The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Economic development as self-discovery
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This suggests that in economies where firms face substantial entry barriers, the underinvestment problem noted by Hausmann and Rodrik (2003) is not likely to be serious.”
From Is There a Case for Industrial Policy? A Critical Survey (2006) · cites this paper as Hausmann and Rodrik (2003)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The second market failure identified by Hausmann and Rodrik (2003) is that the market equilibrium yields too little specialization-all activities that turn out to be profitable are sustained whereas optimality requires that only the one activity with the highest return be pursued.”
From Is There a Case for Industrial Policy? A Critical Survey (2006) · cites this paper as Hausmann and Rodrik (2003)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis
Nelson, R. R. (1993) · Cited by 4,853
Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization
Diebold, W., & Amsden, A. H. (1990) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20044328 · Cited by 3,902
Embedded autonomy: states and industrial transformation
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-1763 · Cited by 3,617
(1993) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195076165.001.0001 · Cited by 3,069
Asia's next giant: South Korea and late industrialization
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-3378 · Cited by 2,110
Cooper, R., & Nelson, R. R. (1993) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20045836 · Cited by 1,257
Wade, R. (2018) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv346sp7 · Cited by 697
Managing technological development: Lessons from the newly industrializing countries
Dahlman, C. J., Ross-Larson, B., & Westphal, L. E. (1987) · World Development · doi:10.1016/0305-750x(87)90058-1 · Cited by 543
Appropriate Technology and Growth
Basu, S., & Weil, D. N. (1998) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355398555829 · Cited by 496
Appropriate Technology and Growth
Basu, S., & Weil, D. N. (1996) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w5865 · Cited by 410
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Yonekawa, 1982, The growth of cotton spinning firms: a comparative study, vol. 8, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hausmann, R., Hwang, J., & Rodrik, D. (2006) · Journal of Economic Growth · doi:10.1007/s10887-006-9009-4 · Cited by 2,576
Self-citationThe Real Exchange Rate and Economic Growth
Rodrik, D. (2008) · Brookings Papers on Economic Activity · doi:10.1353/eca.0.0020 · Cited by 1,855
Self-citationTropics, germs, and crops: How endowments influence economic development
Easterly, W., & Levine, R. (2003) · Journal of Monetary Economics · doi:10.1016/s0304-3932(02)00200-3 · Cited by 1,727
Hausmann, R., Hwang, J., & Rodrik, D. (2005) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w11905 · Cited by 1,450
Self-citationSocial Networks and Technology Adoption in Northern Mozambique
Bandiera, O., & Imran Rasul, A. (2006) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01115.x · Cited by 1,366
World Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030
Bruinsma, J. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315083858 · Cited by 1,107
Rodrik, D. (2008) · Panoeconomicus · doi:10.2298/pan0802135r · Cited by 930
Self-citationClusters, Convergence, and Economic Performance
Delgado, M., Porter, M. E., & Stern, S. (2012) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.05.007 · Cited by 859
Perspectives on multinational enterprises in emerging economies
Meyer, K. E. (2004) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400084 · Cited by 846
Linking Economic Complexity, Institutions, and Income Inequality
Hartmann, D., Guevara, M., Jara-Figueroa, C. I., Aristarán, M., & Hidalgo, C. A. (2017) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.020 · Cited by 818
New Structural Economics: A Framework for Rethinking Development
Lin, J. Y. (2011) · The World Bank Research Observer · doi:10.1093/wbro/lkr007 · Cited by 782
Export Diversification: What's behind the Hump?
Cadot, O., Carrère, C., & Strauss‐Kahn, V. (2010) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00078 · Cited by 772
Rodrik, D. (2006) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.44.4.973 · Cited by 822
Self-citationUrbano, D., Aparicio, S., & Audretsch, D. B. (2018) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-018-0038-0 · Cited by 841
Underinvestment in a Profitable Technology: The Case of Seasonal Migration in Bangladesh
Bryan, G., Chowdhury, S., & Mobarak, A. M. (2014) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta10489 · Cited by 714
What's So Special about China's Exports?
Rodrik, D. (2006) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w11947 · Cited by 700
Self-citationRodrik, D. (2008) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.98.2.100 · Cited by 692
Self-citationThe Political Economy of the World Trading System
Hoekman, B. M., & Kostecki, M. M. (2009) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199553761.001.0001 · Cited by 640
Industrial Policy and Competition
Aghion, P., Cai, J., Dewatripont, M., Du, L., Harrison, A., & Legros, P. (2015) · American Economic Journal Macroeconomics · doi:10.1257/mac.20120103 · Cited by 625
Trade, Foreign Investment, and Industrial Policy for Developing Countries*
Harrison, A., & Rodríguez-Clare, A. (2010) · Handbook of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52944-2.00001-x · Cited by 595
What's So Special about China's Exports?
