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Gender differences in Pain
Abstract
A review of the literature on gender and clinical pain reveals a disproportionate representation of women receiving treatment for many pain conditions and suggests that women report more severe pain, more frequent pain, and pain of longer duration than do men. Gender differences in pain perception have also been extensively studied in the laboratory, and ratings of experimentally induced pain also show some sex disparity, with females generally reporting lower pain thresholds and tolerance than males. However, there is little consensus on whether these apparent differences reflect the way men and women respond to pain, differing social rules for the expression of pain, or biologic differences in the way noxious stimuli are processed. In this paper, our working hypothesis is that the higher prevalence of chronic orofacial pain in women is a result of sex differences in generic pain mechanisms and of as-yet unidentified factors unique to the craniofacial system. We will review the evidence concerning gender differences in the prevalence of pain conditions, with a focus on orofacial pain conditions. Evidence and hypotheses concerning biologic and psychosocial factors that could influence prevalence rates will also be discussed.
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“For patients receiving TENS treatment, those with higher baseline levels of catastrophizing experienced less pain reduction and reduced functional outcomes following treatment 317.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [317]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rollman, G. B.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Rollman, Gary B.
- Venue
- Pain Forum
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-12
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 231-234
- ISSN
- 1082-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020884860
- Cited by
- 399
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pain Forum (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- gender differences in pain, orofacial pain, sex differences in pain perception, pain prevalence, psychosocial factors in pain, craniofacial pain
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Facial Pain, Female, Humans, Male, Pain Measurement, Sex Characteristics, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Social Conformity, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Health Behavior, Prevalence
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