Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: do negative emotions play a role?

Gallo, Linda C.; Matthews, Karen A.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10

Cited by 1,366Health disparities and outcomesEmployment and Welfare StudiesPublic Health and Social Inequalities

Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: do negative emotions play a role?

Gallo, Linda C., Matthews, Karen A.·2003·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10

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Abstract

In this article, the authors evaluate the possible roles of negative emotions and cognitions in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical health, focusing on the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. After reviewing the limited direct evidence, the authors examine indirect evidence showing that (a) SES relates to the targeted health outcomes, (b) SES relates to negative emotions and cognitions, and (c) negative emotions and cognitions relate to the targeted health outcomes. The authors present a general framework for understanding the roles of cognitive-emotional factors, suggesting that low-SES environments are stressful and reduce individuals' reserve capacity to manage stress, thereby increasing vulnerability to negative emotions and cognitions. The article concludes with suggestions for future research to better evaluate the proposed model.

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Background
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Depression, Psychotropic Medication, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction: Prospective Data From the Baltimore ECA Follow-up
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Explaining the Social Patterns of Depression: Control and Problem Solving--or Support and Talking?
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Nicotine dependence, major depression, and anxiety in young adults
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The black report and beyond what are the issues?
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The Role of Adversity and Stress in Psychopathology: Some Evidence and Its Implications for Theory and Research
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Stress, Social Status, and Psychological Distress
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Depression and Long-Term Mortality Risk in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease * *This study was supported in part by grants P01 HL36587, R01 HL43028, R01 HL44998, R01 HL45702, and R01 HL49572 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; and AG-09276, AG09663, 5P60 AG-11268, and P02 AG-12058 from the National Institute on Aging.
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Health Psychology: Why Do Some People Get Sick and Some Stay Well?
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Depressive Symptoms as Relative and Attributable Risk Factors for First-Onset Major Depression
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Mortality and Quality of Life 12 Months After Myocardial Infarction: Effects of Depression and Anxiety
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Discrimination and Health
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Is Worrying Bad for Your Heart?
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Income and health: what is the nature of the relationship?
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Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease
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Personality Development: Stability and Change
Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913 · Cited by 2,699 · see citing works
The Power of Personality: The Comparative Validity of Personality Traits, Socioeconomic Status, and Cognitive Ability for Predicting Important Life Outcomes
Roberts, B. W., Kuncel, N. R., Shiner, R., Caspi, A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00047.x · Cited by 2,361 · see citing works
Having less, giving more: The influence of social class on prosocial behavior.
Piff, P. K., Kraus, M. W., Côté, S., Cheng, B. H., & Keltner, D. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020092 · Cited by 1,478 · see citing works
Coping Resources, Coping Processes, and Mental Health
Taylor, S. E., & Stanton, A. L. (2007) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091520 · Cited by 1,462 · see citing works
Social class, solipsism, and contextualism: How the rich are different from the poor.
Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., Mendoza-Denton, R., Rheinschmidt, M. L., & Keltner, D. (2012) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0028756 · Cited by 1,397 · see citing works
The experience of emotion
Barrett, L. F., Mesquita, B., Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085709 · Cited by 1,425 · see citing works
The New Field of Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Studying Entrepreneurial Action Linking “What is to be Sustained” with “What is to be Developed”
Shepherd, D. A., & Patzelt, H. (2011) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00426.x · Cited by 1,366 · see citing works
U.S. Disparities in Health: Descriptions, Causes, and Mechanisms
Adler, N. E., & Rehkopf, D. H. (2008) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090852 · Cited by 1,212 · see citing works
Social class, sense of control, and social explanation.
Kraus, M. W., Piff, P. K., & Keltner, D. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016357 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
Burnout and risk of cardiovascular disease: Evidence, possible causal paths, and promising research directions.
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Authors: Gallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. A.
Affiliations: San Diego State University (US)
University of Pittsburgh (US)
ORCID: Gallo, Linda C.
Matthews, Karen A.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2003
Volume: 129
Issue: 1
Pages: 10-51
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10
OpenAlex: W1982733207
Cited by: 1,366
References: 459
Citations by year: 2026: 29 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 80 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 79
FWCI: 33.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL65111, HL 25767, HL65112, R01HL025767, P50HL065112, #HL07560, P50HL065111)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
Keywords: socioeconomic status, physical health, negative emotions, cognitive factors, cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, stress, stress buffering, health disparities
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, Emotions, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Negativism, Social Class

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Understanding the association between socioeconomic status and physical health: do negative emotions play a role?

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