A gradient of cytoplasmic Cactus degradation establishes the nuclear localization gradient of the dorsal morphogen in Drosophila
Open accessAbstract
Dorsoventral axis formation in the Drosophila embryo is established by a signal transduction pathway that comprises the products of at least 12 maternal genes. Two of these genes, dorsal and cactus, show homology to the mammalian transcription factor NF-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B, respectively. As in the case for I kappa B and NF-kappa B, Cactus inhibits Dorsal by retaining it in the cytoplasm. In response to the signal produced and transmitted by the products of the other genes, Dorsal translocates to the nucleus preferentially on the ventral side of the embryo. Here, we show that Cactus forms a cytoplasmic concentration gradient inversely correlated to the nuclear translocation gradient of Dorsal. Deletions of the N-terminus and C-terminus of Cactus reveal that two modes of degradation control cactus activity: signal-induced degradation and signal-independent degradation, respectively. Genetic evidence indicates that degradation of Cactus is required, but not sufficient to translocates Dorsal completely into the nucleus.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Toll signaling likely potentiates Dorsal nuclear translocation in a Cactus-independent manner, as even in cactus mutants, Dorsal is not fully nuclear on the dorsal side of the embryo.
“Toll signaling likely potentiates Dorsal nuclear translocation in a Cactus-independent manner, as even in cactus mutants, Dorsal is not fully nuclear on the dorsal side of the embryo”
From Graded dorsal and differential gene regulation in the Drosophila embryo. (2009) · cites this paper as Bergmann et al. 1996
Cites
Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4
LAEMMLI, U. K. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/227680a0 · Cited by 249,961 · see citing works
Amino Acid Sequences Common to Rapidly Degraded Proteins: The PEST Hypothesis
Rogers, S. W., Wells, R., & RECHSTEINER, M. C. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2876518 · Cited by 2,565 · see citing works
The embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster
Campos-Ortega, J. A., & Hartenstein, V. (1938) · PROTOPLASMA · doi:10.1007/bf01613769 · Cited by 2,167 · see citing works
IκB: a Specific Inhibitor of the NF-κB Transcription Factor
Baeuerle, P. A., & Baltimore, D. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3140380 · Cited by 2,154 · see citing works
Palombella, V. J., Rando, O. J., Goldberg, A. L., & Maniatis, T. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(94)90482-0 · Cited by 2,097 · see citing works
Rel/NF-kappa B/I kappa B family: intimate tales of association and dissociation.Preprint
Verma, I. M., Stevenson, J. K., Schwarz, E. M., Antwerp, D. V., & Miyamoto, S. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.22.2723 · Cited by 1,696 · see citing works
Control of IκB-α Proteolysis by Site-Specific, Signal-Induced Phosphorylation
Brown, K., Gerstberger, S., Carlson, L., Franzoso, G., & Siebenlist, U. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7878466 · Cited by 1,434 · see citing works
Chen, Z., Hagler, J., Palombella, V. J., Melandri, F. D., Scherer, D. C., Ballard, D. W., & Maniatis, T. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.13.1586 · Cited by 1,270 · see citing works
NF-κB Controls Expression of Inhibitor IκBα: Evidence for an Inducible Autoregulatory Pathway
Sun, S., Ganchi, P. A., Ballard, D. W., & Greene, W. C. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8096091 · Cited by 1,108 · see citing works
Rapid proteolysis of IκB-α is necessary for activation of transcription factor NF-κB
Henkel, T., Machleidt, T., Alkalay, I., Krönke, M., Ben‐Neriah, Y., & Baeuerle, P. A. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365182a0 · Cited by 1,103 · see citing works
Beg, A. A., Finco, T. S., Nantermet, P. V., & Baldwin, A. S. (1993) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.13.6.3301 · Cited by 1,027 · see citing works
IκB-β regulates the persistent response in a biphasic activation of NF-κB
Thompson, J. E., Phillips, R. J., Erdjument‐Bromage, H., Tempst, P., & Ghosh, S. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90511-1 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Traenckner, E. B.-M., Wilk, S., & Baeuerle, P. A. (1994) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06878.x · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Coupling of a Signal Response Domain in IκBα to Multiple Pathways for NF-κB Activation
Brockman, J. A., Scherer, D. C., McKinsey, T. A., Hall, S. M., Qi, X., Lee, W. Y., & Ballard, D. W. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.5.2809 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Roth, S., Stein, D., & Nüsslein‐Volhard, C. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90774-5 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Self-citationDrosophila Toll and IL-1 receptor
Gay, N. J., & Keith, F. J. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/351355b0 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Mutual regulation of the transcriptional activator NF-kappa B and its inhibitor, I kappa B-alpha.
Brown, K., Park, S., KANNO, T., Franzoso, G., & Siebenlist, U. K. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.6.2532 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Functional cDNA libraries from Drosophila embryos
Brown, N. H., & Kafatos, F. C. (1988) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-2836(88)90010-1 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
A novel pathway for vitamin A signaling mediated by RXR heterodimerization with NGFI-B and NURR1.Preprint
Perlmann, T., & Jansson, L. E. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.7.769 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Steward, R. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3118464 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Rushlow, C. A., Han, K., Manley, J. L., & Levine, M. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90772-1 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Roth, S., Neuman‐Silberberg, F. S., Barcelo, G., & Schüpbach, T. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90016-0 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Relocalization of the dorsal protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus correlates with its function
Steward, R. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90773-3 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
The p65 subunit of NF-kappa B regulates I kappa B by two distinct mechanisms.Preprint
Scott, M. L., Fujita, T., Liou, H., Nolan, G. P., & Baltimore, D. (1993) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.7.7a.1266 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
SIGNALING PATHWAYS THAT ESTABLISH THE DORSAL-VENTRAL PATTERN OF THE DROSOPHILA EMBRYO
Morisalo, D., & Anderson, K. V. (1995) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.29.120195.002103 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Schneider, D. S., Hudson, K. L., Lin, T. Y., & Anderson, K. V. (1991) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.5.5.797 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Chou, T.-B., Noll, E., & Perrimon, N. (1993) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.119.4.1359 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Edgar, B. A., Sprenger, F., Duronio, R. J., Léopold, P., & O’Farrell, P. H. (1994) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.8.4.440 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Miyamoto, S., & Verma, I. M. (1995) · Advances in cancer research · doi:10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60257-2 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Geisler, R., Bergmann, A., Hiromi, Y., & Nüsslein‐Volhard, C. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90595-4 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationHatada, E. N., Nieters, A., Wulczyn, F. G., Naumann, M., Meyer, R., Nucifora, G., McKeithan, T. W., & Scheidereit, C. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.6.2489 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Kidd, S. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90596-5 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
pelle encodes a protein kinase required to establish dorsoventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo
Shelton, C. A., & Wasserman, S. A. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90071-w · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Gametogenesis and the early embryo
Seller, M. J. (1987) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/0378-3782(87)90034-x · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Roth, S., Hiromi, Y., Godt, D., & Nüsslein‐Volhard, C. (1991) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.112.2.371 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationCactus protein degradation mediates Drosophila dorsal-ventral signaling.
Belvin, M. P., Jin, Y., & Anderson, K. V. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.7.783 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Mellits, K. H., Hay, R. T., & Goodbourn, S. (1993) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/21.22.5059 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
PEST sequences are signals for rapid intracellular proteolysis.
Rechsteiner, M. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Whalen, A. M., & Steward, R. (1993) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.123.3.523 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Driever, W., Siegel, V., & Nüsslein‐Volhard, C. (1990) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.109.4.811 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationGroßhans, J., Bergmann, A., Haffter, P., & Nüsslein‐Volhard, C. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372563a0 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationLetsou, A., Alexander, S., Orth, K., & Wasserman, S. A. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.3.810 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The torso receptor tyrosine kinase can activate raf in a ras-independent pathway
Hou, X. S., Chou, T.-B., Meinick, M. B., & Perrimon, N. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90371-2 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Gillespie, S. K. H., & Wasserman, S. A. (1994) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.14.6.3559 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Gametogenesis and the early embryo
Gall, J. G. (1986) · A.R. Liss eBooks · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Common structural constituents confer I kappa B activity to NF‐kappa B p105 and I kappa B/MAD‐3.
Hatada, E. N., Naumann, M., & Scheidereit, C. (1993) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05939.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Signaling Pathways that Establish the Dorsal-Ventral Pattern of the Drosophila Embryo
Morisato, D. (1995) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.29.1.371 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Norris, J. L., & Manley, J. L. (1992) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.6.9.1654 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Santamarı́a, P., & Nüsslein‐Volhard, C. (1983) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01644.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationNorris, J. L., & Manley, J. L. (1996) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.10.7.862 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Isoda, K., & Nüsslein‐Volhard, C. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.12.5350 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationHomeostatic balance between dorsal and cactus proteins in the Drosophila embryo
Govind, S., Brennan, L. C., & Steward, R. (1993) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.117.1.135 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The dorsal protein enhances the biosynthesis and stability of theDrosophilaIkB homologue cactus
Kubota, K., & Gay, N. J. (1995) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/23.16.3111 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
NF-κB signaling pathways in mammalian and insect innate immunityPreprint
Silverman, N. S., & Maniatis, T. (2001) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.909001 · Cited by 904 · see citing works
Toll receptors in innate immunity.
Imler, J., & Hoffmann, J. (2001) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(01)02004-9 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Function of reactive oxygen species during animal development: Passive or active?
Covarrubias, L., Hernández-García, D., Schnabel, D., Vidal, E. S., & Castro‐Obregón, S. (2008) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.04.041 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Regulated nuclear import of Rel proteins in the Drosophila immune response
Wu, L. P., & Anderson, K. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/32195 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
A role for the Drosophila Toll/Cactus pathway in larval hematopoiesis
Qiu, P., Pan, P. C., & Govind, S. (1998) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.125.10.1909 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
NF- B in the Immune Response of DrosophilaPreprint
Hétru, C., & Hoffmann, J. A. (2009) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a000232 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Dorsoventral Axis Formation in the Drosophila Embryo—Shaping and Transducing a Morphogen Gradient
Moussian, B., & Roth, S. (2005) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.10.026 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Manfruelli, P., Reichhart, J., Steward, R., Hoffmann, J. A., & Lemaître, B. (1999) · EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/18.12.3380 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Pal, S., Leger, R. J. S., & Wu, L. P. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m605927200 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
NF-κB/Rel Proteins and the Humoral Immune Responses of Drosophila melanogaster
Ganesan, S., Aggarwal, K., Paquette, N., & Silverman, N. S. (2010) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2010_107 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Positive and negative regulation of the Drosophila immune response
Aggarwal, K., & Silverman, N. S. (2008) · BMB Reports · doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.4.267 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Mosquito immune defenses against Plasmodium infection
Cirimotich, C. M., Dong, Y., Garver, L. S., Sim, S., & Dimopoulos, G. (2009) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2009.12.005 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Thoetkiattikul, H., Beck, M. H., & Strand, M. R. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0505240102 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Oligomerisation of Tube and Pelle leads to nuclear localisation of dorsal.
Grosshans, J., Schnorrer, F., & Nüsslein-Volhard, C. (1999) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00236-6 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationGraded dorsal and differential gene regulation in the Drosophila embryo.
Reeves, G. T., & Stathopoulos, A. (2009) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a000836 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
In Vivo Regulation of the IκB Homologuecactus during the Immune Response ofDrosophila *
Nicolas, E., Reichhart, J., Hoffmann, J., & Lemaître, B. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.17.10463 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Control of development and immunity by Rel transcription factors in Drosophila
Govind, S. (1999) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203223 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Nuclear import of the Drosophila Rel protein Dorsal is regulated by phosphorylationPreprint
Drier, E. A., Huang, L., & Steward, R. (1999) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.13.5.556 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Edwards, D. N., Towb, P., & Wasserman, S. A. (1997) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.124.19.3855 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Is there any kind of adaptive immunity in invertebrates?
