Detection of malingering in assessment of adult ADHD

“The possibility of malingering has been raised (48,49), but this canbediscarded, asDunedinStudymembers lack any motive to fabricate their reports to us.”

“As was the case with those patients making a suspect effort in the current study, Quinn (2003) found that students instructed to feign ADHD on the Barkley ADHD Behavior ChecklistCurrent Scale could not be distinguished from students diagnosed with ADHD.”

“The Barkley Current Symptom Scale has been reported to have 75% sensitivity and 61% specificity on the Inattention scale and 69% sensitivity and 39% specificity for the Hyperactivity/Impulsivity scale [46].”

“Recent studies demonstrate that it is very easy to fake symptoms of ADHD, especially when filling out self–report checklists (e.g., Jachimowicz & Geiselman, 2004; Quinn, 2003).”

“The presentation of available studies in this review (Leark et al. 2002; Quinn 2003; Jachimowicz and Geiselman 2004; Harrison et al. 2007; Sullivan et al. 2007; Fisher and Watkins 2008; Frazier et al. 2008; Suhr et al. 2008; Tucha et al. 2009 Musso and Gouvier (2014) who differentiated between…”

“…successfully simulate ADHD on two other continuous performance tests of sustained attention—the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA CPT) (Quinn, 2003) and the Conners Continuous Performance Test-II (CPT-II; Booksh et al., 2010; Sollman et al., 2010; Suhr et al., 2011).”

“Research on malingered ADHD has most often employed a simulation study design, in which a group of participants is instructed and incentivized to feign symptoms of ADHD while completing a battery of psychological tests (Booksh 2005; Fisher 2007; Harrison et al. 2007; Jachimowitz and Geiselman 2004; Leark et al. 2002;…”

“…(self-report) has been found to have adequate sensitivity (75% and 69% for inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive domains, respectively) and specificity (61% and 39% for inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive domains, respectively) when distinguishing between ADHD and nonADHD diagnoses [Quinn, 2005].”

“First, checklist and retrospective data are easily exaggerated, and malingering on such forms is impossible to identify, because checklists typically lack validity scales (Quinn, 2003).”

“Diagnosis of ADHD in adults is challenging at the best of times (Braun et al., 2004; Quinn, 2003; Van Voorhees, Hardy, & Kollins, 2011), because it is often difficult to establish that the adult met the diagnostic criteria for ADHD in childhood, as set out in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual…”

“Therefore it has been recommended that interviews and self-report symptom measures should not be the only means of evaluation in ADHD assessment (Fisher & Watkins, 2008; Quinn, 2003).”

“We performed a thorough assessment of ADHD with multiple strategies, such as a structured clinical interview, self-report and observer rating scales, and neuropsychological tasks, including a CPT (Quinn, 2003).”

“So far, only a limited number of studies (Quinn 2003; Harrison et al. 2007; Suhr et al. 2008) have”

“Individuals asked to malinger ADHD often report ADHD symptoms at a similar or higher level than individuals who have actually been diagnosed with ADHD (Booksh, Pella, Singh, & Gouvier, 2010; Harp, Jasinski, Shandera-Ochsner, Mason, & Berry, 2011; Harrison, Edwards, & Parker, 2007; Jachimowicz & Geiselman, 2004; Jasins…”

“Furthermore, many studies have demonstrated the ease with which the symptoms of ADHD may be fabricated (Harrison et al., 2007; Jachimowicz & Geiselman, 2004; Quinn, 2003; Sollman, Ranseen, & Berry, 2010; Suhr, Hammers, DobbinsBuckland, Zimak, & Hughes, 2008; Young & Gross, 2011).”

“2010; Quinn 2003).”

“In one of the earliest studies on this topic, Quinn (2003) found that simulated malingerers and a genuine ADHD group could not be differentiated by the ADHD Behavior Checklist (Murphy & Barkley, 1996).”

“In addition, self-report ADHD measures have been shown to be vulnerable to malingering (Booksh, Pella, Singh, & Gouvier, 2009; Conti, 2004; Jachimowicz & Geiselman, 2004; Quinn, 2003; Suhr, Hammers, Dobbins-Buckland, Zimak, & Hughes, 2008; Sullivan et al., 2007).”

“The test is easy to administer and has associated sensitivity and specificity of up to 92% and 90%, respectively [20].”

“…relevant yet believable range on self-report instruments (Fuermaier et al., 2016a, b; Fuermaier et al., 2017a, b; Harrison & Armstrong, 2016; Harrison et al., 2007; Jachimowicz & Geiselman, 2004; Booksh et al., 2010; Marshall et al., 2016; Quinn, 2003; Smith et al., 2017; Walls et al., 2017).”

“With respect to the empirical data reported, the BCSS was found to distinguish between those with AD/HD and those without AD/HD with 75% sensitivity and 61% specificity using the Inattention scale and 69% sensitivity and 39% specificity using the Hyperactive/Impulsive scale (Quinn, 2003).”

“Previous studies have shown the measure to have excellent internal consistency and convergent validity (Sandford et al. 1995; Quinn 2003).”

“Deze strategieën waren onder andere het opzettelijk overslaan van items, het opzettelijk maken van commissiefouten, het negeren van stimuli, of het vertragen van de reactiesnelheid.(20,30)”

“However, research indicates that symptoms of ADHD are easily feigned by college students on retrospective and current self-report measures, including the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale–IV and ADHD Behavior Checklist [14-17].”

“34 METHOD Participants Related literature (Downey, Stelson, Pomerleau, & Giordani, 1997; Inman & Berry, 2000; Leark, Dixon, Hoffman, & Huynh, 2002; Martin, Hayes, & Gouvier, 1996; Quinn, 2003; Weyandt, Rice, Linterman, Mitzlaff & Emert, 1998) was reviewed and effect sizes were estimated using partial eta squared, as e…”