Cited by 1,363Physical Activity and HealthAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesStress Responses and Cortisol

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 280 of the 280 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress

Salmon, Peter·2001·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00032-x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Until recently, claims for the psychological benefits of physical exercise have tended to precede supportive evidence. Acutely, emotional effects of exercise remain confusing, both positive and negative effects being reported. Results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are more consistent in indicating that aerobic exercise training has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects and protects against harmful consequences of stress. Details of each of these effects remain unclear. Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects have been demonstrated most clearly in subclinical disorder, and clinical applications remain to be exploited. Cross-sectional studies link exercise habits to protection from harmful effects of stress on physical and mental health, but causality is not clear. Nevertheless, the pattern of evidence suggests the theory that exercise training recruits a process which confers enduring resilience to stress. This view allows the effects of exercise to be understood in terms of existing psychobiological knowledge, and it can thereby provide the theoretical base that is needed to guide future research in this area. Clinically, exercise training continues to offer clinical psychologists a vehicle for nonspecific therapeutic social and psychological processes. It also offers a specific psychological treatment that may be particularly effective for patients for whom more conventional psychological interventions are less acceptable.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00032-x

Cites

280 of 280 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Items 201–280 of 280

The joy of running
Kostrubala, T. (1976) · Cited by 50
An exploration of factors predicting the effects of aerobic conditioning on mood state
Simons, C. W., & Birkimer, J. C. (1988) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(88)90089-x · Cited by 50
Psychological Effects of Exercise
Morgan, W. P. (1982) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/4.1.25 · Cited by 50
Efficiency of Coping with a Real‐Life Stressor: A Multimodal Comparison of Aerobic Fitness
Brooke, S. T., & Long, B. C. (1987) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00275.x · Cited by 49
Endogenous opioids modulate the cardiovascular response to mental stress
Morris, M., Salmon, P., Steinberg, H., Sykes, E. A., Bouloux, P. M., Newbould, E., McLoughlin, L., BESSER, G. M., & Grossman, A. B. (1990) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(90)90029-9 · Cited by 49
Self-citation
Conditioning exercise decreases premenstrual symptoms
Prior, J. C., Vigna, Y. M., & Alojada, N. (1986) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00422732 · Cited by 48
State Anxiety Following 20 Minutes of Bicycle Ergometer Exercise at Selected Intensities
Raglin, J. S., & Wilson, M. A. (1996) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-972880 · Cited by 47
Influence of exercise on anxiety level in patients with anxiety disorders
Cameron, O. G., & Hudson, C. J. (1986) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(86)72622-4 · Cited by 46
A further note on the running treatment for anxiety.
Muller, B., & Armstrong, H. E. (1975) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/h0086465 · Cited by 46
Tolerance and cross tolerance with morphine resulting from physiological release of endogenous opiates
Christie, M. J., Trisdikoon, P., & CHESHER, G. B. (1982) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(82)90538-0 · Cited by 46
Long-Term Follow-up of Stressed Working Women: A Comparison of Aerobic Exercise and Progressive Relaxation
Long, B. C., & Haney, C. J. (1988) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.10.4.461 · Cited by 45
Effects of Stress and Exercise on Plasma Corticosterone, Plasma Cholesterol, and Aortic Cholesterol Levels in Rats
Starzec, J. J., Berger, D. F., & Hesse, R. (1983) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198306000-00004 · Cited by 45
Affective responses to acute exercise: a test of opponent-process theory.
Petruzzello, S. J., Jones, A. C., & Tate, A. K. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 44
Postexercise hypotension reduces cardiovascular responses to stress
Boone, J. B., Probst, M. M., Rogers, M. W., & Berger, R. (1993) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199304000-00017 · Cited by 44
Stress, helplessness and control: The implications of laboratory studies
Steptoe, A. (1983) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(83)90067-3 · Cited by 44
Effects of Running and of an Exercise Class on Anxiety
Wilson, V. E., Berger, B. G., & Bird, E. I. (1981) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1981.53.2.472 · Cited by 44
Influence of a brief aerobic training program on heart rate and subjective response to a psychologic stressor.
Holmes, D. S., & McGilley, B. M. (1987) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198707000-00005 · Cited by 43
Phasic Cardiac Reactivity to Psychological Stress as a Function of Aerobic Fitness Level
Shulhan, D. L., Scher, H., & Furedy, J. J. (1986) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00675.x · Cited by 43
Relaxation training and opioid inhibition of blood pressure response to stress.
McCubbin, J. A., Wilson, J. F., Bruehl, S. P., Ibarra, P., Carlson, C. R., Norton, J. A., & Colclough, G. W. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.64.3.593 · Cited by 43
Misattribution of arousal and attraction: Effects of salience of explanations for arousal
White, G. L., & Kight, T. D. (1984) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(84)90012-x · Cited by 43
Cardiorespiratory response under combined psychological and exercise stress
Rousselle, J. G., Blascovich, J., & Kelsey, R. M. (1995) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/0167-8760(95)00026-o · Cited by 41