Rodrik, D. (2006) · China & World Economy · doi:10.1111/j.1749-124x.2006.00038.x · Cited by 1,056
Self-citationWhat You Export MattersPreprint
Hausmann, R., Hwang, J., & Rodrik, D. (2006) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.896243 · Cited by 580
Self-citationIs There a Case for Industrial Policy? A Critical Survey
Pack, H. (2006) · The World Bank Research Observer · doi:10.1093/wbro/lkl001 · Cited by 589
Morrison, A., Pietrobelli, C., & Rabellotti, R. (2008) · Oxford Development Studies · doi:10.1080/13600810701848144 · Cited by 577
Import Competition and Quality Upgrading
Amiti, M., & Khandelwal, A. K. (2012) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00271 · Cited by 542
Doğan, B., Driha, O. M., Balsalobre‐Lorente, D., & Shahzad, U. (2020) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.2125 · Cited by 552
New Varieties of State Capitalism: Strategic and Governance Implications
Musacchio, A., Lazzarini, S. G., & Aguilera, R. V. (2014) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2013.0094 · Cited by 535
Rodrik, D. (2008) · doi:10.1596/28009 · Cited by 471
Self-citationLin, J. Y. (2012) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-8955-3 · Cited by 462
Export sophistication and economic growth: Evidence from China
Jarreau, J., & Poncet, S. (2011) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.04.001 · Cited by 413
The Structure of the Product Space and the Evolution of Comparative Advantage
Hausmann, R., & Klinger, B. (2007) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) · Cited by 406
Self-citationAgents of Structural Change: The Role of Firms and Entrepreneurs in Regional Diversification
Neffke, F. M. H., Hartog, M., Boschma, R. A., & Henning, M. (2017) · Economic Geography · doi:10.1080/00130095.2017.1391691 · Cited by 397
From "Hindu Growth" to Productivity Surge: The Mystery of the Indian Growth Transition
Rodrik, D., & Subramanian, A. (2004) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w10376 · Cited by 384
Self-citationThe role of extensive and intensive margins and export growth
Besedeš, T., & Prusa, T. J. (2010) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.08.013 · Cited by 364
Hausmann, R., Rodrik, D., & Velasco, A. (2008) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199534081.003.0015 · Cited by 363
Self-citationInnovation and regional economic resilience: an exploratory analysis
Bristow, G., & Healy, A. (2017) · The Annals of Regional Science · doi:10.1007/s00168-017-0841-6 · Cited by 360
Facundo Albornoz, A., Calvo-Pardo, H., Corcos, G., & Ornelas, E. (2012) · Journal of International Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.02.007 · Cited by 360
Industrial Policy: Don’t Ask Why, Ask How
Rodrik, D. (2009) · Middle East Development Journal · doi:10.1142/s1793812009000024 · Cited by 349
Self-citationExport Diversification and Economic Growth
Hesse, H. (2008) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/28040 · Cited by 346
The anatomy of China's export growth
Amiti, M., & Freund, C. L. (2008) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-4628 · Cited by 342
Determinants of Export Diversification Around the World: 1962–2000
Agosín, M. R., Álvarez, R., & Bravo‐Ortega, C. (2011) · World Economy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.2011.01395.x · Cited by 339
Openness and Growth: What's the Empirical Relationship?
Baldwin, R. (2003) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w9578 · Cited by 337
The New Economics of Industrial Policy
Juhász, R., Lane, N., & Rodrik, D. (2024) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-081023-024638 · Cited by 391
Self-citationAndreoni, A., & Chang, H. (2018) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2018.10.007 · Cited by 318
On the economics of renewable energy sources
Edenhofer, O., Hirth, L., Knopf, B., Pahle, M., Schlömer, S., Schmid, E., & Ueckerdt, F. (2013) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2013.09.015 · Cited by 308
Challenge-Driven Innovation Policy: Towards a New Policy Toolkit
Mazzucato, M., Kattel, R., & Ryan‐Collins, J. (2019) · Journal of Industry Competition and Trade · doi:10.1007/s10842-019-00329-w · Cited by 322
Foreign Direct Investment and Export Upgrading
Harding, T., & Javorcik, B. S. (2011) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00226 · Cited by 292
Warwick, K. (2013) · OECD science, technology and industry policy papers · doi:10.1787/5k4869clw0xp-en · Cited by 307
Multi‐Product Exporters: Product Churning, Uncertainty and Export Discoveries
Iacovone, L., & Javorcik, B. S. (2010) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02356.x · Cited by 284
Entrepreneurship is Not a Binding Constraint on Growth and Development in the Poorest Countries
Naudé, W. A. (2010) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.05.005 · Cited by 282
Export promotion agencies: Do they work?
