Cited by 119Developmental Biology and Gene RegulationNF-κB Signaling PathwaysGenomics and Chromatin Dynamics

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A gradient of cytoplasmic Cactus degradation establishes the nuclear localization gradient of the dorsal morphogen in Drosophila

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Bergmann, Andreas, Stein, David, Geisler, Robert, Hagenmaier, Susanne, Schmid, Bettina, Fernandez, Nielsen, Schnell, Beate, Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane·1996·Mechanisms of Development

DOI 10.1016/s0925-4773(96)00607-7

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Abstract

Dorsoventral axis formation in the Drosophila embryo is established by a signal transduction pathway that comprises the products of at least 12 maternal genes. Two of these genes, dorsal and cactus, show homology to the mammalian transcription factor NF-kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B, respectively. As in the case for I kappa B and NF-kappa B, Cactus inhibits Dorsal by retaining it in the cytoplasm. In response to the signal produced and transmitted by the products of the other genes, Dorsal translocates to the nucleus preferentially on the ventral side of the embryo. Here, we show that Cactus forms a cytoplasmic concentration gradient inversely correlated to the nuclear translocation gradient of Dorsal. Deletions of the N-terminus and C-terminus of Cactus reveal that two modes of degradation control cactus activity: signal-induced degradation and signal-independent degradation, respectively. Genetic evidence indicates that degradation of Cactus is required, but not sufficient to translocates Dorsal completely into the nucleus.

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Authors: Bergmann, A., Stein, D., Geisler, R., Hagenmaier, S., Schmid, B., Fernandez, N., Schnell, B., & Nüsslein-Volhard, C.
Affiliations: Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology (DE)
Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Bergmann, Andreas
ORCID: Bergmann, Andreas
Geisler, Robert
Schmid, Bettina
Venue: Mechanisms of Development
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1996-11
Volume: 60
Issue: 1
Pages: 109-123
ISSN: 0925-4773 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(96)00607-7
OpenAlex: W2057381460
Cited by: 119
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 2.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 6102 d)
Locations: Mechanisms of Development (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
Keywords: cactus, Dorsal, cytoplasmic degradation, NF-κB, IκB, maternal genes, Drosophila embryo, protein degradation
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Nucleus, Cytoplasm, DNA-Binding Proteins, Drosophila, Immunohistochemistry, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mutation, Nuclear Proteins, Phosphoproteins, Receptors, Cell Surface, Transcription Factors, Genes, Insect, Sequence Deletion, In Situ Hybridization, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Insect Proteins, Body Patterning, Drosophila Proteins, Toll-Like Receptors

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A gradient of cytoplasmic Cactus degradation establishes the nuclear localization gradient of the dorsal morphogen in Drosophila

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