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Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: secrets of the trade
Open accessAbstract
Objective To describe and discuss the process used to write a narrative review of the literature for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Publication of narrative overviews of the literature should be standardized to increase their objectivity.Background In the past decade numerous changes in research methodology pertaining to reviews of the literature have occurred. These changes necessitate authors of review articles to be familiar with current standards in the publication process.Methods Narrative overview of the literature synthesizing the findings of literature retrieved from searches of computerized databases, hand searches, and authoritative texts.Discussion An overview of the use of three types of reviews of the literature is presented. Step by step instructions for how to conduct and write a narrative overview utilizing a 'best-evidence synthesis' approach are discussed, starting with appropriate preparatory work and ending with how to create proper illustrations. Several resources for creating reviews of the literature are presented and a narrative overview critical appraisal worksheet is included. A bibliography of other useful reading is presented in an appendix.Conclusion Narrative overviews can be a valuable contribution to the literature if prepared properly. New and experienced authors wishing to write a narrative overview should find this article useful in constructing such a paper and carrying out the research process. It is hoped that this article will stimulate scholarly dialog amongst colleagues about this research design and other complex literature review methods.
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“This process of organizing the data around these categories of prerequisites was discussed with multiple researchers, to overcome the bias that can develop when only one researcher does the process of analysis”
From Formative assessment: A systematic review of critical teacher prerequisites for classroom practice (2020) · cites this paper as Green, Johnson, & Adams, 2006
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“Although widely adopted, narrative reviews entail several issues. Authors might be biased due to their subjectivity (Green et al., 2006; Stanley & Jarrell, 1989). By choosing which studies to include in the review, how to weight them and how to interpret their results, reviewers can accommodate, even unconsciously, the main findings of a particular scientific field to be com‐pliant with their pri”
From Public sector reforms and their impact on the level of corruption: A systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2006
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“This study employed a structured narrative review to synthesize the existing research on AI adoption and its role in value creation within SMEs in developing economies (Dixon-Woods et al., 2005; Green et al., 2006).”
From Artificial Intelligence Adoption for Sustainable Development in SMEs: Challenges, Strategic Pathways, and Lessons for Developing Economies (2026) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2006
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“Moreover, we described the methodology used in a detailed manner (Green et al., 2006), and used a scoring system to determine the quality of each publication (Sackett et al., 2000).”
From Formative assessment: A systematic review of critical teacher prerequisites for classroom practice (2020) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2006
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“Narrative reviews are a valuable contribution to the literature as they provide comprehensive syntheses of targeted substantive issues based on previously published information, thus presenting a broader perspective on an otherwise elusive topic and describing the development of a problem or its management (Goodier, 1999;Green et al., 2006).”
From Intersectional climate justice: A conceptual pathway for bridging adaptation planning, transformative action, and social equity (2022) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2006
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“Narrative reviews might have limitations when compared with other research designs, attributed to a general lack of systematic, reproducible approaches, which could be vulnerable to bias (Green et al., 2006).”
From Intersectional climate justice: A conceptual pathway for bridging adaptation planning, transformative action, and social equity (2022) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2006
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“The literature search for Al toxicosis as a narrative review (Green et al., 2006) with a broad thematic approach was unproductive and this observation justified the need for the current review.”
From Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects (2019) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2006
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“As a narrative synthesis, this review does not provide pooled effect size estimation and remains subject to potential selection bias despite structured search procedures (21).”
From Mindfulness and clinical hypnotherapy in sexual desire disorders: mechanisms, psychophysiological pathways, and integrative therapeutic sequencing (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
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“The review follows established guidance for narrative syntheses while incorporating structured evidence summarization to enhance transparency (21).”
From Mindfulness and clinical hypnotherapy in sexual desire disorders: mechanisms, psychophysiological pathways, and integrative therapeutic sequencing (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
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“We conducted a narrative review of literature following international guidelines for writing narrative reviews [20, 21].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
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Early Motor Signs in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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“However, a narrative review is methodologically indicated when the purpose of authors is giving a broad perspective about a topic (like the one covered in this paper) which is not so focused that it can be treated in a systematic review [76].”
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“Search strategy We conducted a narrative literature review according to published guidelines.(17) We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and Embase over the time period January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2015 for reports published in English with the terms “Xpert MTB/RIF assay” or “GeneXpert” or”
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“We chose to prepare a narrative review (Green et al., 2006; Pan, 2008) because it is an interpretative-qualitative form of accounting about research (Ferrari, 2015): it allows synthesizing the findings of literature about a given topic and expand our knowledge about it (Grant and Booth, 2009).”
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“Because not all articles written in Japanese were retrievable, I followed a guideline for narrative literature review [18, 19].”
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“Authors might be biased due to their subjectivity (Green et al., 2006; Stanley & Jarrell, 1989).”
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“Critical narrative reviews are often invited from, and written by, acknowledged experts in the field, but this approach can bring its own biases (Green et al., 2006).”
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“Innovation Hubs and Incubators [214,215] Innovation hubs and incubators serve as ecosystems for startups, entrepreneurs, and researchers to develop and scale innovative solutions for smart cities.”
