The DOI matches its Crossref record; 96 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis
Abstract
About 10-15% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) present with gradually increasing neurological disability, a disorder known as primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Compared with relapse-onset multiple sclerosis, people with PPMS are older at onset and a higher proportion are men. Inflammatory white-matter lesions are less evident but diffuse axonal loss and microglial activation are seen in healthy-looking white matter, in addition to cortical demyelination, and quantitative MRI shows atrophy and intrinsic abnormalities in the grey matter and the white matter. Spinal cord atrophy corresponds to the usual clinical presentation of progressive spastic paraplegia. Although neuroaxonal degeneration seems to underlie PPMS, the pathogenesis and the extent to which immune-mediated mechanisms operate is unclear. MRI of the brain and spinal cord, and examination of the CSF, are important investigations for diagnosis; conventional immunomodulatory therapies, such as interferon beta and glatiramer acetate, are ineffective. Future research should focus on the clarification of the mechanisms of axonal loss, improvements to the design of clinical trials, and the development of effective neuroprotective treatments.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Brain T2 lesion load tends to be lower in PPMS 6 and the combination of MRI and CSF findings provides a higher sensitivity than MRI alone.20”
From Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges (2017) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“The onset of PPMS in contrast is characterised by slowly progressive symptoms, most often an asymmetric paraparesis that evolves over months or years 6 or, less commonly, a progressive hemiparesis or cerebellar ataxia or very rarely, visual failure or dementia.6”
From Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges (2017) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
Cites
McDonald, W. I., Compston, A., Edan, G., Goodkin, D., Hartung, H., Lublin, F. D., McFarland, H. F., Paty, D. W., Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., et al. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.1032 · Cited by 6,969
Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the “McDonald Criteria”
Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., Edan, G., Filippi, M., Hartung, H., Kappos, L., Lublin, F. D., Metz, L. M., McFarland, H. F., O'Connor, P. W., et al. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20703 · Cited by 5,017
Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis
LUBLIN, F. D., & Reingold, S. C. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.4.907 · Cited by 3,762
Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis
Kutzelnigg, A., Lucchinetti, C. F., Stadelmann, C., Brück, W., Rauschka, H., Bergmann, M., Schmidbauer, M., Parisi, J. E., & Lassmann, H. (2005) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh641 · Cited by 1,836
Relapses and Progression of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis
Confavreux, C., Vukusic, S., Moreau, T., & Adeleine, P. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200011163432001 · Cited by 1,328
Development of a multiple sclerosis functional composite as a clinical trial outcome measure
Cutter, G. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.5.871 · Cited by 1,191
The natural history of multiple sclerosis:a geographically based study
Cottrell, D. A., Kremenchutzky, M., Rice, G. P., Koopman, W. J., Hader, W. J., Baskerville, J., & Ebers, G. C. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.4.625 · Cited by 1,169
The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29): A new patient-based outcome measure
Hobart, J. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.5.962 · Cited by 1,144
Natural history of multiple sclerosis: a unifying concept
Confavreux, C., & Vukusic, S. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl007 · Cited by 901
Acute axonal injury in multiple sclerosis: Correlation with demyelination and inflammation
Bitsch, A. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.6.1174 · Cited by 898
Remyelination is extensive in a subset of multiple sclerosis patients
Patrikios, P., Stadelmann, C., Kutzelnigg, A., Rauschka, H., Schmidbauer, M., Laursen, H., Sorensen, P. S., Bruck, W., Lucchinetti, C., & Lassmann, H. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl217 · Cited by 807
Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis
Losseff, N. A., Webb, S. L., O’Riordan, J. I., Page, R., Wang, L., Barker, G. J., Tofts, P. S., McDonald, W. I., Miller, D., & Thompson, A. J. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.3.701 · Cited by 642
Self-citationAge at disability milestones in multiple sclerosis
Confavreux, C., & Vukusic, S. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh714 · Cited by 544
Major differences in the dynamics of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Thompson, A. J., Kermode, A. G., Wicks, D., MacManus, D. G., Kendall, B. E., Kingsley, D. P. E., & McDonald, W. I. (1991) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410290111 · Cited by 484
A quantitative analysis of oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions
Lucchinetti, C., Brück, W., Parisi, J., Scheithauer, B., Rodriguez, M., & Lassmann, H. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.12.2279 · Cited by 464
Kremenchutzky, M., Rice, G. P., Baskerville, J., Wingerchuk, D. M., & Ebers, G. C. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh721 · Cited by 447
Wolinsky, J. S., Narayana, P. A., O'Connor, P. W., Coyle, P. K., Ford, C. C., Johnson, K. P., Miller, A., Pardo, L., Kadosh, S. E., Ladkani, D., et al. (2007) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21079 · Cited by 428
Nijeholt, G. J. L. À. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.4.687 · Cited by 376
Diagnostic criteria for primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a position paper.