Arala-Chaves, M. P., & Sequeira, T. (2000) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(00)00430-0 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Briggs, L. J., Stein, D., Goltz, J. S., Corrigan, V. C., Efthymiadis, A., Hübner, S., & Jans, D. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.35.22745 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationRoth, P., Xylourgidis, N., Sabri, N., Uv, A., Fornerod, M. W. J., & Samakovlis, C. (2003) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200304046 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Nuclear factor-kappa B pathways in Drosophila
Minakhina, S., & Steward, R. (2006) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209940 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Chen, G., Handel, K., & Roth, S. (2000) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.127.23.5145 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Mykles, D. (1998) · International Review of Cytology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62181-6 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
DeLotto, R., DeLotto, Y., Steward, R., & Lippincott-Schwartz, J. (2007) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.010934 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Ganguly, A., Jiang, J., & Ip, Y. T. (2005) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.01903 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Ávila‐Flores, A., Silverman, N. S., Díaz-Meco, M. T., & Moscat, J. (2002) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.22.24.8787-8795.2002 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Liu, Z.-P., Galindo, R. L., & Wasserman, S. A. (1997) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.11.24.3413 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
NF-κB, IκB, and IRAK Control Glutamate Receptor Density at the Drosophila NMJ
Heckscher, E. S., Fetter, R. D., Marek, K. W., Albin, S. D., & Davis, G. W. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.08.005 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Falabella, P., Varricchio, P., Provost, B., Espagne, E., Ferrarese, R., Grimaldi, A., de Eguileor, M., Fimiani, G., Ursini, M. V., Malva, C., et al. (2006) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/vir.0.82306-0 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Role for Sumoylation in Systemic Inflammation and Immune Homeostasis in Drosophila Larvae
Paddibhatla, I., Lee, M. J., Kalamarz, M. E., Ferrarese, R., & Govind, S. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001234 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Recruitment of Tube and Pelle to signaling sites at the surface of the Drosophila embryo
Towb, P., Galindo, R. L., & Wasserman, S. A. (1998) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.125.13.2443 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
An anteroposterior Dorsal gradient in the<i>Drosophila</i> embryo
Huang, A. M., Rusch, J., & Levine, M. (1997) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.11.15.1963 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Maternal control of the Drosophila dorsal–ventral body axis
Stein, D. S., & Stevens, L. M. (2014) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Developmental Biology · doi:10.1002/wdev.138 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationCritical Role of RelB Serine 368 for Dimerization and p100 Stabilization
Maier, H. J., Marienfeld, R. B., Wirth, T., & Baumann, B. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m301521200 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Phosphorylation modulates direct interactions between the Toll receptor, Pelle kinase and Tube
Shen, B., & Manley, J. L. (1998) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.125.23.4719 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Toll signaling: the enigma variations.
Wasserman, S. A. (2000) · Current Opinion in Genetics and Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00118-0 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Chiu, H., Ring, B. C., Sorrentino, R. P., Kalamarz, M. E., Garza, D., & Govind, S. (2005) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.08.008 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fernandez‐Becker, N., Großhans, J., Goltz, J. S., & Stein, D. (2001) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.128.15.2963 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationThe IRAK Homolog Pelle Is the Functional Counterpart of IκB Kinase in the Drosophila Toll Pathway
Daigneault, J., Klemetsaune, L., & Wasserman, S. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075150 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Toll gene in Drosophila pattern formation.
Nüsslein-Volhard, C. (2021) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2021.09.006 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationird1 is a Vps15 homologue important for antibacterial immune responses in Drosophila
Wu, J., Randle, K. E., & Wu, L. P. (2006) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00853.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Spätzle regulates the shape of the Dorsal gradient in the<i>Drosophila</i>embryo
Morisato, D. (2001) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.128.12.2309 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Genetic determinants of antiviral immunity in dipteran insects – Compiling the experimental evidence
Machado, S. R., van der Most, T., & Miesen, P. (2021) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2021.104010 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dynamic BMP signaling polarized by Toll patterns the dorsoventral axis in a hemimetabolous insect
Sachs, L., Chen, Y.-T., Drechsler, A., Lynch, J., Panfilio, K. A., Lässig, M., Berg, J., & Roth, S. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.05502 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Lack of an Antibacterial Response Defect in Drosophila Toll-9 Mutant
Narbonne-Reveau, K., Charroux, B., & Royet, J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017470 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Conservation and Divergence in Molecular Mechanisms of Axis Formation