The Effects of Exercise Withdrawal on Mood States in Runners
Conboy, J. K. (1994) · Journal of sport behavior · Cited by 40
Effects of acute exercise on cardiovascular reactivity
Ebbesen, B. L., Prkachin, K. M., Mills, D. E., & Green, H. J. (1992) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00844943 · Cited by 40
Effects of aerobic exercise training and relaxation training on cardiovascular activity during psychological stress
Holmes, D. S., & Roth, D. L. (1988) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(88)90031-1 · Cited by 40
Anxiety Reduction Using Physical Exertion And Positive Images
Driscoll, R. (1976) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03394364 · Cited by 40
The Influence of Aerobic Exercise on Physiological Stress Responsivity
Plante, T. G., & Karpowitz, D. H. (1987) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00348.x · Cited by 39
Acute exercise reduces caffeine-induced anxiogenesis
Youngstedt, S. D., O’Connor, P. J., Crabbe, J. B., & Dishman, R. K. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199805000-00015 · Cited by 39
Stress reactivity and exercise training in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Blumenthal, J. A., Fredrikson, M. G., Matthews, K. A., et al. (1991) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.10.6.384 · Cited by 38
Influence of Acute Physical Activity and Relaxation on State Anxiety and Blood Lactate in Untrained College Males
Garwin, A., Koltyn, K. F., & Morgan, W. P. (1997) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-972666 · Cited by 37
Aerobic power and cardiovascular response to stress
Claytor, R. P., Cox, R. H., Howley, E. T., et al. (1988) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1988.65.3.1416 · Cited by 37
A Pilot Investigation of Physical Working Capacity in Depressed and Nondepressed Psychiatric Males
Morgan, W. P. (1969) · Research Quarterly American Association for Health Physical Education and Recreation · doi:10.1080/10671188.1969.10614932 · Cited by 37
Stress Adaptation Through Exercise
Michael, E. D. (1957) · Research Quarterly American Association for Health Physical Education and Recreation · doi:10.1080/10671188.1957.10612900 · Cited by 36
Anxiety and heart rate under psychological stress: The effects of exercise-training
Calvo, M. G., Szabó, A., & Capafons, J. I. (1996) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615809608249409 · Cited by 35
Responses to activation and rest in patients with panic disorder and major depression
Rief, W., & Hermanutz, M. (1996) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1996.tb01216.x · Cited by 35
Aerobic fitness and the physiological stress response: A critical evaluation
van Doornen, L. J. P., de Geus, E. J. C., & Orlebeke, J. F. (1988) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(88)90394-2 · Cited by 34
Blood pressure and plasma catecholamine responses to various challenges during exercise-recovery in man
Péronnet, F., Massicotte, D., Paquet, J. E., Brisson, G. R., & de Champlain, J. (1989) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf02330711 · Cited by 33
Sympathetic indices during psychological and physical stimuli before and after training
Cléroux, J., Péronnet, F., & deChamplain, J. (1985) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(85)90349-x · Cited by 32
Application of the Experience Sampling Method to the Study of the Effects of Exercise Withdrawal on Well-Being
Gauvin, L. I., & Szabó, A. (1992) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.14.4.361 · Cited by 32
Exercise in the prevention and treatment of depression.
Sime, W. E. (1987) · Cited by 31
Emotionality changes in rats following chronic exercise
Tharp, G. D., & CARSON, W. H. (1975) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-197500720-00021 · Cited by 30
Aerobic fitness and psychophysiological reactivity.
Hollander, B. J., & Seraganian, P. (1984) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/h0080836 · Cited by 30
High versus Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise in Older Adults: Psychological and Physiological Effects
Swoap, R. A., Norvell, N. K., GRAVES, J. E., & Pollock, M. L. (1994) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2.4.293 · Cited by 30
Acute exercise and positive effect: an investigation of psychological processes leading to affective change.
Tuson, K. M., Sinyor, D., & Pelletier, L. G. (1995) · International journal of sport psychology · Cited by 29
Exercise tolerance in panic disorder patients
Stein, J., Papp, L. A., Klein, D. F., Cohen, S., Simon, J., Ross, D. C., Martínez, J. A. B., & Gorman, J. M. (1992) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90109-d · Cited by 28
Effect of a six-month aerobic exercise training program on cardiovascular responsivity in healthy middle-aged adults
Albright, C. L., King, A. C., Taylor, C. B., & Haskell, W. L. (1992) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(92)90111-e · Cited by 28
Failure to alter psychophysiological reactivity in type a men with physical exercise or stress management programs
Seraganian, P., Roskies, E., Hanley, J. A., Oseasohn, R., & COLLU, R. (1987) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870448708400326 · Cited by 28
Mood alteration from treadmill running and its relationship to beta-endorphin, corticotropin, and growth hormone.
Kraemer, R. R., Dzewaltowski, D. A., Blair, M. S., Rinehardt, K. F., & Castracane, V. D. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 27
Hemodynamic Responses to the Stroop and Cold Pressor Tests after Submaximal Cycling Exercise in Normotensive Males
Probst, M. M., Bulbulian, R., & Knapp, C. F. (1997) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00311-9 · Cited by 26
Opioidergic inhibition of circulatory and endocrine stress responses in cynomolgus monkeys: a preliminary study.
McCubbin, J. A., Kaplan, J. R., Manuck, S. B., & Adams, M. R. (1993) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199301000-00005 · Cited by 26
Exercise and responsivity to mental stress: discrepancies between the subjective and physiological effects of aerobic training.
Steptoe, A., Moses, J. L., Edwards, S., et al. (1993) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 25
