Jensen effects and African/Coloured/Indian/White differences on Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices in South Africa
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Rushton's item-level Raven's Progressive Matrices studies generally found group differences were greater on items with the highest item-total correlations, confirming Spearman's hypothesis.
“It was generally found that group differences were greater on those items of the RPM with the highest item-total correlations, which are the best measures of general factor of intelligence, which counts as a confirmation of Spearman's hypothesis.”
From Spearman’s Hypothesis Tested on Black Adults: A Meta-Analysis (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Thirty years of research on race differences in cognitive ability.
Rushton, J. P., & Jensen, A. R. (2005) · Psychology, Public Policy, and Law · doi:10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
“Rushton (2002) analyzed the item data from 4,000 high school students in South Africa on Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices published by Owen (1992) and found the four-way African–Colored–East Indian– White differences were all on g.”
Self-citationWicherts, J. M., Dolan, C. V., Carlson, J. S., & van der Maas, H. L. J. (2010) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2009.12.001 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“(Rushton, 2002; Rushton & Skuy, 2000; Rushton, Skuy, & Bons, 2004; Rushton et al., 2002; Rushton, Skuy, & Fridjhon, 2003) studied whether the SPM and the APM have similar item characteristics for Whites and Blacks in South Africa (cf.”
BackgroundMethodRushton, J., Skuy, M., & Bons, T. A. (2004) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/j.0965-075x.2004.00276.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“way African–Colored–East Indian–White mean differences were all on g (Owen, 1992; Rushton, 2002; Rushton & Skuy, 2000; Rushton et al., 2002, 2003).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationRushton, J. P., Skuy, M., & Fridjhon, P. (2003) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(02)00140-x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Rushton (2001) re-analyzed data published on 154 high-school students in South Africa by Skuy et al. (2001) andfoundAfrican–Whitedifferenceson10subtestsoftheWISC-Rweremainlyong. Rushton (2002) analyzed item data from 4000 high-school students in South Africa on the Standard Progressive Matrices published by Owen (1992…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationRushton, J. P., Skuy, M., & Fridjhon, P. (2002) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(02)00093-4 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationRushton, J. P., & Jensen, A. R. (2010) · The Open Psychology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874350101003010009 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationRushton, J., & Jensen, A. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00192-7 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationMalda, M., van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Temane, Q. M. (2010) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2010.07.004 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“…in other contexts, using various cognitive tests, also found support for the hypothesis (e.g., Hartmann, Kruuse, & Nyborg, 2007; Lynn & Owen, 1994; Rushton, 2002; Te Nijenhuis, Evers, & Mur, 2000; Te Nijenhuis, Tolboom, Resing, & Bleichrodt, 2004; Te Nijenhuis & Van der Flier, 1997, 2003, 2004,…”
Nijenhuis, J., & van der Flier, H. (2003) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(03)00027-8 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Arce-Ferrer, A. J., & Guzmán, E. M. (2009) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164409332219 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“In addition, the RSPM test has proved to be uniquely valuable for measuring general intelligence of culturally diverse examinees because of its limited reliance on language (Lynn, Backhoff, & Contreras, 2004; Rushton, 2002; Rushton, Skuy, & Bons, 2004).”
BackgroundFaçon, B., Magis, D., Nuchadee, M.-L., & de Boeck, P. A. L. (2011) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2011.04.002 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…score correlations, some researchers have concluded that the IQ difference between African and non-African peoples reflects a true difference of g-factor rather than the influence of culturally specific factors affecting test performance (Rushton 2002; Rushton et al., 2003; Rushton and Skuy, 2000).”
BackgroundMethodTesting the cross-racial generality of Spearman's hypothesis in two samples
Hartmann, P. V. W., Kruuse, N. H. S., & Nyborg, H. (2007) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.04.004 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Rushton, Skuy, and Fridjohn (2003) administrated the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices to 294 17– 23-year-old engineering students in South Africa.”
MethodInfluentialSpearman’s Hypothesis Tested on Black Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Te Nijenhuis, J., & Van den Hoek, M. (2016) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence4020006 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wicherts, J. M. (2017) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2016.11.002 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Nijenhuis, J. T., Bakhiet, S. F. A., van den Hoek, M., Repko, J., Allïk, J., Žebec, M. S., Sukhanovskiy, V., & Abduljabbar, A. S. (2016) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2016.02.010 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Race Differences in g and the “Jensen Effect”
Rushton, J. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008043793-4/50046-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The third study (Rushton 2002) re-analyzed published data from Owen (1992) who had given the Standard Progressive Matrices in South Africa without time limits to 1,056 White, 1,063 Indian, 778 Colored, and 1,093 Black 14-year-olds.”
MethodSelf-citationNijenhuis, J. T., Al-Shahomee, A. A., van den Hoek, M., Grigoriev, A. A., & Repko, J. (2015) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2015.03.001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Nijenhuis, J. T., Choi, Y. Y., van den Hoek, M., Valueva, E. А., & Lee, K. H. (2019) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932019000026 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Rushton et al. (2007) found that differences in intelligence between the Roma (Gypsy) community of Serbia and majority Serbians were most pronounced on the most g-loaded items of the Raven.”
BackgroundSpearman's hypothesis tested in Kazakhstan on the items of the Standard Progressive Matrices Plus
Nijenhuis, J. T., Grigoriev, A. A., & van den Hoek, M. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.048 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
te Nijenhuis, J., Al-Shahomee, A. A., van den Hoek, M., Allik, J., Grigoriev, A., & Dragt, J. (2015) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2015.03.002 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nijenhuis, J. T., Batterjee, A. A., van den Hoek, M., Allïk, J., & Sukhanovskiy, V. (2016) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932016000535 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The Indian sample from South Africa (Owen, 1992; Rushton, 2002) was composed of 1063 Indian children with an average age of 15.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMeasuring Cognition and Motivation across Cultural Groups
Fischer, R. D., & Lun, V. M. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-373694-9.00024-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ganzach, Y. (2016) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2015.12.026 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Differential Item Functioning on Raven’s SPM+ Amongst Two Convenience Samples of Yakuts and Russians
Shibaev, V., Grigoriev, A., Valueva, E., & Karlin, A. (2020) · Psych · doi:10.3390/psych2010005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effects of Data-Collection Designs in the Comparison of Computer-Based and Paper-Based Tests
Arce-Ferrer, A. J., & Bulut, O. (2018) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2018.1507986 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“The Raven Standards Progressive Matrices 1 is a commercially available, fixed-length PBT with 60 nonverbal stimuli to access the general intelligence of culturally diverse examinees (Lynn, Backhoff, & Contreras, 2004; Raven, Raven, & Court, 1993; Rushton, 2002).”
Ackerman, P., Anderson, B., Arden, R., Barrett, G., Brand, C., Brody, N., Carretta, T., Carroll, J. B., Constales, D., & Deary, I. J. (2008) · doi:10.1080/01062301.2008.10592833
Bakhiet, S. F. A., Nijenhuis, J. T., van den Hoek, M., Al-Khadher, M. A., & Сергеевич, Ш. В. (2018) · International Journal of Educational & Psychological Studies · doi:10.31559/eps2018.3.3.8
“Multiple empirical studies were carried out by Rushton and his co-authors, using participants from Africa and Serbia (Rushton, 2002; Rushton, Čvorović, & Bons, 2007; Rushton & Skuy, 2000; Rushton, Skuy, & Fridjhon, 2002; 2003).”
Background
- Authors
- Rushton, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Rushton, J.Philippe
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1279-1284
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2078842121
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, general intelligence factor, g-loading, ethnic differences, cognitive performance, South African adolescents
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