Lederman, D., Olarreaga, M., & Payton, L. (2009) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.09.003 · Cited by 280
Transfer of technology to developing countries: Unilateral and multilateral policy options
Hoekman, B. M., Maskus, K. E., & Kamal Saggi, D. (2005) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.05.005 · Cited by 279
Entry and Productivity Growth: Evidence from Microlevel Panel Data
Aghion, P., Blundell, R. W., Griffith, R., Howitt, P. W., & Prantl, S. (2004) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1162/154247604323067970 · Cited by 274
Strategizing by the government: Can industrial policy create firm‐level competitive advantage?
Lazzarini, S. G. (2013) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2204 · Cited by 285
Discovery and Development: An Empirical Exploration of “New” Products
Klinger, B., & Lederman, D. (2004) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-3450 · Cited by 268
Modern regional innovation policy
McCann, P., & Ortega‐Argilés, R. (2013) · Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy and Society · doi:10.1093/cjres/rst007 · Cited by 269
Understanding South Africa's economic puzzles*
Rodrik, D. (2008) · Economics of Transition · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0351.2008.00343.x · Cited by 328
Self-citationDOOMED TO CHOOSE: INDUSTRIAL POLICY AS PREDICAMENT
Hausmann, R., & Rodrik, D. (2006) · Cited by 255
Self-citationEntrepreneurship in Economic DevelopmentPreprint
Naudé, W. A. (2008) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 251
Public‐Private Collaboration, Hybridity and Social Value: Towards New Theoretical Perspectives
Quélin, B. V., Kivleniece, I., & Lazzarini, S. G. (2017) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12274 · Cited by 267
State and Development: The Need for a Reappraisal of the Current Literature
Bardhan, P. (2016) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.20151239 · Cited by 239
Patterns Of Export Diversification In Developing Countries : Intensive And Extensive Margins
Pacheco, A. A., & Pierola, M. D. (2008) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-4473 · Cited by 228
Rethinking Trade Preferences: How Africa Can Diversify its Exports
Collier, P., & Venables, A. J. (2007) · World Economy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.01042.x · Cited by 225
Functional specialisation in trade
Timmer, M. P., Miroudot, S., & de Vries, G. J. (2018) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lby056 · Cited by 225
Entrepreneurship, Education and the Fourth Industrial Revolution in AfricaPreprint
Naudé, W. A. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2998964 · Cited by 225
The Emergence of China: Opportunities and Challenges for Latin America and the Caribbean
Rodrı́guez-Clare, A., Devlin, R. T., & Estevadeordal, A. (2006) · Inter-American Development Bank eBooks · doi:10.18235/0012530 · Cited by 220
Growth Identification And Facilitation : The Role Of The State In The Dynamics Of Structural Change
Monga, C., & Lin, J. Y. (2010) · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-5313 · Cited by 218
Building Value at the Top and the Bottom of the Global Supply Chain: MNC-NGO Partnerships
Perez-Aleman, P., & Sandilands, M. (2008) · California Management Review · doi:10.2307/41166467 · Cited by 216
Local Content Policies in the Oil and Gas Sector
Warner, M., Tordo, S., M., O. E. M., & Anouti, Y. (2013) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-9931-6 · Cited by 215
Carayannis, E. G., & Grigoroudis, E. (2016) · Foresight-Russia · doi:10.17323/1995-459x.2016.1.31.42 · Cited by 256
TRADE DIVERSIFICATION, INCOME, AND GROWTH: WHAT DO WE KNOW?