Lall, S., & Patel, N. H. (2001) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.35.102401.090832 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dong, X., Zhao, H. L., Li, J., Tian, Y., Zeng, H., Ramos, M. A., Hu, T. S., & Xu, Q. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101749 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Lin, P., Huang, L. H., & Steward, R. (2000) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00314-2 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Stein, D., Goltz, J. S., Jurcsak, J., & Stevens, L. M. (1998) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.125.11.2159 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationCactus-independent regulation of Dorsal nuclear import by the ventral signal
Drier, E. A., Govind, S., & Steward, R. (2000) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(99)00267-5 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Krapfen/dMyd88 is required for the establishment of dorsoventral pattern in the Drosophila embryo
Charatsi, I., Luschnig, S., Bartoszewski, S., Nüsslein‐Volhard, C., & Moussian, B. (2003) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00410-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationÖzüak, O., Buchta, T., Roth, S., & Lynch, J. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.035 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
A multimeric complex and the nuclear targeting of the Drosophila Rel protein Dorsal
Yang, J., & Steward, R. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14524 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Maxton-Küchenmeister, J., Handel, K., Schmidt‐Ott, U., Roth, S., & Jäckle, H. (1999) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00041-6 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Novel Roles for the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Regulating Neuronal Function
Boersma, M. C. H., & Meffert, M. K. (2008) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/stke.16pe7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Bracovirus gene products are highly divergent from insect proteins
Bézier, A., Herbinière, J., Serbielle, C., Lesobre, J., Wincker, P., Huguet, E., & Drezen, J. (2008) · Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1002/arch.20219 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Combinatorial patterning mechanisms in the Drosophila embryo
Chopra, V. S., & Levine, M. (2009) · Briefings in Functional Genomics and Proteomics · doi:10.1093/bfgp/elp026 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Chen, L.-Y., Wang, J.-C., Hyvert, Y., Lin, H.-P., Perrimon, N., Imler, J., & Hsu, J. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.050 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A facilitated diffusion mechanism establishes the Drosophila Dorsal gradient
Carrell-Noel, S., O'Connell, M. D., Jacobsen, T. L., Allen, A. E., Smith, S. M., & Reeves, G. T. (2017) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.155549 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
AP-1, but not NF-κB, is required for efficient steroid-triggered cell death in Drosophila
Lehmann, M., Jiang, C., Ip, Y., & Thummel, C. (2002) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401003 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Conserved Spätzle/Toll signaling in dorsoventral patterning of Xenopus embryos
Armstrong, N. J., Steinbeißer, H., Prothmann, C., DeLotto, R., & Rupp, R. A. W. (1998) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00003-3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Signaling between somatic follicle cells and the germline patterns the egg and embryo of Drosophila
Merkle, J. A., Wittes, J., & Schüpbach, T. (2019) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.10.004 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Regulation of Easter activity is required for shaping the Dorsal gradient in theDrosophilaembryo
Chang, A. J., & Morisato, D. (2002) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.00161 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Proteolysis and developmental signal transduction.
Ye, Y.-H., & Fortini, M. (2000) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/scdb.2000.0167 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Fontenele, M., Carneiro, K., Agrellos, R., de Oliveira, D. M. P., Oliveira-Silva, A., Vieira, V., Negreiros, É., Machado, E. A., & Araujo, H. M. (2009) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/j.mod.2009.04.005 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Calpain A modulates Toll responses by limited Cactus/IκB proteolysis
Fontenele, M., Lim, B., Oliveira, D., Buffolo, M., Perlman, D. H., Schüpbach, T., & Araujo, H. (2013) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e13-02-0113 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Formation, interpretation, and regulation of the Drosophila Dorsal/NF-κB gradient.
Schloop, A. E., Bandodkar, P. U., & Reeves, G. T. (2020) · Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.11.007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Genome-wide screen for modifiers of Na + /K + ATPase alleles identifies critical genetic loci
Talsma, A. D., Chaves, J. F., LaMonaca, A., Wieczorek, E. D., & Palladino, M. J. (2014) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-014-0089-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
O’Connell, M. D., & Reeves, G. T. (2015) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004159 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
fusilli, an Essential Gene with a Maternal Role in Drosophila Embryonic Dorsal–Ventral Patterning
Wakabayashi-Ito, N., Belvin, M. P., Bluestein, D. A., & Anderson, K. V. (2001) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.2000.9954 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Wulczyn, F. G., Krappmann, D., & Scheidereit, C. (1998) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/26.7.1724 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cardoso, M. A., Fontenele, M., Lim, B., Bisch, P. M., Shvartsman, S. Y., & Araujo, H. M. (2017) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.145557 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Progress and potential of Drosophila protein interaction maps.
