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Cited by 651Pediatric Pain Management TechniquesVirtual Reality Applications and ImpactsBurn Injury Management and Outcomes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Virtual reality as an adjunctive pain control during burn wound care in adolescent patients

Hoffman, Hunter G., Doctor, Jason N., Patterson, David R., Carrougher, Gretchen J., Furness, Thomas A.·2000·Pain
DOI 10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00275-4
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Abstract

For daily burn wound care procedures, opioid analgesics alone are often inadequate. Since most burn patients experience severe to excruciating pain during wound care, analgesics that can be used in addition to opioids are needed. This case report provides the first evidence that entering an immersive virtual environment can serve as a powerful adjunctive, nonpharmacologic analgesic. Two patients received virtual reality (VR) to distract them from high levels of pain during wound care. The first was a 16-year-old male with a deep flash burn on his right leg requiring surgery and staple placement. On two occasions, the patient spent some of his wound care in VR, and some playing a video game. On a 100 mm scale, he provided sensory and affective pain ratings, anxiety and subjective estimates of time spent thinking about his pain during the procedure. For the first session of wound care, these scores decreased 80 mm, 80 mm, 58 mm, and 93 mm, respectively, during VR treatment compared with the video game control condition. For the second session involving staple removal, scores also decreased. The second patient was a 17-year-old male with 33.5% total body surface area deep flash burns on his face, neck, back, arms, hands and legs. He had difficulty tolerating wound care pain with traditional opioids alone and showed dramatic drops in pain ratings during VR compared to the video game (e.g. a 47 mm drop in pain intensity during wound care). We contend that VR is a uniquely attention-capturing medium capable of maximizing the amount of attention drawn away from the 'real world', allowing patients to tolerate painful procedures. These preliminary results suggest that immersive VR merits more attention as a potentially viable form of treatment for acute pain.

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Cooper, 1990, Altered pharmacology in thermal injury., Crit Care Rep, 2, 78
  2. Everett, 1990, Cognitive and behavioural treatments for burn pain., Pain Clinic, 3, 1133
  3. Kennedy, 1992, Presence: teleoperators and virtual, environments, 1, 295
  4. Perry, 1981, Assessment of pain by burn patients., J Burn Care Rehabil, 2, 322, 10.1097/00004630-198111000-00004 · DOI

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Metadata

Authors
Hoffman, H. G., Doctor, J. N., Patterson, D. R., Carrougher, G. J., & Furness, T. A.
Affiliations
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author
Patterson, David R.
ORCID
Venue
Pain
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2000-03-01
Volume
85
Issue
1
Pages
305-309
ISSN
0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00275-4
OpenAlex
W2034120147
Cited by
651
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 30 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 20
FWCI
14.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Pain (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM42725-07, R01GM042725)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Burn Injury Management and Outcomes
Keywords
virtual reality, burn wound care, procedural pain, distraction therapy, non-pharmacological analgesia, adolescents, opioid analgesics, pain intensity, anxiety, video games, staple removal, acute pain management
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Burns, Computer Graphics, Humans, Male, Pain, Pain Measurement, User-Computer Interface, Pain Management

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