Cited by 141Probiotics and Fermented FoodsFermentation and Sensory AnalysisAdvanced Scientific Research Methods

Use of autolytic starter systems to accelerate the ripening of Cheddar cheese

Hannon, J.A., Wilkinson, M.G., Delahunty, C.M., Wallace, J.M., Morrissey, P.A., Beresford, T.P.·2003·International Dairy Journal

Abstract

The rapid release of intracellular enzymes due to autolysis of lactic acid bacteria in the cheese matrix post-manufacture is thought to play a role in the acceleration of cheese ripening. To investigate this hypothesis Cheddar cheese was manufactured using three related starter systems which varied with respect to their autolytic properties. Starter system A contained a blend of two Lactococcus lactis strains (223 and 227) which had a low level of autolysis. System B was identical to A but included an adjunct of a highly autolytic strain of Lactobacillus helveticus (DPC4571). System C consisted only of strain DPC4571 as starter. The cheeses were evaluated during ripening for key ripening indices including autolysis of starter cells by release of intracellular marker enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), composition, proteolysis and flavour development by descriptive sensory analysis. Populations of Lb. helveticus DPC4571 decreased rapidly in cheeses B and C and were not detected by 8 weeks. The level of starter culture autolysis proceeded in the order C≫B>A. Levels of proteolysis were elevated in cheeses B and C relative to A. Principal component analysis of the sensory data separated the character of cheese A from that of cheeses B and C. Cheeses B and C developed a unique ‘balanced’ ‘strong’ flavour early in ripening with a ‘caramel’ and ‘musty’ odour and ‘sweet’ ‘astringent’ flavour compared to cheese A. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped C at 2 months with B at 6 and 8 months reflecting accelerated flavour development. Proteolytic and sensory data support the hypothesis that autolysis accelerates the rate of cheese ripening.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0958-6946(02)00178-4

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Authors
Hannon, J. A., Wilkinson, M. G., Delahunty, C. M., Wallace, J. M., Morrissey, P. A., & Beresford, T. P.
Affiliations
  • Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority (IE)
  • University of Limerick (IE)
  • University College Cork (IE)
Corresponding author
Beresford, T.P.
Venue
International Dairy Journal
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-01
Volume
13
Issue
4
Pages
313-323
ISSN
0958-6946 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1964764457
Cited by
141
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
FWCI
14.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
International Dairy Journal (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Advanced Scientific Research Methods
Keywords
Cheddar cheese, cheese ripening, starter cultures, autolysis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus lactis, intracellular enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, proteolysis, flavour development, cheese composition, starter culture viability

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