The Effect of Bicycle Ergometer Exercise at Varying Intensities on the Heart Rate, EMG and Mood State Responses to a Mental Arithmetic Stressor
McGowan, C. R., Robertson, R. J., & Epstein, L. H. (1985) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1985.10608447 · Cited by 24
Reactivity to written mental arithmetic: Effects of exercise lay-off and habituation
Szabó, A., & Gauvin, L. I. (1992) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90171-w · Cited by 23
The effects of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular, facial EMG, and self-report responses to emotional imagery.
Fillingim, R. B., Roth, D. L., & Cook, E. W. (1992) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199201000-00004 · Cited by 23
Impact of exercise training on plasma adrenocorticotropin response to a well-learned vigilance task
Blaney, J., Sothmann, M. S., Raff, H., Hart, B. A., & Horn, T. S. (1990) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(90)90068-k · Cited by 22
Prophylactic effect of aerobic fitness on cardiovascular arousal among individuals with a family history of hypertension
Holmes, D. S., & Cappo, B. M. (1987) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(87)90038-9 · Cited by 21
Adherence to Group Exercise
Crook, P., Rose, M., Salmon, P., Stott, R., Peters, S., & Stanley, I. M. (1998) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0031-9406(05)61456-3 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
A Test of Exercise Analgesia Using Signal Detection Theory and a Within-Subjects Design
Fuller, A. K., & Robinson, M. E. (1993) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1993.76.3c.1299 · Cited by 19
Health and personality predictors of psychological functioning in a 7-year longitudinal study
Emery, C. F., Huppert, F. A., & Schein, R. L. (1996) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(95)00219-7 · Cited by 19
MOOD ALTERATIONS WITH A SINGLE BOUT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
McGowan, R. W. (1991) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.72.4.1203-1209 · Cited by 18
Influence of aerobic exercise activity and relaxation training on coping with test-taking anxiety
Doan, B.-T. T., Plante, T. G., Digregorio, M. P., & Manuel, G. (1995) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615809508249367 · Cited by 17
Psychological Effects during Reduced Training Volume and Intensity in Distance Runners
Wittig, A., McConell, G. K., COSTILL, D. L., et al. (1992) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021305 · Cited by 17
How do women cope with menstrual cycle changes?
Choi, P. Y. L., & Salmon, P. (1995) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01446.x · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular and subjective responses during subsequent cognitive work
Flory, J. D., & Holmes, D. S. (1991) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(91)90076-z · Cited by 16
The initiation and maintenance of exercise behavior: A learning theory conceptualization
Lees, L. A., & Dygdon, J. A. (1988) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90096-7 · Cited by 16
The effect of exercise and induced expectations on visceral perception in asthmatic patients
Meyer, R., Kröner‐Herwig, B., & Spörkel, H. (1990) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(90)90069-g · Cited by 16
Unemployment, trait anxiety and physical exercise.
Fasting, K., & Grønningsæter, H. (1986) · Cited by 14
Effects of aerobic exercise on depression
Veale, D. M. (1985) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.291.6493.487-b · Cited by 14
Aerobic Fitness and Emotional Arousal: A Critical Attempt at Replication
Zimmerman, J. D., & Fulton, M. (1981) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1981.48.3.911 · Cited by 14
Effects of aerobic fitness training on heart rate variability and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity
de Geus, E. J. C., Karsdorp, R., de Boer, B., et al. (1996) · VU Research Portal · Cited by 13
The psychophysiological effects of adrenaline infusions as a function of trait anxiety and aerobic fitness
van Zijderveld, G. A., van Doornen, L. J. P., Orlebeke, J. F., et al. (1991) · Anxiety Research · doi:10.1080/08917779208248795 · Cited by 12
Runners’ anxiety and mood on running and non-running days: Anin situdaily monitoring study
Szabó, A., Frenkl, R., Janek, G., et al. (1998) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548509808402235 · Cited by 11
Exercise-Produced Arousal, Film-Induced Arousal and Attribution of Internal State
Girodo, M., & Pellegrini, W. (1976) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1976.42.3.931 · Cited by 10
Aerobic conditioning (jogging) and stress inoculation interventions: an exploratory study of coping.
Long, B. C. (1993) · International journal of sport psychology · Cited by 10
Effects of Differing Prepuberty Exercise Programs on the Emotionality of Male Albino Rats
Weber, J. C., & Lee, R. A. (1968) · Research Quarterly American Association for Health Physical Education and Recreation · doi:10.1080/10671188.1968.10616606 · Cited by 10
Attenuation of stress-induced hypertension by exercise independent of training effects: An animal model
Mills, D. E., & Ward, R. P. (1986) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00845288 · Cited by 9
Anxiety reduction in competitive running as a function of success.
Clingman, J. M., & Hilliard, D. V. (1994) · Journal of sport behavior · Cited by 4
Affective Responses to Acute Exercise
Ekkekakis, P. (2005) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200505001-01479 · Cited by 4
GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION IN PRIMARY DEGENERATIVE DEMENTIA: CORRELATIONS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Paolo, E. D., Zerbi, F., Porro, S., Tosca, P., Costelli, P., Murialdo, G., Fonzi, S., Solinas, G. P., PARODI, C., & GIANELLI, M. V. (1996) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199610)11:10 · Cited by 2
Affective Responses to Acute Exercise
Ekkekakis, P. (2005) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-200505001-01479 · Cited by 2
Untitled work
Lee (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199803)23:2