Stanyon, C. A., & Finley, R. L. (2000) · Pharmacogenomics (London) · doi:10.1517/14622416.1.4.417 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Oxidative stress and oxidative damage-induced cell death
Madkour, L. H. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822481-6.00008-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A tissue communication network coordinating innate immune response during muscle stress
Green, N. M., Walker, J., Bontrager, A. M., Zych, M. G., & Geisbrecht, E. R. (2018) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.217943 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ehrlichia chaffeensis Infections in Drosophila melanogaster
Luce-Fedrow, A., Ohlen, T. V. V., & Chapes, S. (2009) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00594-09 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Yorkie-Cactus (IκBα)-JNK axis promotes tumor growth and progression in Drosophila
Snigdha, K., Singh, A., & Kango-Singh, M. (2021) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/s41388-021-01831-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Stevens, L. M., Kim, G., Koromila, T., Steele, J., McGehee, J. M., Stathopoulos, A., & Stein, D. S. (2021) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009544 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationSUMOylation of Dorsal attenuates Toll/NF-κB signaling
Hegde, S., Sreejan, A., Gadgil, C. J., & Ratnaparkhi, G. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1093/genetics/iyac081 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The role of micro RNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of Drosophila melanogaster’s innate immunity
Lu, M. Y., & Chtarbanova, S. (2022) · Fly · doi:10.1080/19336934.2022.2149204 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Roles and Mechanisms of ROS, Oxidative Stress, and Oxidative Damage
Madkour, L. H. (2020) · Nanomedicine and nanotoxicology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37297-2_4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Schloop, A. E., Carrell-Noel, S., Friedman, J., Thomas, A., & Reeves, G. T. (2020) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.01.011 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Barros, C. D. T., Cardoso, M., Bisch, P., Araujo, H., & Lopes, F. P. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009040 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flores-saaib, R., & Courey, A. (2007) · Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1385/cbb:33:1:1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal dynamics of NF-κB/Dorsal inhibitor IκBα/Cactus in Drosophila blastoderm embryos
Schloop, A. E., Hiremath, S., Shaikh, R., Dima, S. S., Lizardo, L., Bhakta, A., Williams, C., & Reeves, G. T. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.112854 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
IKKϵ Signaling: Not Just NF-κB
Bergmann, A. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.010 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationSchiffmann, Y. (2012) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2012.04.005 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dorsal/NF-κB exhibits a dorsal-to-ventral mobility gradient in the Drosophila embryoPreprint
Asafen, H. A., Clark, N. M., Goyal, E., Dima, S., Chen, H.-Y., Jacobsen, T., Sozzani, R., & Reeves, G. T. (2018) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/320754 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Pers, D., Buchta, T., Özüak, O., Roth, S., & Lynch, J. (2022) · Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.3390/jdb10010007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Signaling Cascades, Gradients, and Gene Networks in Dorsal/Ventral Patterning
Ratnaparkhi, G. S., & Courey, A. J. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-405945-0.00008-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hepatic encephalpathy: new concepts of pathogenesis, biological basis and outcome.
Daif, A. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Alaouna, M. (2013) · University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Institutional Repository on DSpace (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dorsal/NF-κB exhibits a dorsal-to-ventral mobility gradient in the Drosophila embryoPreprint
Asafen, H. A., Clark, N. M., Goyal, E., Jacobsen, T. L., Dima, S. S., Chen, H.-Y., Sozzani, R., & Reeves, G. T. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.100462.1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Calpain Proteases and the Evolving Signaling Network in Insect Embryonic Patterning
Julio, A. H. F., & Araujo, H. M. (2025) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution · doi:10.1002/jez.b.23307 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mechanisms for controlling Dorsal nuclear levels
McGehee, J. M., & Stathopoulos, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2024.1436369 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bug Versus Bug: Humoral Immune Responses in Drosophila melanogaster
Ertürk-Hasdemir, D., Paquette, N., Aggarwal, K., & Silverman, N. S. (2007) · Nucleic acids and molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73930-2_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mesoderm Formation in the Drosophila Embryo
Wakabayashi-Ito, N., & Ip, Y. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-32963-3_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vertebrate rel proteins exhibit dorsal‐like activities in early Drosophila embryogenesis
Prothmann, C., Armstrong, N. J., Roth, S., & Rupp, R. A. W. (2006) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.20713 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bergmann, A., Stein, D., Geisler, R., Hagenmaier, S., Schmid, B., Fernandez, N., Schnell, B., & Nüsslein-Volhard, C.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology (DE)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bergmann, Andreas
- Venue
- Mechanisms of Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-11
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 109-123
- ISSN
- 0925-4773 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057381460
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Mechanisms of Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- cactus, Dorsal, cytoplasmic degradation, NF-κB, IκB, maternal genes, Drosophila embryo, protein degradation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Nucleus, Cytoplasm, DNA-Binding Proteins, Drosophila, Immunohistochemistry, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mutation, Nuclear Proteins, Phosphoproteins, Receptors, Cell Surface, Transcription Factors, Genes, Insect, Sequence Deletion, In Situ Hybridization, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Insect Proteins, Body Patterning, Drosophila Proteins, Toll-Like Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review