Health psychology: what is an unhealthy environment and how does it get under the skin?
Abstract
This review explores the role of environments in creating chronic and acute health disorders. A general framework for studying the nesting of social environments and the multiple pathways by which environmental factors may adversely affect health is offered. Treating socioeconomic status (SES) and race as contextual factors, we examine characteristics of the environments of community, work, family, and peer interaction for predictors of positive and adverse health outcomes across the lifespan. We consider chronic stress/allostatic load, mental distress, coping skills and resources, and health habits and behaviors as classes of mechanisms that address how unhealthy environments get "under the skin," to create health disorders. Across multiple environments, unhealthy environments are those that threaten safety, that undermine the creation of social ties, and that are conflictual, abusive, or violent. A healthy environment, in contrast, provides safety, opportunities for social integration, and the ability to predict and/or control aspects of that environment.
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Substandard environmental factors related to SES and structural racism can create health problems including addiction.
“Substandard environmental factors related to SES and structural racism can “get under the skin” and create health problems including addiction (81).”
From A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
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- Authors
- Taylor, S. E., Repetti, R. L., & Seeman, T.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1997-02
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 411-447
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- OpenAlex
- W2136727656
- Cited by
- 936
- References
- 202
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 3.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r37mh042152-08)
- U.S. Public Health Service (R29-48593)
- National Institute on Aging (AG00586)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 42152)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Keywords
- environmental health, social environment, socioeconomic status, race, chronic stress, allostatic load, psychological distress, coping, health behavior, community environment, work environment, family environment, peer interaction, social integration, violence and abuse
- MeSH terms
- Behavioral Medicine, Humans, Internal-External Control, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Social Support, Somatoform Disorders, Health Behavior
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