Research works printed but not linked: 13

Allen, 1987, Naloxone blocking of running-induced mood changes, Annals of Sports Medicine, 3, 190
Bosscher, 1993, Running and mixed physical exercises with depressed psychiatric patients, International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 170
Brown, 1991, Staying fit and staying well, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 555, 10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.555 · DOI
Brown, 1986, Stress and well-being in adolescence, Journal of Human Stress, 12, 125
Clingman, 1994, Anxiety reduction in competitive running, Journal of Sport Behavior, 17, 120
Heaps, 1978, Relating physical and psychological fitness, Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 18, 399
Long, 1993, Aerobic conditioning (jogging) and stress inoculation interventions, International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 94
O'Brien, 1998, Differences in cardiovascular recovery among healthy young adults with and without a parental history of hypertension, Journal of Psychophysiology, 12, 17
Sacks, 1987, Eating disorders and long-distance running, Integrative Psychiatry, 5, 201
Steptoe, 1993, Exercise and responsivity to mental stress, International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 110
Tate, 1995, Varying the intensity of acute exercise, The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 35, 295
Tuson, 1995, Acute exercise and positive affect, International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 138
Wankel, 1993, The importance of enjoyment to adherence and psychological benefits form physical activity, International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 151

Sorted by citations

Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases
Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12581 · Cited by 3,514
Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in chronic disease
Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00520.x · Cited by 1,384
The Effects of Stress on Physical Activity and Exercise
Stults-Kolehmainen, M. A., & Sinha, R. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0090-5 · Cited by 1,192
The Psychobiology of Depression and Resilience to Stress: Implications for Prevention and Treatment
Southwick, S. M., Vythilingam, M., & Charney, D. S. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143948 · Cited by 1,160
Exercise and mental health
Mikkelsen, K., Stojanovska, L., Polenakovic, M., Bosevski, M., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2017) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003 · Cited by 1,072

See all 1,363

Authors: Salmon, P.
Affiliations: University of Liverpool (GB)
Corresponding author: Salmon, Peter
ORCID: Salmon, Peter
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-02
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 33-61
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00032-x
OpenAlex: W2169340948
Cited by: 1,363
References: 280
Citations by year: 2026: 54 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 69 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 61
FWCI: 2.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: physical activity, aerobic exercise training, anxiety, depression, stress sensitivity, stress resilience, antidepressant effects, anxiolytic effects, exercise therapy
MeSH terms: Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Stress, Psychological, Exercise, Treatment Outcome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks