Contraceptive dispensing and selection in school-based health centers
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether initiation of on-site dispensing of hormonal contraceptives (oral contraceptive pill, Depo-provera, and Norplant) in six urban school-based health centers reduced time to initial selection, and increased their consistent use among sexually active females. Methods Participants were sexually active females who received family planning care in a school year before (1994-1995 cohort) or after (1996-1997 cohort) the initiation of on-site dispensing. Data on contraception and sexual behavior were collected at each family planning visit. Cohorts were compared using Student's t-tests and Chi-square tests, analysis of covariance, and logistic regression. Results About 59% of the 1994-1995 cohort selected hormonal contraceptives at the first or second visit; this increased to 72% of the 1996-1997 cohort (chi(2) = 11.3; p <.001). After adjustment for cohort differences, the 1996-1997 cohort consistently selected hormonal contraceptives a longer period of time, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (adjusted means: 1994-1995 cohort = 73 days, 1996-1997 cohort = 81 days; t = 1.6, p <.10). Conclusion Sexually active females receiving family planning care select methods of hormonal contraception sooner and somewhat more consistently when the clinics in their high schools can dispense contraceptives on-site.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Two studies with internal comparisons both found onsite access to contraceptives associated with increased contraceptive uptake and reduced pregnancy rates.
“Two studies87,97 investigated this question with internal comparisons, and both found onsite access to contraceptives associated with increased contraceptive uptake and reduced pregnancy rates.”
From School-Based Health Centers to Advance Health Equity (2016) · cites this paper as [97]
Cites
Risking the Future: Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy, and Childbearing.
Hollerbach, P. E., & Hayes, C. D. (1987) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/1973146 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
School-based programs to reduce sexual risk behaviors: a review of effectiveness.
Kirby, D. B., Short, L. M., Collins, J. L., Rugg, D. L., Kolbe, L. J., Howard, M., Miller, B. C., Sonenstein, F. L., & Zabin, L. S. (1994) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Maternal Correlates of Adolescent Sexual and Contraceptive Behavior
Jaccard, J. J., Dittus, P., & Gordon, V. V. (1996) · Family Planning Perspectives · doi:10.2307/2136192 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Measuring Contraceptive Use Patterns Among Teenage and Adult Women
Glei, D. A. (1999) · Family Planning Perspectives · doi:10.2307/2991642 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
The Risk of Adolescent Pregnancy In the First Months of Intercourse
Zabin, L. S., Kantner, J. F., & Zelnik, M. (1979) · Family Planning Perspectives · doi:10.2307/2134252 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
National Research Council (1987) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/946 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Six School-Based Clinics: Their Reproductive Health Services and Impact on Sexual Behavior
Kirby, D., Waszak, C., & Ziegler, J. (1991) · Family Planning Perspectives · doi:10.2307/2135395 · Cited by 149 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In addition, it has been difficult to identify school programs that increase contraceptive use or decrease pregnancy among young people [15,16].”
BackgroundRisk of contraceptive discontinuation among adolescents
Balassone, M. L. (1989) · Journal of Adolescent Health Care · doi:10.1016/0197-0070(89)90016-8 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Reasons for delay in contraceptive clinic utilization
Zabin, L. S., Stark, H. A., & Emerson, M. R. (1991) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/0197-0070(91)90015-e · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Teenagers Talk About Sex, Pregnancy and Contraception
Kisker, E. E. (1985) · Family Planning Perspectives · doi:10.2307/2135270 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Identifying adolescents at risk for noncompliance with contraceptive therapy
Daniel, W. A., Litt, I. F., Cuskey, W. R., & Rudd, S. (1980) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80759-1 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Influence of psychosocial factors on adolescent compliance with oral contraceptives
DuRant, R. H., Jay, M. S., Linder, C. W., Shoffitt, T., & Litt, I. F. (1984) · Journal of Adolescent Health Care · doi:10.1016/s0197-0070(84)80237-5 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Women's Efforts to Prevent Pregnancy: Consistency of Oral Contraceptive Use
Peterson, L. S., Oakley, D., Potter, L. S., & Darroch, J. E. (1998) · Family Planning Perspectives · doi:10.2307/2991521 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
School health centers and primary care for adolescents: A review of the literature
Santelli, J. S., Morreale, M. C., Wigton, A., & Grason, H. A. (1996) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/1054-139x(96)00025-0 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A pilot program of contraceptive continuation in six school-based clinics.
