Carcinogenicity of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid
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Proposed carcinogenic mechanisms include activation of PPAR-α, genotoxic effects, endocrine disruption, and epigenetic alterations.
“Proposed carcinogenic mechanisms include activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), which influences lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, and inflammation—pathways that may contribute to tumor development, B genotoxic effects, endocrine disruption, and epigenetic alterations [101].”
From Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Healthcare: Environmental and Clinical Insights (2025) · cites this paper as [101]
The mechanistic-evidence passages (page not provided) report epigenetic alterations, PPARα-mediated effects, altered cell proliferation, and PFOS effects on thyroid- and androgen-mediated pathways. They do not report genotoxic effects or specifically establish PPARα activation and its claimed effects on inflammation and lipid metabolism; searches for genotoxicity and those pathway details found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Zahm, S., Bonde, J. P., Chiu, W. A., Hoppin, J., Kanno, J., Abdallah, M., Blystone, C. R., Calkins, M. M., Dong, G.-H., Dorman, D. C., Fry, R., Guo, H., Haug, L. S., Hofmann, J. N., Iwasaki, M., Machala, M., Mancini, F. R., Maria-Engler, S. S., Møller, P., Ng, J. C., Pallardy, M., Post, G. B., Salihovic, S., Schlezinger, J., Soshilov, A., Steenland, K., Steffensen, I.-L., Tryndyak, V., White, A., Woskie, S., Fletcher, T., Ahmadi, A., Ahmadi, N., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Bijoux, W., Chittiboyina, S., de Conti, A., Facchin, C., Madia, F., Mattock, H., Merdas, M., Pasqual, E., Suonio, E., Viegas, S., Zupunski, L., Wedekind, R., & Schubauer-Berigan, M. K.
- Affiliations
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- ORCID
- Zahm, Shelia
- Bonde, Jens Peter
- Chiu, Weihsueh A
- Hoppin, Jane
- Kanno, Jun
- Abdallah, Mohamed
- Calkins, Miriam M
- Dong, Guang-Hui
- Dorman, David C
- Fry, Rebecca
- Guo, Huan
- Haug, Line S
- Hofmann, Jonathan N
- Iwasaki, Motoki
- Machala, Miroslav
- Mancini, Francesca R
- Ng, Jack C
- Pallardy, Marc
- Post, Gloria B
- Schlezinger, Jennifer
- Soshilov, Anatoly
- Steenland, Kyle
- Steffensen, Inger-Lise
- Tryndyak, Volodymyr
- Woskie, Susan
- Fletcher, Tony
- Ahmadi, Ayat
- Bijoux, Wendy
- Facchin, Caterina
- Madia, Federica
- Merdas, Mira
- Pasqual, Elisa
- Wedekind, Roland
- Venue
- The Lancet Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 16-17
- ISSN
- 1470-2045 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12183505
- OpenAlex
- W4389208799
- Cited by
- 387
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 136 · 2025: 149 · 2024: 100 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 32.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- National Cancer Institute (U01CA033193, R01CA033193)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fluoride Effects and Removal
- Keywords
- perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, carcinogenicity, perfluorinated compounds, isomers, salt, cancer risk assessment
- MeSH terms
- Caprylates, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Alkanesulfonic Acids
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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