Thompson, A. J., Montalbán, X., Barkhof, F., Brochet, B., Filippi, M., Miller, D. H., Polman, C. H., Stevenson, V. L., & McDonald, W. I. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 352
Self-citationSpinal cord MRI using multi‐array coils and fast spin echo
Kidd, D. P., Thorpe, J. W., Thompson, A. J., Kendall, B. E., MOSELEY, I. F., MacManus, D. G., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.12.2632 · Cited by 339
Self-citationRice, G. P., Filippi, M., & Comi, G. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.5.1145 · Cited by 322
Heterogeneity at the HLA-DRB1 locus and risk for multiple sclerosis
Barcellos, L. F., Sawcer, S. J., Ramsay, P. P., Baranzini, S. E., Thomson, G. J., Briggs, F. B. S., Cree, B., Begovich, A. B., Villoslada, P., Montalbán, X., et al. (2006) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl223 · Cited by 312
Goodkin, D. E., Rudick, R. A., MEDENDORP, S. V., Daughtry, M. M., Schwetz, K. M., Fischer, J. S., & Dyke, C. V. (1995) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410370108 · Cited by 304
Cigarette smoking and the progression of multiple sclerosis
Hernán, M. Á., Jick, S. S., Logroscino, G., Olek, M. J., Ascherio, A., & Jick, H. (2005) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh471 · Cited by 295
A comparison of the pathology of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Révész, T., Kidd, D. P., Thompson, A. J., Barnard, R. O., & McDonald, W. I. (1994) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/117.4.759 · Cited by 293
Patterns of disease activity in multiple sclerosis: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study.
Thompson, A. J., Kermode, A. G., MacManus, D. G., Kendall, B. E., Kingsley, D. P. E., MOSELEY, I. F., & McDonald, W. I. (1990) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6725.631 · Cited by 287
Interferon β-1a in primary progressive MS
Leary, S. M., Miller, D., Stevenson, V. L., Brex, P., Chard, D., & Thompson, A. J. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.60.1.44 · Cited by 250
Self-citationSymptomatic therapy and neurorehabilitation in multiple sclerosis
Kesselring, J., & Beer, S. M. (2005) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70193-9 · Cited by 250
Olerup, O., Hillert, J. A., Fredrikson, S., Olsson, T. P., Kam‐Hansen, S., Möller, E., Carlsson, B., & Wallin, J. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.18.7113 · Cited by 239
Miller, D. H., Thompson, A. J., & Filippi, M. (2003) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-003-0243-9 · Cited by 238
Self-citationCamp, S. J., Stevenson, V. L., Thompson, A. J., Miller, D. H., Borrás, C., Auriacombe, S., Brochet, B., Falautano, M., Filippi, M., Herisse-Dulo, L., et al. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.7.1341 · Cited by 229
Self-citationSaccardi, R., Kozák, T., Bocelli‐Tyndall, C., Fassas, Α., Kazis, A., Havrdová, E., Carreras, E., Saiz, A., Löwenberg, B., Boekhorst, P. A. T., et al. (2006) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458506071301 · Cited by 218
Monson, N. L., Cravens, P. D., Frohman, E. M., Hawker, K., & Racke, M. K. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.2.258 · Cited by 210
Sepulcre, J., Sastre-Garriga, J., Cercignani, M., Ingle, G., Miller, D. H., & Thompson, A. (2006) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.63.8.1175 · Cited by 178
Self-citationPrimary and transitional progressive MS
Stevenson, V. L., Miller, D. H., Rovaris, M., Barkhof, F., Brochet, B., Dousset, V., Dousset, V., Filippi, M., Montalbán, X., Polman, C. H., et al. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.4.839 · Cited by 177
Self-citationCognitive impairment in three subtypes of multiple sclerosis
Denney, D. R., Sworowski, L. A., & Lynch, S. G. (2005) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2005.04.012 · Cited by 171
Inglese, M., Park, S.-J., Johnson, G., Babb, J., Miles, L., Jaggi, H., Herbert, J., & Grossman, R. (2007) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.64.2.196 · Cited by 161
Post-mortem high-resolution MRI of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis
Nijeholt, G. J. L. À., Bergers, E., Kamphorst, W., Bot, J., Nicolay, K., Castelijns, J. A., van Waesberghe, J. H. T. M., Ravid, R., Polman, C. H., & Barkhof, F. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.1.154 · Cited by 160
Spinal MRI in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis and negative brain MRI
Thorpe, J. W., Kidd, D. P., MOSELEY, I. F., Thompson, A. J., MacManus, D. G., Compston, D. A. S., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. H. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.3.709 · Cited by 159
Self-citationSastre-Garriga, J., Ingle, G., Chard, D., Cercignani, M., Ramió-Torrentá, L., Miller, D. H., & Thompson, A. (2005) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/awh498 · Cited by 151
Self-citationGrey matter damage predicts the evolution of primary progressive multiple sclerosis at 5 years.