Cadot, O., Carrère, C., & Strauss‐Kahn, V. (2012) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6419.2011.00719.x · Cited by 212
Abad‐Segura, E., & González-Zamar, M.-D. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126133 · Cited by 244
The internationalization process of firms: From exports to FDI
Conconi, P., Sapir, A., & Zanardi, M. (2015) · Journal of International Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.12.004 · Cited by 203
From smart specialisation to smart specialisation policy
Foray, D. (2014) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-09-2014-0096 · Cited by 204
Who will win the green race? In search of environmental competitiveness and innovation
Fankhauser, S., Bowen, A., Calel, R., Dechezleprêtre, A., Grover, D., Rydge, J., & Sato, M. (2013) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.007 · Cited by 204
LiPuma, J. A., Newbert, S. L., & Doh, J. P. (2011) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-011-9395-7 · Cited by 213
The real exchange rate and economic development
Razmi, A., Rapetti, M., & Skøtt, P. (2012) · Structural Change and Economic Dynamics · doi:10.1016/j.strueco.2012.01.002 · Cited by 199
Distance to Frontier, Selection, and Economic Growth
Acemoğlu, D., Aghion, P., & Zilibotti, F. (2002) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w9066 · Cited by 204
Pipkin, S., & Fuentes, A. (2017) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.05.009 · Cited by 193
Liquidity, Risk, and Occupational Choices
Milo Bianchi, Y., & Bobba, M. (2012) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1093/restud/rds031 · Cited by 192
New Structural Economics: A Framework for Rethinking Development
Lin, J. Y. (2012) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/9780821389553_ch01 · Cited by 188
Efforts to Implement Smart Specialization in Practice—Leading Unlike Horses to the Water
Kroll, H. (2015) · European Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/09654313.2014.1003036 · Cited by 185
4. Industrial Policy for the Twenty-first Century
Rodrik, D. (2007) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400829354-006 · Cited by 224
Self-citationBusiness Environment and Comparative Advantage in Africa: Evidence from the Investment Climate DataPreprint
Eifert, B., Gelb, A. H., & Ramachandran, V. (2008) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1112857 · Cited by 183
The New Economics of Industrial Policy
Juhász, R., Lane, N., & Rodrik, D. (2023) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w31538 · Cited by 180
Self-citationRodrik, D. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/s1574-0684(05)01014-2 · Cited by 174
Self-citationConstructing Regional Advantage and Smart Specialisation: Comparison of Two European Policy Concepts
Boschma, R. A. (2014) · SCIENZE REGIONALI · doi:10.3280/scre2014-001004 · Cited by 174
Can Entrepreneurial Activity be Taught? Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Central America
Klinger, B., & Schündeln, M. (2011) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.04.021 · Cited by 171
Bakhsh, S., Zhang, W. D., Ali, K., & Oláh, J. (2024) · Energy Strategy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.esr.2024.101330 · Cited by 168
McCann, P., & Ortega‐Argilés, R. (2016) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-016-9707-z · Cited by 192
New and Improved: Does FDI Boost Production Complexity in Host Countries?
Javorcik, B. S., Turco, A. L., & Maggioni, D. (2017) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/ecoj.12530 · Cited by 167
Success and failure of African exporters
Cadot, O., Iacovone, L., Pierola, M. D., & Rauch, F. (2013) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.12.004 · Cited by 164
Testing and explaining economic resilience with an application to Italian regions
Di, P. (2017) · Papers of the Regional Science Association · doi:10.1111/pirs.12168 · Cited by 164
Economic complexity, human capital and income inequality: a cross-country analysis
Lee, K., & Vu, T. V. (2019) · Japanese Economic Review · doi:10.1007/s42973-019-00026-7 · Cited by 174
Martincus, C. V., & Carballo, J. (2009) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.02.007 · Cited by 161
Sustainability-oriented innovation systems – managing the green transformation
Altenburg, T., & Pegels, A. (2012) · Innovation and Development · doi:10.1080/2157930x.2012.664037 · Cited by 169
The Politics of Financial Development: Evidence from Trade Liberalization
Braun, M., & Raddatz, C. E. (2008) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01363.x · Cited by 157
Types of Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth
Stam, E., & van Stel, A. J. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199596515.003.0004 · Cited by 155
Sun, Y., Bao, Q., Wei, S.-Y., Islam, M. U., & Razzaq, A. (2021) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.12.003 · Cited by 158
The Long and Short (of) Quality Ladders
Khandelwal, A. K. (2009) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w15178 · Cited by 168
Metadata
- Authors
- Hausmann, R., & Rodrik, D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rodrik, Dani
- Venue
- Journal of Development Economics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 603-633
- ISSN
- 0304-3878 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2120106358
- Cited by
- 1,840
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 74 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 89 · 2020: 112 · 2019: 96 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 102 · 2016: 113 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 97 · 2012: 94
- FWCI
- 73.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Development Economics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Growth and Productivity
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Global trade and economics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Technological Innovation
- Keywords
- economic development, self-discovery, imitation, production costs, entrepreneurship, production diversification, production rationalization, optimal policy, small open economy, general equilibrium
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review