Bearss, N., Santelli, J., & Papa, P. (1995) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/1054-139x(94)00189-l · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Does the Timing of the First Family Planning Visit Still Matter?
Finer, L. B., & Zabin, L. S. (1998) · Family Planning Perspectives · doi:10.2307/2991523 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Family planning services at school-based health centers: findings from a national survey.
Fothergill, K. E., & Feijóo, A. (2000) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00122-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Pastore, D. R., Murray, P. J., & Juszczak, L. J. (2001) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00314-7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Brindis, C., Starbuck-Morales, S., Wolfe, A. L., & McCarter, V. (1994) · Family planning perspectives · doi:10.2307/2136240 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Hirsch, M. B., Zabin, L. S., Streett, R., Hoffman-Goldwasser, E., Fitzgerald, C., Vines, E., Sagan, S., & Hardy, J. B. (1989) · Journal of Adolescent Health Care · doi:10.1016/0197-0070(89)90059-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Improving Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Systematic Review of Potential Interventions
Salam, R. A., Faqqah, A., Sajjad, N., Lassi, Z. S., Das, J. K., Kaufman, M. E., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2016) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.05.022 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
School-Based Health Centers to Advance Health Equity
Knopf, J. A., Finnie, R. K. C., Peng, Y., Hahn, R. A., Truman, B. I., Vernon-Smiley, M., Johnson, V. C., Johnson, R. L., Fielding, J. E., Muntaner, C., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.01.009 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Owen, J., Carroll, C., Cooke, J., Formby, E., Hayter, M., Hirst, J., Jones, M. L., Stapleton, H., Stevenson, M., & Sutton, A. (2010) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta14300 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Ethier, K. A., Dittus, P. J., DeRosa, C. J., Chung, E. Q., Martinez, E., & Kerndt, P. R. (2011) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.01.018 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“m School-based health centers (SBHC) have long been seen by ublic health professionals as a means to reach adolescents for eproductive health care services and to prevent teen pregnancy nd sexually transmitted diseases (STD) [1–6].”
Blank, L., Baxter, S. K., Payne, N., Preston, L. R., & Pilgrim, H. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2010.03.007 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Santelli, J. S., Nystrom, R. J., Brindis, C. D., Juszczak, L. J., Klein, J. D., Bearss, N., Kaplan, D. W., Hudson, M. L., & Schlitt, J. J. (2003) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(03)00063-6 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Blank, L., Baxter, S. K., Payne, N., Guillaume, L. R., & Squires, H. (2012) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cys056 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Itriyeva, K. (2024) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2024.101582 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Public Opinion Toward Sexuality Education: Findings Among One South Florida County
Barr, E. M., Moore, M., Weiss, J. A., & Jobli, E. C. (2011) · American Journal of Sexuality Education · doi:10.1080/15546128.2011.571955 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Florida Residents' Preferred Approach to Sexuality Education
Barr, E. M., & Moore, M. (2007) · American Journal of Sexuality Education · doi:10.1300/j455v02n03_03 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Fortunately, numerous studies have documented the effectiveness of sexuality education programs in preventing adolescent STDs, HIV and pregnancy (Landry et al., 2003; Kirby, 2001; Cohen et al., 1999; Tiezzi et al., 1997; Zimmer-Gembeck et al., 2001).”
