The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The black report and beyond what are the issues?
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
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Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Sick individuals and sick populations
Rose, G. (2001) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/30.3.427 · Cited by 3,736
Tudor Hart, J. (1971) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)92410-x · Cited by 3,253
The fetal and infant origins of adult disease.
Barker, D. J. (1990) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6761.1111 · Cited by 2,768
Sick individuals and sick populations
ROSE, G. (1985) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/14.1.32 · Cited by 2,701
Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient
Adler, N. E., Boyce, T., Chesney, M. A., Cohen, S., Folkman, S., Kahn, R. L., & Syme, S. L. (1994) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.49.1.15 · Cited by 2,383
The Concepts and Principles of Equity and Health
Whitehead, M. (1992) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.2190/986l-lhq6-2vte-yrrn · Cited by 2,284
Pappas, G., Queen, S., Hadden, W., & Fisher, G. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199307083290207 · Cited by 1,524
Racism, Sexism, and Social Class: Implications for Studies of Health, Disease, and Well-being
Krieger, N., Rowley, D. L., Herman, A. A., Avery, B., & Phillips, M. T. (1993) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30666-4 · Cited by 956
Cited by
Gallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. A. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10 · Cited by 1,366
de Vries, S., Verheij, R. A., Groenewegen, P. P., & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2003) · Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a35111 · Cited by 1,258
Association of socioeconomic position with health behaviors and mortality
Stringhini, S. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.297 · Cited by 1,065
Health psychology: what is an unhealthy environment and how does it get under the skin?
Taylor, S. E., Repetti, R. L., & Seeman, T. (1997) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.411 · Cited by 936
Denton, M., Prus, S., & Walters, V. (2004) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.09.008 · Cited by 759
Metadata
- Authors
- Macintyre, S.
- Venue
- Social Science & Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-03
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 723-745
- ISSN
- 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2001449481
- Cited by
- 634
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 28.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The black report and beyond what are the issues? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00183-9
- The paper
- Macintyre, S. (1997). The black report and beyond what are the issues? Social Science & Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00183-9
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