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“This form of review is considered ideal where a broad overview that synthesizes both current empirical evidence and theoretical understanding is required.(18) We searched published peer-reviewed literature using Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO, and for relevant reports using two gray literature databases (OpenGrey and G…”
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“, 2012) without requiring all selected studies to align with the same rigorous design of a systematic empirical evaluation (Green et al., 2006).”
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“The current review uses the standard procedures previously reported by Green et al. [16].”
MethodRethinking Risk, Culture, and Intervention in Collective Sex Environments
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“This paper is a narrative review, which is considered to be best suited to obtaining a broad perspective on an emerging topic (Green et al., 2006).”
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“For instance, readers can participate in this process by writing letters to the editor section of the journal and presenting their opinions and critical appraisal [19].”
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“A narrative literature review approach was taken to synthesise these in a non-numeric but “systematic and creative way” (van Ijzendoorn 1997) by condensing findings from the literature search, summarising the contents of papers, and evaluating the quality of studies and their contribution towards the focus of the lite…”
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“We conducted a narrative review, as a comprehensive qualitative synthesis of previously published information.(16) The”
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“…review is used to present a condensed summary of a broad range of literature on this topic and generates a deeper understanding of the state of current knowledge resulting in a critical perspective that creates an agenda for further research (Green, Johnson, and Adams 2006; Snyder 2019).”
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“Given the complexity of the topic and the need to draw from diverse literature sources and disciplines, we adopted a narrative review and synthesis method (Grant and Booth 2009; Green et al. 2006).”
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“As emphasized by Green, Johnson, and Adams (2006), it is important for authors of narrative review articles to clearly indicate the databases and keywords used in searching for articles.”
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“17 We chose a narrative review because the flexibility allows for broader coverage of a wide range of issues within a given topic.”
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“In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of the current state of HPV vaccination interventions in rural U.S. communities by employing a narrative review methodology (Green et al., 2006; Gregory and Denniss, 2018).”
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Everyday Family Life: Dimensions, Approaches, and Current Challenges
Rönkä, A. K., & Korvela, P. (2009) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/j.1756-2589.2009.00011.x · Cited by 62
Fathers and breastfeeding: Attitudes, involvement and support
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Perceived Safety Influencing Active Travel to School—A Built Environment Perspective
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“[25], which provides comprehensive steps on how to conduct a narrative review.”
BackgroundKwok, A. O. J., & Treiblmaier, H. (2023) · Journal of Decision System · doi:10.1080/12460125.2023.2214304 · Cited by 48
“Methodologically, a narrative literature review is preferred over a systematic literature review for new concepts regarding which there is insufficient knowledge in a specific area to present a broad perspective (Green et al., 2006).”
Pavlovic, D., Nićiforović, D., Papic, D., Milojevic, K., & Marković, M. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology · doi:10.1177/17588359231205848 · Cited by 51
Aitken, L. M., Castillo, M. I. A., Ullman, A. J., Engström, Å. H., Cunningham, K. B., & Rattray, J. E. (2016) · Australian Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2015.11.004 · Cited by 48
Economic performance of organic aquaculture: A systematic review
Gambelli, D., Vairo, D., Solfanelli, F., & Zanoli, R. (2019) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103542 · Cited by 48
Lopez, D. J., Waidyatillake, N. T., Zaror, C., & Mariño, R. (2019) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-019-0916-0 · Cited by 48
“recommendations [20], the narrative overview model which is broad narrative syntheses of formerly published studies, was used.”
MethodMeasles, mumps, rubella prevention: how can we do better?
Kauffmann, F., Heffernan, C., Meurice, F., Ota, M. O. C., Vetter, V., & Casabona, G. (2021) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2021.1927722 · Cited by 56
“This qualitative narrative review of the literature [48] considers studies where challenges related to MMR vaccination”
BackgroundFabry Disease: Current and Novel Therapeutic Strategies. A Narrative Review
Palaiodimou, L., Kokotis, P., Zompola, C., Papagiannopoulou, G., Bakola, E., Papadopoulou, Μ., Zouvelou, V., Petras, D. I., Vlachopoulos, C., & Tsivgoulis, G. K. (2022) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x20666220601124117 · Cited by 47
Corgo, J., Cruz, S. S., & Conceição, P. S. (2024) · AMBIO · doi:10.1007/s13280-024-02052-1 · Cited by 59
“It also supported the SSM since it aimed to synthesise and summarise information from various sources in a narrative or descriptive manner, offering a broader understanding of the studied subjects (Green et al. 2006; Petticrew and Roberts 2006).”
Hosseini, M. R., & Chileshe, N. (2013) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.01.001 · Cited by 48
“There are many different databases available for searching and it is important that the appropriate databases are searched, depending on the objective and topic of the paper (Green et al., 2006).”