Rovaris, M., Judica, E., Gallo, A., Benedetti, B., Sormani, M., Caputo, D., Ghezzi, A., Montanari, E., Bertolotto, A., Mancardi, G., et al. (2006) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/awl222 · Cited by 138
Abnormalities of cerebral perfusion in multiple sclerosis
Rashid, W. (2004) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.026021 · Cited by 137
Leech, S., Kirk, J., Plumb, J., & McQuaid, S. (2007) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00781.x · Cited by 137
Kalkers, N. F., Barkhof, F., Bergers, E., van Schijndel, R. A., & Polman, C. H. (2002) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458502ms849xx · Cited by 129
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a 5-year clinical and MR study
Ingle, G. T. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg261 · Cited by 127
Sastre‐Garriga, J., Ingle, G. T., Chard, D., Ramió-Torrentà, L., McLean, M. A., Miller, D. H., & Thompson, A. J. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.4.569 · Cited by 121
Self-citationThe normal appearing grey matter in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Dehmeshki, J., Chard, D., Leary, S., Watt, H., Silver, N., Tofts, P., Thompson, A. J., & Miller, D. (2003) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-003-0955-x · Cited by 118
Self-citationA comparison of neuropsychological deficits in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Foong, J., Rozewicz, L., Chong, W. K., Thompson, A. J., Miller, D. H., & Ron, M. A. (2000) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/pl00007804 · Cited by 116
Self-citationDenney, D. R., LYNCH, S. G., Parmenter, B. A., & Horne, N. R. (2004) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617704107030 · Cited by 111
A longitudinal study of cognition in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Camp, S. J., Stevenson, V. L., Thompson, A. J., Ingle, G. T., Miller, D. H., Borrás, C., Brochet, B., Dousset, V., Falautano, M., Filippi, M., et al. (2005) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh602 · Cited by 110
Self-citationRovaris, M., Gallo, A., Valsasina, P., Benedetti, B., Caputo, D., Ghezzi, A., Montanari, E., Sormani, M. P., Bertolotto, A., Mancardi, G., et al. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.10.006 · Cited by 109
Booth, D., Arthur, A., Teutsch, S., Bye, C., Rubio, J., Armati, P., Pollard, J., Heard, R., Stewart, G., & The Myositis Genetics Consortium (2005) · Journal of molecular medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-005-0684-y · Cited by 108
The natural history of primary progressive MS in British Columbia, Canada
Tremlett, H. L., Paty, D. W., & Devonshire, V. A. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000188880.17038.1d · Cited by 102
Quantification of cervical cord pathology in primary progressive MS using diffusion tensor MRI
Agosta, F., Benedetti, B., Rocca, M. A., Valsasina, P., Rovaris, M., Comi, G., & Filippi, M. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000151852.15294.cb · Cited by 98
Familial effects on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis
Hensiek, A. E., Seaman, S. R., Barcellos, L. F., Oturai, A. B., Eraksoi, M., Cocco, E. E., Vécsei, L., Stewart, G. J., Dubois, B., Bellman-Strobl, J., et al. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000252822.53506.46 · Cited by 90
Filippi, M., Campi, A., Martinelli, V., Colombo, B., Yousry, T. A., Canal, N., Scotti, G., & Comi, G. P. (1995) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.59.5.540 · Cited by 83
Manfredonia, F., Ciccarelli, O., Khaleeli, Z., Tozer, D. J., Sastre‐Garriga, J., Miller, D. H., & Thompson, A. J. (2007) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.64.3.411 · Cited by 80
Self-citationAn immunogenetic heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis.
