Cited by 166Genetic Neurodegenerative DiseasesProtein Structure and DynamicsEnzyme Structure and Function

Towards a structural understanding of Friedreich’s ataxia: the solution structure of frataxin

Open access
Musco, Giovanna, Stier, Gunter, Kolmerer, Bernhard, Adinolfi, Salvatore, Martin, Stephen, Frenkiel, Tom, Gibson, Toby, Pastore, Annalisa·2000·Structure

Abstract

Background Lesions in the gene for frataxin, a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein, cause the recessively inherited condition Friedreich's ataxia. It is thought that the condition arises from disregulation of mitochondrial iron homeostasis, with concomitant oxidative damage leading to neuronal death. Very little is, as yet, known about the biochemical function of frataxin. Results Here, we show that the mature form of recombinant frataxin behaves in solution as a monodisperse species that is composed of a 15-residue-long unstructured N terminus and an evolutionarily conserved C-terminal region that is able to fold independently. The structure of the C-terminal domain consists of a stable seven-stranded antiparallel beta sheet packing against a pair of parallel helices. The structure is compact with neither grooves nor cavities, features that are typical of iron-binding modules. Exposed evolutionarily conserved residues cover a broad area and all cluster on the beta-sheet face of the structure, suggesting that this is a functionally important surface. The effect of two clinically occurring mutations on the fold was checked experimentally. When the mature protein was titrated with iron, no tendency to iron-binding or to aggregation was observed. Conclusions Knowledge of the frataxin structure provides important guidelines as to the nature of the frataxin binding partner. The absence of all the features expected for an iron-binding activity, the large conserved area on its surface and lack of evidence for iron-binding activity strongly support an indirect involvement of frataxin in iron metabolism. The effects of point mutations associated with Friedreich's ataxia can be rationalised by knowledge of the structure and suggest possible models for the occurrence of the disease in compound heterozygous patients.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0969-2126(00)00158-1

Cites

51 of 51 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 53 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Musco, G., Stier, G., Kolmerer, B., Adinolfi, S., Martin, S., Frenkiel, T., Gibson, T., & Pastore, A.
Affiliations
European Molecular Biology Laboratory (DE)
Corresponding author
Pastore, Annalisa
Venue
Structure
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2000-07
Volume
8
Issue
7
Pages
695-707
ISSN
0969-2126 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2043666185
Cited by
166
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
FWCI
3.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Structure (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
  • Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
  • Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
Keywords
Friedreich's ataxia, frataxin, protein solution structure, mitochondrial iron homeostasis, C-terminal domain, antiparallel beta-sheet, point mutations, compound heterozygosity, protein aggregation
MeSH terms
Frataxin, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Bacterial Proteins, Carrier Proteins, Circular Dichroism, Friedreich Ataxia, Fungal Proteins, Heterozygote, Humans, Iron, Ligands, Mitochondria, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Plant Proteins, Protein Conformation, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Species Specificity, Structure-Activity Relationship, Helminth Proteins, Sequence Alignment, Point Mutation, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Protein Structure, Secondary, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor), Oxidative Stress, Evolution, Molecular, Iron-Binding Proteins, Transferrin-Binding Proteins, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review