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Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: secrets of the trade
Open accessAbstract
Objective To describe and discuss the process used to write a narrative review of the literature for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Publication of narrative overviews of the literature should be standardized to increase their objectivity.Background In the past decade numerous changes in research methodology pertaining to reviews of the literature have occurred. These changes necessitate authors of review articles to be familiar with current standards in the publication process.Methods Narrative overview of the literature synthesizing the findings of literature retrieved from searches of computerized databases, hand searches, and authoritative texts.Discussion An overview of the use of three types of reviews of the literature is presented. Step by step instructions for how to conduct and write a narrative overview utilizing a 'best-evidence synthesis' approach are discussed, starting with appropriate preparatory work and ending with how to create proper illustrations. Several resources for creating reviews of the literature are presented and a narrative overview critical appraisal worksheet is included. A bibliography of other useful reading is presented in an appendix.Conclusion Narrative overviews can be a valuable contribution to the literature if prepared properly. New and experienced authors wishing to write a narrative overview should find this article useful in constructing such a paper and carrying out the research process. It is hoped that this article will stimulate scholarly dialog amongst colleagues about this research design and other complex literature review methods.
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“This process of organizing the data around these categories of prerequisites was discussed with multiple researchers, to overcome the bias that can develop when only one researcher does the process of analysis”
From Formative assessment: A systematic review of critical teacher prerequisites for classroom practice (2020) · cites this paper as Green, Johnson, & Adams, 2006
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
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“Although widely adopted, narrative reviews entail several issues. Authors might be biased due to their subjectivity (Green et al., 2006; Stanley & Jarrell, 1989). By choosing which studies to include in the review, how to weight them and how to interpret their results, reviewers can accommodate, even unconsciously, the main findings of a particular scientific field to be com‐pliant with their pri”
From Public sector reforms and their impact on the level of corruption: A systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2006
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“This study employed a structured narrative review to synthesize the existing research on AI adoption and its role in value creation within SMEs in developing economies (Dixon-Woods et al., 2005; Green et al., 2006).”
From Artificial Intelligence Adoption for Sustainable Development in SMEs: Challenges, Strategic Pathways, and Lessons for Developing Economies (2026) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2006
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“Moreover, we described the methodology used in a detailed manner (Green et al., 2006), and used a scoring system to determine the quality of each publication (Sackett et al., 2000).”
From Formative assessment: A systematic review of critical teacher prerequisites for classroom practice (2020) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2006
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“Narrative reviews are a valuable contribution to the literature as they provide comprehensive syntheses of targeted substantive issues based on previously published information, thus presenting a broader perspective on an otherwise elusive topic and describing the development of a problem or its management (Goodier, 1999;Green et al., 2006).”
From Intersectional climate justice: A conceptual pathway for bridging adaptation planning, transformative action, and social equity (2022) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2006
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“Narrative reviews might have limitations when compared with other research designs, attributed to a general lack of systematic, reproducible approaches, which could be vulnerable to bias (Green et al., 2006).”
From Intersectional climate justice: A conceptual pathway for bridging adaptation planning, transformative action, and social equity (2022) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2006
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“The literature search for Al toxicosis as a narrative review (Green et al., 2006) with a broad thematic approach was unproductive and this observation justified the need for the current review.”
From Aluminium toxicosis: a review of toxic actions and effects (2019) · cites this paper as Green et al., 2006
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“As a narrative synthesis, this review does not provide pooled effect size estimation and remains subject to potential selection bias despite structured search procedures (21).”
From Mindfulness and clinical hypnotherapy in sexual desire disorders: mechanisms, psychophysiological pathways, and integrative therapeutic sequencing (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
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“The review follows established guidance for narrative syntheses while incorporating structured evidence summarization to enhance transparency (21).”
From Mindfulness and clinical hypnotherapy in sexual desire disorders: mechanisms, psychophysiological pathways, and integrative therapeutic sequencing (2026) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“We conducted a narrative review of literature following international guidelines for writing narrative reviews [20, 21].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
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“pieces of information into a readable format for educational purposes [51].”
BackgroundAdversarial Collaboration on a Drake-S Equation for the Survival Question
Laythe, B. R., & Houran, J. (2022) · Journal of Scientific Exploration · doi:10.31275/20222357 · Cited by 13
The Slippery Slopes of Climate Engineering Research
Tang, A. (2023) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102674 · Cited by 11
Reducing Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and the Incidence of FASD: Is the Past Prologue?
Chang, G. (2023) · Alcohol research · doi:10.35946/arcr.v43.1.02 · Cited by 11
“Table 1 summarizes the literature tracking.(18,19) Of the total of 238 records returned by the three searches, 217 records were eliminated.”
BackgroundHurwitz, H., Mercer, M., & Rose, S. L. (2023) · Patient Experience Journal · doi:10.35680/2372-0247.1669 · Cited by 13
Esports, video gaming and their fuzziness: a conceptualization and categorization
de Zoeten, M., & Könecke, T. (2023) · Sport Business and Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/sbm-10-2022-0097 · Cited by 13
Dsouza, M. P., Shetty, A., Dinesh, T. K., & Damodar, P. (2023) · IIMBG Journal of Sustainable Business and Innovation · doi:10.1108/ijsbi-06-2023-0037 · Cited by 16
The mental health of Ukrainian refugees: a narrative review
Ellis, E., Hazell, C. M., & Mason, O. J. (2024) · Academia Medicine · doi:10.20935/acadmed6232 · Cited by 17
Alam, M. M., Haque, M. M., & Santi, M. (2024) · Aquaculture Journal · doi:10.3390/aquacj4040022 · Cited by 11
“Literature searches were made in two databases: Web of Science and Scopus, as suggested by Green et al. [48].”