Hillert, J. A., Grønning, M., Nyland, H., Link, H., & Olerup, O. (1992) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.55.10.887 · Cited by 76
McDonnell, G. V., Mawhinney, H., Graham, C. A., Hawkins, S. A., & Middleton, D. (1999) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00084-2 · Cited by 72
Ramió‐Torrentà, L. (2005) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.052316 · Cited by 72
Zéphir, H., Seze, J. D., Duhamel, A., Debouverie, M., Hautecoeur, P., Lebrun‐Frénay, C., Irina Malikova, A., Pelletier, J., Sénéchal, O., & Vermersch, P. (2003) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2003.11.004 · Cited by 71
Cord atrophy separates early primary progressive and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
Bieniek, M. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.094748 · Cited by 71
Long-term clinical outcome of primary progressive MS: Predictive value of clinical and MRI data
Sastre‐Garriga, J., Ingle, G. T., Rovaris, M., Téllez, N., Jasperse, B., Altmann, D. R., Benedetti, B., Stevenson, V. L., Cercignani, M., Leary, S. M., et al. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000173061.12776.1f · Cited by 69
Self-citationKhaleeli, Z., Sastre‐Garriga, J., Ciccarelli, O., Miller, D. H., & Thompson, A. J. (2007) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.107565 · Cited by 67
Self-citationTau protein level in cerebrospinal fluid is increased in patients with early multiple sclerosis
Brettschneider, J., Maier, M., Arda, S., Claus, A., Süßmuth, S. D., Kassubek, J., & Tumani, H. (2005) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458505ms1159oa · Cited by 65
Is inflammation important in early PPMS? a longitudinal MRI study
Ingle, G. T. (2005) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.036590 · Cited by 63
Ciccarelli, O., Toosy, A., Marsden, J. F., Wheeler‐Kingshott, C. A. M. G., Miller, D. H., Matthews, P. M., & Thompson, A. J. (2006) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0125-z · Cited by 62
Self-citationOverview of European pilot study of interferon b-1b in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Montalbán, X. (2004) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458504ms1033oa · Cited by 57
Cognitive Impairment in Primary and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Wachowius, U., Talley, M. C., Silver, N., Heinze, H., & Sailer, M. (2005) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/138033990513645 · Cited by 55
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis as a phenotype of a PLP1 gene mutation
Warshawsky, I., Rudick, R. A., Staugaitis, S. M., & Natowicz, M. R. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20601 · Cited by 53
Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Leary, S. M., & Thompson, A. J. (2005) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200519050-00001 · Cited by 53
Self-citationThe PRO MiSe trial: baseline data review and progress report
Wolinsky, J. S., & PROMiSe Trial Study Group (2004) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458504ms1034oa · Cited by 50
Schmierer, K., Altmann, D. R., Kassim, N., Kitzler, H. H., Kerskens, C., Doege, C. A., Aktaş, O., Lünemann, J. D., Miller, D. H., Zipp, F., et al. (2004) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458504ms996oa · Cited by 47
Self-citationFilippi, M., Rovaris, M., & Rocca, M. A. (2004) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245850401000107 · Cited by 41
Basile, E., Gibbs, E., Aziz, T., & Oger, J. (2006) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.04.024 · Cited by 40
The pathogenesis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis: antibody-mediated attack and no repair?
