relationship exists. The empirical analysis is based on data from four different sources for up to 120 countries in the period 1985-98, The association between military spending and corruption is ascertained by using panel regression techniques. The results suggest that corruption is indeed associated with higher military spending as a share of both GDP and total government spending, as well as with arms procurement in relation to GDP and total government spending. This evidence indicates that defense spending can be considered for constructing governance indicators.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Does Mother Nature Corrupt? Natural Resources, Corruption, and Economic Growth
Leite, C., & Weidmann, J. (1999) · IMF Working Papers · doi:10.5089/9781451850734.001 · Cited by 604
Cited by
Measuring state capacity: Theoretical and empirical implications for the study of civil conflict
Hendrix, C. S. (2010) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343310361838 · Cited by 795
Gupta, S., Verhoeven, M., & Tiongson, E. R. (2002) · European Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1016/s0176-2680(02)00116-7 · Cited by 490
Self-citationPROPOSAL FOR A NEW MEASURE OF CORRUPTION, ILLUSTRATED WITH ITALIAN DATA
Golden, M. A., & Picci, L. (2005) · Economics and Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0343.2005.00146.x · Cited by 470
Fiscal consequences of armed conflict and terrorism in low- and middle-income countries
Gupta, S., Clements, B., Bhattacharya, R., & Chakravarti, S. (2004) · European Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.12.001 · Cited by 201
Self-citationThe politics of survival or business as usual? Exploring the effects of armed conflict on corruption
Lohaus, M., & Bussmann, M. (2021) · Journal of International Relations and Development · doi:10.1057/s41268-020-00186-9 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Gupta, S., de Mello, L., & Sharan, R.
- Venue
- European Journal of Political Economy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 749-777
- ISSN
- 0176-2680 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3125631287
- Cited by
- 427
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 25.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Corruption and military spending. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0176-2680(01)00054-4
- The paper
- Gupta, S., de Mello, L., & Sharan, R. (2001). Corruption and military spending. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0176-2680(01)00054-4
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