BackgroundKwan, C., & Walsh, C. A. (2018) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3331 · Cited by 47
Reducing pharmacy patient waiting time
Alam, S., Osama, M., Iqbal, F., & Sawar, I. (2018) · International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance · doi:10.1108/ijhcqa-08-2017-0144 · Cited by 47
Narrative Review: Technologies in Eldercare
Frennert, S., & Östlund, B. (2018) · Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies · doi:10.5324/njsts.v6i1.2518 · Cited by 59
Psychological Vulnerabilities and Extremism Among Western Youth: A Literature Review
Harpviken, A. N. (2019) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-019-00108-y · Cited by 53
Followership: a review of current and emerging research
Matshoba-Ramuedzisi, T., de Jongh, D., & Fourie, W. J. (2022) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-10-2021-0473 · Cited by 46
Artificial Intelligence in Business-to-Customer Fashion Retail: A Literature Review
Goti, A., Lomas, L. Q., Almeida, A., de la Puerta, J. G., & López–de–Ipiña, D. (2023) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math11132943 · Cited by 68
“The narrative literature review methodology employed in this evaluation follows the suggestions of Green, Johnson, and Adams [20] and Ferrari [21] for the narrative overview variant.”
MethodMaternal and newborn health indicators in Papua New Guinea – 2008–2018
Robbers, G. M. L., Vogel, J. P., Mola, G., Bolnga, J. W., & Homer, C. (2019) · Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters · doi:10.1080/26410397.2019.1686199 · Cited by 47
“This narrative review was informed by the guidelines of Snilstveit et al. 21 and Green et al. 22 We conducted a systematic search to identify eligible articles according to pre-speci fi ed eligibility criteria, including randomised controlled studies and observational studies (i.e. cohort, cross-sectional or case – con…”
MethodRole of vitamin C in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity
Shahbaz, U., Fatima, N., Basharat, S., Bibi, A., Yu, X., Hussain, M. I., & Nasrullah, M. (2022) · AIMS Microbiology · doi:10.3934/microbiol.2022010 · Cited by 51
“Because to the use of ascorbic acid, the SOFA (sequential organ failure assessment) rate has been decreased the administration of 1 g of IV ascorbic acid every eight hours for 28 days to 594 critically sick patients showed a significant reduction in the incidence of multiorgan failure, the length of stay in ICU, and t…”
MethodD’Alessandro-Lowe, A. M., Ritchie, K., McCabe, R. E., Lanius, R. A., Heber, A., Smith, P., Malain, A., Schielke, H. J., O’Connor, C., Hosseiny, F., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.784523 · Cited by 52
“Though it has limitations, a narrative review was the most appropriate type of review for this work (123).”
BackgroundThe effects of household water insecurity on child health and well‐being
Rhue, S. J., Torrico, G., Amuzie, C., Collins, S. M., Lemaitre, A., Workman, C. L., Rosinger, A. Y., Pearson, A. L., Piperata, B. A., Wutich, A., et al. (2023) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water · doi:10.1002/wat2.1666 · Cited by 61
“Given the dispersed and often incidental nature of insights about children's water insecurity experiences throughout these literatures, we conducted a narrative review, which is an unsystematic, but comprehensive, narrative synthesis of previously published literature (Green et al., 2006).”
BackgroundLazarevic, D., & Martin, M. A. (2016) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.075 · Cited by 47
Implications of endotoxins in wound healing: a narrative review
Rippon, M. G., Westgate, S. J., & Rogers, A. A. (2022) · Journal of Wound Care · doi:10.12968/jowc.2022.31.5.380 · Cited by 46
Iterative business model innovation: A conceptual process model and tools for incumbents
Bachmann, N., & Jodlbauer, H. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114177 · Cited by 44
“Green et al. (2006) offer a useful guideline for performing narrative reviews, which are comprehensive syntheses of previously published information.”
Submitting Manuscripts to Biomedical Journals: Common Errors and Helpful Solutions
Johnson, C. D., & Green, B. N. (2008) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.12.002 · Cited by 44
Self-citationThibault-Gagnon, S., & Morin, M. (2015) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.13028 · Cited by 44
New graduate transition to practice: how can the literature inform support strategies?
Moores, A., & Fitzgerald, C. (2016) · Australian Health Review · doi:10.1071/ah15240 · Cited by 44
Pender's health promotion model in medical research.
Heydari, A., & Khorashadizadeh, F. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 43
Danilovich, N., Kitto, S. C., Price, D. W., Campbell, C. B., Hodgson, A., & HENDRY, P. J. (2021) · Family Medicine · doi:10.22454/fammed.2021.453158 · Cited by 49
Writing and appraising narrative reviews
Sarkar, S., & Bhatia, G. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical and Scientific Research · doi:10.4103/jcsr.jcsr_1_21 · Cited by 75
Metadata
- Authors
- Green, B. N., Johnson, C. D., & Adams, A.
- Affiliations
- National University of Health Sciences (US)
- Texas Chiropractic College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Green, Bart N.
- Venue
- Journal of Chiropractic Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 101-117
- ISSN
- 1556-3707 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2647067
- OpenAlex
- W2004462823
- Cited by
- 2,224
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 398 · 2025: 252 · 2024: 253 · 2023: 264 · 2022: 220 · 2021: 204 · 2020: 140 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 3.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Chiropractic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
- Keywords
- review article writing, best evidence synthesis, critical appraisal, peer review, research standards, bibliographic databases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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