Pender, M. (2004) · Journal of clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2003.12.013 · Cited by 40
Immunological patterns identifying disease course and evolution in multiple sclerosis patients
Furlan, R., Rovaris, M., Boneschi, F. M., Khademi, M., Bergami, A., Gironi, M., Deleidi, M., Agosta, F., Franciotta, D. M., Scarpini, E. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.04.012 · Cited by 40
Axonal injury and overall tissue loss are not related in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Rovaris, M., Gallo, A., Falini, A., Benedetti, B., Rossi, P., Comola, M., Scotti, G., Comi, G., & Filippi, M. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.6.898 · Cited by 34
Greer, J. M. (2005) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.042168 · Cited by 30
Wilczak, N., Ramsaransing, G. S. M., Mostert, J. P., Chesik, D., & Keyser, J. D. (2005) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458505ms1123oa · Cited by 30
Maghzi, A., Etemadifar, M., & Saadatnia, M. (2007) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01680.x · Cited by 29
KRAUS, J. A., Schütze, C., Brokate, B., Kröger, B., Schwendemann, G., & Hildebrandt, H. (2005) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-005-0750-y · Cited by 28
Open-label study of pirfenidone in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis
Bowen, J. D., Maravilla, K. R., & Margolin, S. B. (2003) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458503ms907oa · Cited by 27
Immunologic factors in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Hohlfeld, R. (2004) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245850401000104 · Cited by 24
Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids in benign and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis
Koch, M. W., Ramsaransing, G. S. M., Fokkema, M. R., Heersema, D. J., & Keyser, J. D. (2006) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2006.01.010 · Cited by 21
Immunological studies of mitoxantrone in primary progressive MS
Pelfrey, C. M., Cotleur, A. C., Zamor, N., Lee, J.-C., & Fox, R. J. (2006) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.03.003 · Cited by 15
Zadro, I., Brinar, V. V., Horvat, G., & Brinar, M. (2006) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2006.04.006 · Cited by 11
Clinical Course of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in Brazilian Patients
Vasconcelos, C. C. F., Miranda-Santos, C. M., & Alvarenga, R. M. P. (2006) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000093379 · Cited by 11
Anderson, V., Bartlett, J., Fox, N. C., Fisniku, L., & Miller, D. H. (2007) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-007-0599-3 · Cited by 10
Self-citationInterferon beta-1b modulates serum sVCAM-1 levels in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Bitsch, A., Bahner, D., Wachter, C., Elitok, E., Bogumil, T., Dressel, A., Polak, T. T., Tumani, H., Weber, F., Poser, S., et al. (2004) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2004.00347.x · Cited by 6
Koch, M. W., & Keyser, J. D. (2006) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/00002826-200601000-00006 · Cited by 3
Diagnostic criteria for primary progressive mutiple sclerosis: a position paper.
(2000) · Pure Amsterdam UMC · doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200006)47:6 · Cited by 2
Andresen, I., Pöhlau, D., Przuntek, H., & Späth, P. (2007) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.11.023 · Cited by 2
Andresen, I., Pöhlau, D., Przuntek, H., & Späth, P. (2006) · Klinische Neurophysiologie · doi:10.1055/s-2006-939085 · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Kita, 2004, A phase II trial of mitoxantrone in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis, Neurology, 62, A99
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ocrelizumab versus Placebo in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Montalban, X., Hauser, S. L., Kappos, L., Arnold, D. L., Bar-Or, A., Comi, G., de Seze, J., Giovannoni, G., Hartung, H.-P., Hemmer, B., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1606468 · Cited by 1,905
Thompson, A. J., Baranzini, S. E., Geurts, J. J. G., Hemmer, B., & Ciccarelli, O. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30481-1 · Cited by 1,979
Hawker, K., O'Connor, P. W., Freedman, M. S., Calabresi, P. A., Antel, J. P., Simon, J. H., Hauser, S. L., Waubant, E. L., Vollmer, T. L., PANITCH, H. S., et al. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21867 · Cited by 951
Mechanism of Action of Oral Fingolimod (FTY720) in Multiple Sclerosis
Chun, J., & Hartung, H.-P. (2010) · Clinical Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1097/wnf.0b013e3181cbf825 · Cited by 796
ECTRIMS/EAN Guideline on the pharmacological treatment of people with multiple sclerosis
Montalbán, X., Gold, R., Thompson, A. J., Otero‐Romero, S., Amato, M. P., Chandraratna, D., Clanet, M., Comı, G., Derfuss, T. J., Fazekas, F., et al. (2018) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458517751049 · Cited by 739
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, D. H., & Leary, S. M.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- University College Hospital (GB)
- ORCID
- Leary, Siobhan M
- Venue
- The Lancet Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 903-912
- ISSN
- 1474-4422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1990040006
- Cited by
- 818
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 161 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Keywords
- primary progressive multiple sclerosis, axonal loss, neuroaxonal degeneration, microglial activation, cortical demyelination, spinal cord atrophy, quantitative MRI, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, interferon-beta, glatiramer acetate, neuroprotection, pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
