Neurogenic vasodilatation and plasma leakage in the skin
Abstract
1. Primary afferent nerve fibers control cutaneous blood flow and vascular permeability by releasing vasoactive peptides. These vascular reactions and the additional recruitment of leukocytes are commonly embodied in the term neurogenic inflammation. 2. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) acting via CGRP1 receptors is the principal transmitter of neurogenic dilatation of arterioles whereas substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) acting via NK1 receptors mediate the increase in venular permeability. 3. Neurogenic vasodilatation and plasma protein leakage play a role in inflammation because many inflammatory and immune mediators including interleukin-1 beta, nitric oxide, prostanoids, protons, bradykinin, histamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine can stimulate peptidergic afferent nerve fibers or enhance their excitability. 4. Neurogenic inflammatory reactions can be suppressed by alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists, histamine acting via H1 receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine acting via 5-HT1B receptors, opioid peptides, and somatostatin through prejunctional inhibition of peptide release from vasoactive afferent nerve fibers. CGRP, SP, and NKA receptor antagonists are powerful pharmacological tools to inhibit neurogenic inflammation at the postjunctional level. 5. Imbalance between the facilitatory and inhibitory influences on afferent nerve activity has a bearing on chronic inflammatory disease. Impaired nerve function represents a deficit in skin homeostasis while neuronal overactivity is a factor in allergic and hyperreactive disorders of the skin.
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Efferent actions of C-fibers increase local vascular permeability and inflammation, a process called neurogenic inflammation.
“Efferent actions also increase local vascular permeability and inflammation, a process called 'neurogenic inflammation' (Holzer, 1998, Szolcsanyi, 2004).”
From Chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis: translational evidence of the relationship and implications (2011) · cites this paper as Holzer, 1998
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- Authors
- Holzer, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Graz (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Holzer, Peter
- ORCID
- Holzer, Peter
- Venue
- General Pharmacology: The Vascular System
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-11
- ISSN
- 0306-3623 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087985521
- Cited by
- 454
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- General Pharmacology The Vascular System (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Keywords
- neurogenic vasodilatation, plasma leakage, neurogenic inflammation, skin blood flow, vascular permeability, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, neurokinin A, CGRP1 receptor, neurokinin-1 receptor, vasoactive peptides, leukocyte recruitment, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, opioid peptides, somatostatin, CGRP receptor antagonists, skin homeostasis, chronic inflammatory diseases
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Capillary Permeability, Humans, Neurons, Afferent, Neuropeptides, Skin, Substance P, Vasodilation, Neurokinin A, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
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