Mobile elements inserted in the distant past have taken on important functions
Abstract
Current evidence on the long-term evolutionary effect of insertion of sequence elements is reviewed. There are three criteria for inclusion of an example: (i) the element was inserted far in the past and thus the event is not a transient mutation; (ii) the element is a member of a large group of similar sequences; (iii) the element now serves a useful function. There are 21 examples from Drosophila, sea urchin, human and mouse genomes that meet these criteria. Taken together, these examples show that the insertion of sequence elements in the genome has been a significant source of regulatory variation in evolution.
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Some conserved ancestral repeats have apparently taken on critical functions that may help differentiate mammals from ancestral vertebrates.
“some have apparently taken on critical functions that may help to differentiate mammals from ancestral vertebrates (Britten 1997;Jordan et al. 2003;van de Lagemaat et al. 2003).”
From Evolutionarily conserved elements in vertebrate, insect, worm, and yeast genomes (2005) · cites this paper as Britten 1997
Transposable elements contain functional subunits that can be exapted and modified by the host genome, and they can mediate duplication of existing CNEs to distant genomic locations.
“Transposable elements contain a variety of functional subunits that can be exapted and modified by the host genome 89,91 , and they can mediate duplication of existing CNEs to distant genomic locations through transduction or chimaerism 92 .”
From Genome of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica reveals innovation in non-coding sequences (2007) · cites this paper as [89]
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- Authors
- Britten, R. J.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Britten, Roy J.
- Venue
- Gene
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 205
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 177-182
- ISSN
- 0378-1119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1989728485
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 21.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genome Rearrangement Algorithms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- Keywords
- transposable elements, genome evolution, regulatory variation, Drosophila, sea urchins, human genome, mouse genome
- MeSH terms
- Animals, DNA Transposable Elements, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Retroviridae, Transcription, Genetic, Retroelements, Evolution, Molecular
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