The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education
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In the citing paper
“It highlights the importance of the elements of teaching presence, student presence, and cognitive presence to encourage meaningful learning.”
From Collaborative Online Learning across Cultures: the Role of Teaching and Social Presence (2022) · cites this paper as Garrison et al., 1999
Citations
Cites
Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness and Structural Design
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.32.5.554 · Cited by 9,868
DEWEY, J. M. (1910) · Cited by 6,801
Perspectives on socially shared cognition.
Resnick, L. B., Levine, J. M., & Teasley, S. D. (1991) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10096-000 · Cited by 3,468
Interpersonal Effects in Computer-Mediated Interaction
Walther, J. B. (1992) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/009365092019001003 · Cited by 2,664
Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication
Sproull, L. S., & Kiesler, S. B. (1986) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.32.11.1492 · Cited by 2,377
Social presence as a predictor of satisfaction within a computer‐mediated conferencing environment
Gunawardena, C. N., & Zittle, F. J. (1997) · American Journal of Distance Education · doi:10.1080/08923649709526970 · Cited by 2,005
Lipman, M. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511840272 · Cited by 1,996
Media will never influence learning
Clark, R. E. (1994) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/bf02299088 · Cited by 1,893
Dewey, J. (1897) · Cited by 1,803
Gunawardena, C. N., Lowe, C. A., & Anderson, T. D. (1997) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/7mqv-x9uj-c7q3-nrag · Cited by 1,649
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Cutler, 1995, Distributed presence and community in cyberspace, Interpersonal Computing and Technology: An Electronic Journal for the 21st Century, 3, 12
- Garrison, D.R., Archer, W. (in press). A transactional perspective on teaching and learning: A framework for adult and higher education. Pergamon: Oxford, UK
- Kuehn, 1993, Communication innovation on a BBS: A content analysis, Interpersonal Computing and Technology: An Electronic Journal for the 21st Century, 1
- Rourke, L., Anderson, T., Garrison, D.R., Archer, W. (1999). A review of methodological issues in analyzing text-based computer conferencing transcripts, Unpublished manuscript.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001) · American Journal of Distance Education · doi:10.1080/08923640109527071 · Cited by 3,044
Self-citationASSESSING TEACHING PRESENCE IN A COMPUTER CONFERENCING CONTEXT
Anderson, T., Rourke, L., Garrison, R., & Archer, W. (2001) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v5i2.1875 · Cited by 1,885
Self-citationThe Theory and Practice of Online Learning
Anderson, T. D., & Elloumi, F. (2008) · Athabasca University Press eBooks · doi:10.15215/aupress/9781897425084.01 · Cited by 1,861
Self-citationAssessing Social Presence In Asynchronous Text-based Computer Conferencing
Rourke, L., Anderson, T. D., Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (1999) · AUSpace (Athabasca University) · Cited by 1,776
Self-citationResearching the community of inquiry framework: Review, issues, and future directions
Garrison, D. R., & Arbaugh, J. B. (2007) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2007.04.001 · Cited by 1,653
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Garrison, D.Randy
- Venue
- The Internet and Higher Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 87-105
- ISSN
- 1096-7516 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2014858765
- Cited by
- 6,619
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 464 · 2025: 409 · 2024: 439 · 2023: 553 · 2022: 632 · 2021: 527 · 2020: 391 · 2019: 290 · 2018: 264 · 2017: 245 · 2016: 281 · 2015: 291 · 2014: 297 · 2013: 271 · 2012: 266
- FWCI
- 44.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Internet and Higher Education (publishedVersion)
- AUSpace (Athabasca University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Technology in Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Keywords
- computer conferencing, computer-mediated communication, community of inquiry, cognitive presence, social presence, teaching presence, critical inquiry, higher education, online learning
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