Cited by 504Neural dynamics and brain functionVisual perception and processing mechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

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Viewpoint: the core and matrix of thalamic organization

Jones, E.G·1998·Neuroscience

DOI 10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00581-2

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Abstract

The integration of the whole cerebral cortex and thalamus during forebrain activities that underlie different states of consciousness, requires pathways for the dispersion of thalamic activity across many cortical areas. Past theories have relied on the intralaminar nuclei as the sources of diffuse thalamocortical projections that could facilitate spread of activity across the cortex. A case is made for the presence of a matrix of superficially-projecting cells, not confined to the intralaminar nuclei but extending throughout the whole thalamus. These cells are distinguished by immunoreactivity for the calcium-binding protein, D28K calbindin, are found in all thalamic nuclei of primates and have increased numbers in some nuclei. They project to superficial layers of the cerebral cortex over relatively wide areas, unconstrained by architectonic boundaries. They generally receive subcortical inputs that lack the topographic order and physiological precision of the principal sensory pathways. Superimposed upon the matrix in certain nuclei only, is a core of cells distinguished by immunoreactivity for another calcium-binding protein, parvalbumin, These project in highly ordered fashion to middle layers of the cortex in an area-specific manner. They are innervated by subcortical inputs that are topographically precise and have readily identifiable physiological properties. The parvalbumin cells form the basis for sensory and other inputs that are to be used as a basis for perception. The calbindin cells, especially when recruited by corticothalamic connections, can form a basis for the engagement of multiple cortical areas and thalamic nuclei that is essential for the binding of multiple aspects of sensory experience into a single framework of consciousness.

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Background
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Background
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Background
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“This contrast recalls the distinction of thalamocortical matrix or core terminations (respectively, layer 1 vs. layer 4 targeting; Jones, 1998), although pulvinocortical arborizations are often multil-aminar(Rocklandetal.,1999).”
Background
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“ded to demonstrate where in the overarching distribution of synaptic strengths (A-C) are sampled from. F) The motif key. receive significant amounts of input from thalamus \core" or C-type cells [70] and send a great deal of outputs to layers II/III [9,15{17]. This thalamus →Layer IV →Layers II/III pathway has be…”
Background
Global State Changes Induce Non-reciprocal Reduction of Mutual Information in the Thalamocortical NetworkPreprint
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Consciousness
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“Both circuits involve “driver” and “modulator” inputs [75], as well as core and matrix neuron outputs [71].”
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“A variety of CBPs have been shown to be present in particular subpopulations of neurons in multiple functional systems of the vertebrate nervous system (Celio, 1990; Baimbridge et al., 1992; Jones, 1998; Alpar et al., 2012; Gati et al., 2014).”
Background
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“Despite this, the core and matrix thalamocortical projections as outlined by Jones (1998) are likely to be the patterns most commonly observed across mammals.”
Influential
Differently increased volumes of multiple brain areas in Npc1 mutant mice following various drug treatments
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“Resolution: 30 μ m per pixel. cortical pyramidal neurons projecting locally or to disseminated other cortical areas, thalamus, caudate putamen, brainstem, and spinal cord (White and Keller, 1989), as well as thalamocortical and corticothalamic projections (Caviness and Frost, 1980; Jones, 1998).”
Background
Sources of parvalbumine innervation of the thalamic center of the tectofugal visual pathway in turtles
Kenigfest, N. B., Tostivint, H., Quan, F. B., Belekhova, M. G., & Vesselkin, N. P. (2013) · Doklady Biological Sciences · doi:10.1134/s0012496613060045 · Cited by 2
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“From the proposed wider distribution of matrix axons, Jones 16 argued that while the core provides topographically precise sensory messages, axons forming the matrix might provide a means of binding messages together.”
Influential
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Distribution of calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin in the thalamic auditory center in pigeons
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“Inter-species variability in the level of PV- and CBir neurons in the central, lemniscal, regions occurs in the homological thalamic auditory centers in mammals (MGB) [1, 5, 6] and reptiles (nucleus”
Influential
The Molecular Biology of Consciousness††“Review. The Ferrier Lecture 1998: The molecular biology of consciousness investigated with genetically modified mice” by Jean-Pierre Changeux appeared in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361:2239 – 2259 (2006). Reprinted with kind permission of The Royal Society.
Changeux, J. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044452977-0/50007-3 · Cited by 2

Authors: Jones, E. G.
Affiliations: University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author: Jones, E.G
ORCID: Jones, E.G
Venue: Neuroscience
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1998-04
Volume: 85
Issue: 2
Pages: 331-345
ISSN: 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00581-2
OpenAlex: W2054508155
Cited by: 504
References: 73
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 1.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01ns022317-08)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-22317, NS21377, R01NS021377)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: thalamus, thalamocortical connections, intralaminar nuclei, calbindin, parvalbumin, calcium-binding proteins, cortical layers, corticothalamic connections, consciousness, primates
MeSH terms: Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Thalamus

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