BackgroundThe Varied Circumstances Prompting Requests for Emergency Contraception at School‐Based Clinics
Sidebottom, A. C., Harrison, P. A., Donna, A., & Finnegan, K. (2008) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00298.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Daley, A. (2012) · ANS. Advances in nursing science · doi:10.1097/ans.0b013e3182537419 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Khoza, N., Zulu, P., & Shung-King, M. (2019) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423618000762 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Smith, P., Novello, G., & Chacko, M. (2011) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.11.221 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Contraceptive Care for Adolescents in School-Based Health Centers Is Essential!”
Daley, A. M., & Polifroni, E. C. (2017) · The Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.1177/1059840517709503 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Smith, P., Novello, G., & Chacko, M. R. (2011) · Journal of Applied Research on Children Informing Policy for Children at Risk · doi:10.58464/2155-5834.1043 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Evidence shows that when hormonal birth control is not dispensed on-site, teenage family planning clients take longer to come in to the clinic for follow-up visits, are less likely to choose a birth control method during their first or second visit and to select a consistent birth control method over time.(14) -16 Ult…”
BackgroundNetshikweta, M. L. (2009) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Herrman, J. W. (2015) · Policy Politics & Nursing Practice · doi:10.1177/1527154415589581 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Renowned researchers refuted this concept and its place in this debate (Daley, 2012; Kirby, 2002; Smith et al., 2011; Zimmer-Gembeck et al., 2001).”
BackgroundA Pharmacoepidemiological Study of Medicine Use among Finnish Conscripts
Linden, K. (2005) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Postpartum Teenagers' Views on Providing Contraception in School-Based Health Clinics
Patel, P., Huynh, M. T., Alvarez, C. A., Jones, D., Jennings, K., & Snyder, R. R. (2015) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2015.5285 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Young, H., Long, S. J., Hallingberg, B., Fletcher, A., Hewitt, G., Murphy, S., & Moore, G. F. (2017) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckx203 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Here I Don’t Feel Like a Stranger”: Adolescents’ Perspectives on School-Based Health Centers
Daley, A. M., Polifroni, E. C., & Sadler, L. S. (2020) · The Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.1177/1059840520979661 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“, 2002), and providing successful programs targeted at common sources of morbidity and mortality such as asthma, obesity, teen pregnancy, depression, and STIs (Amin & Sato, 2004; Arenson et al., 2019; Ethier et al., 2011; Guo et al., 2005; Keeton et al., 2012; Lurie et al., 2001; Mansour et al., 2008; McNall et al., 2…”
BackgroundInfluentialAdolescent sexual behavior: Current knowledge, challenges and implications for research and policy
Boislard, M.-A., & Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J. (2012) · Griffith Research Online · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationSchool Based Health Centers Should Provide Contraception to Teens
Davis, L., & Bridges, E. (2011) · Journal of Applied Research on Children Informing Policy for Children at Risk · doi:10.58464/2155-5834.1054 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Studies show that SBHCs are a viable setting for promoting consistent use of birth control among sexually active teens.(9-11) Yet, little research has focused specifically on whether access to contraception through SBHCs also affects adolescent pregnancy rates.”
Background(2010) · Clinical Governance An International Journal · doi:10.1108/cgij.2010.24815dae.004 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adamu, N. N., Adamu, B. G., & Adamu, N. (2014) · Sokoto Educational Review · doi:10.35386/ser.v15i1.151
- Authors
- Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Doyle, L. S., & Daniels, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Multnomah County Health Department (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescent Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 177-185
- ISSN
- 1054-139X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011926964
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescent Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- contraceptive dispensing, school-based health centers, hormonal contraception, contraceptive choice, oral contraceptives, medroxyprogesterone acetate, Norplant, adolescent girls
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Contraception Behavior, Contraceptive Agents, Female, Family Planning Services, Female, Health Services Research, Humans, Patient Compliance, School Health Services, United States, Cohort Studies, Program Evaluation, Adolescent Health Services, Levonorgestrel, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