Polat, S., & Lange, S. (2025) · Review of Education · doi:10.1002/rev3.70046 · Cited by 11
Ghisellini, P., Passaro, R., & Ulgiati, S. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18112769 · Cited by 11
Adolescent experiences and exposures: a systematic review of life course outcomes
Banati, P., Vedechkina, M., Rubeis, V. D., Kalai, S., Massaquoi, L., Sadana, R., Baltag, V., & Baird, S. (2025) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103453 · Cited by 13
“22 This was done by codifying and analyzing data using a ‘best-evidence synthesis’ approach 23,24 to describe frequencies of results extracted from the representative sample of published literature.”
Ports, peripherality and concentration – deconcentration factors: a review
Wiradanti, B., Pettit, S., Potter, A. T., & Abouarghoub, W. (2018) · Maritime Business Review · doi:10.1108/mabr-09-2018-0040 · Cited by 11
THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL OBLIGATIONS OF SCHOOL SOCIAL WORKERS
Reyneke, R. (2020) · Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk · doi:10.15270/56-2-818 · Cited by 11
Fifty years of research on takeover target prediction: a historical perspective
Tunyi, A. A. (2021) · Qualitative Research in Financial Markets · doi:10.1108/qrfm-08-2020-0169 · Cited by 11
KESIAPAN NILAI TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT SUNDA DALAM REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0 MENUJU SOCIETY 5.0
Pratika, S., Megawati, A. S., & Maulana, I. R. (2021) · Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya · doi:10.14203/jmb.v23i2.1118 · Cited by 11
Neurofeminism: Feminist critiques of research on sex/gender differences in the neurosciences
Friedrichs, K., & Kellmeyer, P. (2022) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15834 · Cited by 13
Onea, I. A. (2022) · Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence · doi:10.2478/picbe-2022-0051 · Cited by 9
Search Strategies for [Systematic] Literature Reviews
Dekkers, R., Carey, L., & Langhorne, P. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90025-0_5 · Cited by 13
Nita, I.-B., Ilie, O., Ciobica, A. S., Hrițcu, L. D., Dobrin, I., Doroftei, B., & Dobrin, R. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232416129 · Cited by 12
Responding to maternal distress: from needs assessment to effective intervention
Kuipers, Y., van Limbeek, E. B. M., Ausems, M., Vries, R. G. D., & Nieuwenhuijze, M. J. (2016) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-016-0910-0 · Cited by 11
“An equally important step is collaboration with experts in the field to evaluate and understand the practical meaning of the findings (Jones 2004; Green et al. 2006; Bartholomew et al. 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialA scoping review of knowledge syntheses in the field of evaluation across four decades of practice
Lawarée, J., Jacob, S., & Ouimet, M. (2019) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101761 · Cited by 12
Narrating in grey: An application to educational management information systems and accountability
Bravo, L. G., Nistor, N., & Ramírez, B. C. (2019) · Information Development · doi:10.1177/0266666919894725 · Cited by 13
“We conducted a narrative literature review (Bae, 2014; Baumeister and Leary, 1997; Cronin et al., 2008; Ferrari, 2015; Green et al., 2006; Rumrill and Fitzgerald, 2001) The selection of relevant publications until December, 2018, was made based in four themes, operatio-nalized in four keywords or…”
MethodSuccessful implementation of self-management health innovations
van Beest, W., Boon, W., Andriessen, D., Moors, E. H. M., van der Veen, G., & Pol, H. (2020) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-020-01330-y · Cited by 11
“Narrative review of literature on self-management health innovations We conducted a narrative review of academic research impact, innovation science, and marketing literature (Green et al. 2006) to explore factors related to the implementation of selfmanagement health innovations.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDugle, G., Kpinpuo, S. D., & Ghartey, B. B. (2021) · The International Journal of Health Planning and Management · doi:10.1002/hpm.3123 · Cited by 11
Widodo, M. R., & Prayoga, D. (2022) · JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan · doi:10.54371/jiip.v5i2.458 · Cited by 11
Gheller, B. J. F., & Lordly, D. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research · doi:10.3148/cjdpr-2015-016 · Cited by 11
“METHODS A narrative review design was followed [17].”
MethodTaxonomy of malware detection techniques: A systematic literature review
Deylami, H. M., Muniyandi, R. C., Ardekani, I., & Sarrafzadeh, A. (2016) · Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust · doi:10.1109/pst.2016.7906998 · Cited by 11
“There are pros and cons of such detection methods which need to be compared in order to evaluate and make objective decisions for each situation.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Green, B. N., Johnson, C. D., & Adams, A.
- Affiliations
- National University of Health Sciences (US)
- Texas Chiropractic College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Green, Bart N.
- Venue
- Journal of Chiropractic Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 101-117
- ISSN
- 1556-3707 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2647067
- OpenAlex
- W2004462823
- Cited by
- 2,224
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 398 · 2025: 252 · 2024: 253 · 2023: 264 · 2022: 220 · 2021: 204 · 2020: 140 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 91 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 3.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Chiropractic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
- Keywords
- review article writing, best evidence synthesis, critical appraisal, peer review, research standards, bibliographic databases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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